基于多场景变权多目标优化的UPFC在风电并网系统中的配置方案研究
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摘要
风电出力与负荷的双向随机性使得电网潮流存在较大的不确定性,易造成电压失稳和线路传输功率过载等问题。统一潮流控制器(unified power flow controller,UPFC)可以通过控制线路潮流和稳定节点电压,使风电并网系统运行的安全性、经济性大大增强。针对现有UPFC配置方法存在的未能充分考虑系统运行场景的不确定性及多场景下权重差异性的缺点,建立UPFC多场景变权多目标优化配置模型。利用K-means聚类方法对风电出力-负荷进行场景划分,以有功网损、电压偏移率和负载均衡度以及UPFC安装成本为优化目标,利用NSGA-II算法对UPFC的安装数量、位置、容量进行优化,并提出多场景熵权-层次分析法对Pareto解集排序,得出UPFC配置的最优方案。算例对IEEE 30节点系统进行仿真计算,验证了该模型和算法的正确性和有效性。
Output of wind power and bi-directional randomness make system load flow more uncertain, producing problems, such as voltage instability and overload of transmission lines. UPFC can greatly improve safety and economy of operation of wind power integrated system. Aiming at the deficiencies of not considering uncertainty of system operating status and the difference of weighting coefficients in different scenes in current UPFC collocation method, the article sets up multiple UPFC scenarios with different weighting coefficients and a multi-target optimization allocation model, partitioning the scenes of wind power output-load, taking active power loss, voltage deviation rate, load balance degree and installation cost of UPFC controller as the targets, and utilizing NSGA-II algorithm to optimize UPFC installation location and capacity. Besides, based on multi-scenario entropy coefficient-AHP, the Pareto solution set is disaggregated and sorted and the best plan of UPFC allocation is reached. A study example is simulated to calculate IEEE30-node system, verifying validity and efficiency of the proposed model and algorithm.
Output of wind power and bi-directional randomness make system load flow more uncertain, producing problems, such as voltage instability and overload of transmission lines. UPFC can greatly improve safety and economy of operation of wind power integrated system. Aiming at the deficiencies of not considering uncertainty of system operating status and the difference of weighting coefficients in different scenes in current UPFC collocation method, the article sets up multiple UPFC scenarios with different weighting coefficients and a multi-target optimization allocation model, partitioning the scenes of wind power output-load, taking active power loss, voltage deviation rate, load balance degree and installation cost of UPFC controller as the targets, and utilizing NSGA-II algorithm to optimize UPFC installation location and capacity. Besides, based on multi-scenario entropy coefficient-AHP, the Pareto solution set is disaggregated and sorted and the best plan of UPFC allocation is reached. A study example is simulated to calculate IEEE30-node system, verifying validity and efficiency of the proposed model and algorithm.
引文
[1]李俊峰.中国风电发展报告[M].杭州:中国环境科学出版社,2012.
[2]孙元章,吴俊,李国杰.风力发电对电力系统的影响[J].电网技术,2007,31(20):55-62.Sun Yuanzhang,Wu Jun,Li Guojie.Impact of wind power on power system[J].Power System Technology,2007,31(20):55-62(in Chinese).
[3]王乾坤.国内外风电弃风现状及经验分析[J].华东电力,2012,12(6):1-4.Wang Qiankun.Current situation and experience analysis of wind power abandoning at home and abroad[J].East China Electric Power,2012,12(6):1-4(in Chinese).
[4]Gyugyi L A.Unified power flow control concept for flexible ACtransmission systems[J].IEEE Proceedings,1992,139(4):323-331.
[5]阎博,汪可友.UPFC状态反馈精确线性化潮流控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(6):1-8.Yan Bo,Wang Keyou.UPFC state feedback exact linearization power flow control strategy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(6):1-8(in Chinese).
[6]Ba A O,Tao Peng,Lefebvre S.Rotary power-flow controller for dynamic performance evaluation-part I:RPFC modeling[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery.2009,39(8):26-39.
[7]顾威,李兴源,魏巍.基于UPFC的风电场稳定性动态仿真研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,11(2):1-7.Gu Wei,Li Xingyuan,Wei Wei.Dynamic simulation of wind farm stability based on UPFC[J].Power System Protection and Control,2010,11(2):1-7(in Chinese).
[8]Yuan Zhichang,Song Qiang,Liu Wenhua,et al.A nonlinear controller for unified power flow controller[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,16(10):6-9.
[9]刘黎明,康勇,陈坚,等.UPFC的交叉耦合控制及潮流调节能力分析[J].中国电机工程学报.2007,27(8):1-7.Liu Liming,Kang Yong,Chen Jian,et al.Analysis of cross coupling control and power flow regulation capability of UPFC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(8):1-7(in Chinese).
[10]颜伟,朱继忠,孙洪波,等.UPFC的潮流控制与暂态稳定性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(12):1-6.Yan Wei,Zhu Jizhong,Sun Hongbo,et al.Research on power flow control and transient stability of UPFC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(12):1-6(in Chinese).
[11]赵丽,邱成龙,郑连清.基于鱼群算法的UPFC定容研究[J].机电工程,2015,32(5):2-6.Zhao Li,Qiu Zhicheng,Zheng Lianqing.Research on UPFC constant volume based on fish swarm algorithm[J].Journal of Mechanical&Electrical Engineering,2015,32(5):2-6(in Chinese).
[12]李立,鲁宗相,邱阿瑞.基于新负荷削减模型的UPFC优化配置[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(13):6-10.Li Li,Lu Zongxiang,Qiu Arui.Optimal allocation of UPFC based on new load reduction model[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(13):6-10(in Chinese).
[13]赵渊,杨晓嵩,谢开贵.UPFC对电网可靠性的灵敏度分析及优化配置[J],电力系统自动化,2012,36(6):1-6.Zhao Yuan,Yang Xiaosong,Xie Kaigui.Sensitivity analysis and optimal allocation of UPFC to power grid reliability[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(6):1-6(in Chinese).
[14]Chen J,Liu J K,Zhou Q,et al.Locating and sizing of UPFC based on hybrid intelligent algorithm[C]//2016 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Conference.Xi’an:IEEE Power and Energy Society,2016:94-99.
[15]Behshad M,Lashkarara A,Rahmani A H.Optimal location of UPFCdevice considering system loadability,total fuel cost,power losses and cost of installation[C]//International Conference on Power Electronics and Intelligent Transportation System.Shenzhen:IEEEIndustrial Electronics Society,2009:109-116.
[16]颜伟,朱继忠,孙洪波,等.UPFC的潮流控制与暂态稳定性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,20(12):58-62.Yan Wei,Zhu Jizhong,Sun Hongbo,et al.Research on power flow control and transient stability of UPFC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2000,20(12):58-62(in Chinese).
[17]赵渊,杨晓嵩,谢开贵.UPFC对电网可靠性的灵敏度分析及优化配置[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(1):55-60.Zhao Yuan,Yang Xiaosong,Xie Kaigui.Sensitivity analysis and optimal allocation of UPFC to power grid reliability[J],Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(1):55-60(in Chinese).
[18]丁明,解蛟龙,刘新宇,等.面向风电接纳能力评价的风资源/负荷典型场景集生成方法与应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(15):1-9.Ding Ming,Xie Jiaolong,Liu Xinyu,et al.Generation method and application of typical scenario set for wind resource/load oriented to evaluation of wind power capacity[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(15):1-9(in Chinese).
[19]高媛.非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA)的研究与应用[[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006.
[20]杨小彬,李和明,尹忠东,等.基于层次分析法的配电网能效指标体系[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(21):1-6.Yang Xiaobin,Li Heming,Yi Zhongdong,et al.Energy efficiency index system of distribution network based on analytic hierarchy process[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(21):1-6(in Chinese).
[21]聂宏展,吕盼,乔怡.基于熵权法的输电网规划方案模糊综合评价[J].电网技术,2009,33(3):60-64.Nie Hongzhan,LüPan,Qiao Yi.Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of transmission network planning based on entropy weight method[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(3):60-64(in Chinese).
[22]State Power Suppliers in Ireland.Wind power system load data in County Carlow[DB\OL].(2016-10-09)[2018-02-15].http://www.eirgridgroup.com.
[2]孙元章,吴俊,李国杰.风力发电对电力系统的影响[J].电网技术,2007,31(20):55-62.Sun Yuanzhang,Wu Jun,Li Guojie.Impact of wind power on power system[J].Power System Technology,2007,31(20):55-62(in Chinese).
[3]王乾坤.国内外风电弃风现状及经验分析[J].华东电力,2012,12(6):1-4.Wang Qiankun.Current situation and experience analysis of wind power abandoning at home and abroad[J].East China Electric Power,2012,12(6):1-4(in Chinese).
[4]Gyugyi L A.Unified power flow control concept for flexible ACtransmission systems[J].IEEE Proceedings,1992,139(4):323-331.
[5]阎博,汪可友.UPFC状态反馈精确线性化潮流控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(6):1-8.Yan Bo,Wang Keyou.UPFC state feedback exact linearization power flow control strategy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(6):1-8(in Chinese).
[6]Ba A O,Tao Peng,Lefebvre S.Rotary power-flow controller for dynamic performance evaluation-part I:RPFC modeling[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery.2009,39(8):26-39.
[7]顾威,李兴源,魏巍.基于UPFC的风电场稳定性动态仿真研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,11(2):1-7.Gu Wei,Li Xingyuan,Wei Wei.Dynamic simulation of wind farm stability based on UPFC[J].Power System Protection and Control,2010,11(2):1-7(in Chinese).
[8]Yuan Zhichang,Song Qiang,Liu Wenhua,et al.A nonlinear controller for unified power flow controller[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,16(10):6-9.
[9]刘黎明,康勇,陈坚,等.UPFC的交叉耦合控制及潮流调节能力分析[J].中国电机工程学报.2007,27(8):1-7.Liu Liming,Kang Yong,Chen Jian,et al.Analysis of cross coupling control and power flow regulation capability of UPFC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(8):1-7(in Chinese).
[10]颜伟,朱继忠,孙洪波,等.UPFC的潮流控制与暂态稳定性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(12):1-6.Yan Wei,Zhu Jizhong,Sun Hongbo,et al.Research on power flow control and transient stability of UPFC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(12):1-6(in Chinese).
[11]赵丽,邱成龙,郑连清.基于鱼群算法的UPFC定容研究[J].机电工程,2015,32(5):2-6.Zhao Li,Qiu Zhicheng,Zheng Lianqing.Research on UPFC constant volume based on fish swarm algorithm[J].Journal of Mechanical&Electrical Engineering,2015,32(5):2-6(in Chinese).
[12]李立,鲁宗相,邱阿瑞.基于新负荷削减模型的UPFC优化配置[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(13):6-10.Li Li,Lu Zongxiang,Qiu Arui.Optimal allocation of UPFC based on new load reduction model[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(13):6-10(in Chinese).
[13]赵渊,杨晓嵩,谢开贵.UPFC对电网可靠性的灵敏度分析及优化配置[J],电力系统自动化,2012,36(6):1-6.Zhao Yuan,Yang Xiaosong,Xie Kaigui.Sensitivity analysis and optimal allocation of UPFC to power grid reliability[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(6):1-6(in Chinese).
[14]Chen J,Liu J K,Zhou Q,et al.Locating and sizing of UPFC based on hybrid intelligent algorithm[C]//2016 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Conference.Xi’an:IEEE Power and Energy Society,2016:94-99.
[15]Behshad M,Lashkarara A,Rahmani A H.Optimal location of UPFCdevice considering system loadability,total fuel cost,power losses and cost of installation[C]//International Conference on Power Electronics and Intelligent Transportation System.Shenzhen:IEEEIndustrial Electronics Society,2009:109-116.
[16]颜伟,朱继忠,孙洪波,等.UPFC的潮流控制与暂态稳定性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,20(12):58-62.Yan Wei,Zhu Jizhong,Sun Hongbo,et al.Research on power flow control and transient stability of UPFC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2000,20(12):58-62(in Chinese).
[17]赵渊,杨晓嵩,谢开贵.UPFC对电网可靠性的灵敏度分析及优化配置[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(1):55-60.Zhao Yuan,Yang Xiaosong,Xie Kaigui.Sensitivity analysis and optimal allocation of UPFC to power grid reliability[J],Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(1):55-60(in Chinese).
[18]丁明,解蛟龙,刘新宇,等.面向风电接纳能力评价的风资源/负荷典型场景集生成方法与应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(15):1-9.Ding Ming,Xie Jiaolong,Liu Xinyu,et al.Generation method and application of typical scenario set for wind resource/load oriented to evaluation of wind power capacity[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(15):1-9(in Chinese).
[19]高媛.非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA)的研究与应用[[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006.
[20]杨小彬,李和明,尹忠东,等.基于层次分析法的配电网能效指标体系[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(21):1-6.Yang Xiaobin,Li Heming,Yi Zhongdong,et al.Energy efficiency index system of distribution network based on analytic hierarchy process[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(21):1-6(in Chinese).
[21]聂宏展,吕盼,乔怡.基于熵权法的输电网规划方案模糊综合评价[J].电网技术,2009,33(3):60-64.Nie Hongzhan,LüPan,Qiao Yi.Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of transmission network planning based on entropy weight method[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(3):60-64(in Chinese).
[22]State Power Suppliers in Ireland.Wind power system load data in County Carlow[DB\OL].(2016-10-09)[2018-02-15].http://www.eirgridgroup.com.
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