连续有机无机配施对植烟土壤归一化酶活性的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究化肥减量配施有机肥(OF,80%化肥+有机肥)和生物有机肥(BIO,80%化肥+生物有机肥)对植烟土壤酶活性的影响。【方法】通过连续4年田间小区定位试验,采用归一化酶活性值探讨植烟土壤酶活性与土壤速效养分和活性有机碳的关系。【结果】在连续4年化肥减量20%条件下,化肥减量配施有机肥可明显增加烤烟产量,显著提高烟叶质量和产值,提高植烟土壤有机质和活性有机碳含量,显著提高植烟土壤酶活性。与常规施肥(CF,100%化肥)相比,OF处理的土壤脲酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活、脱氢酶活性和蔗糖酶活性分别显著提高了27.72%、11.11%、51.39%和14.12%;BIO处理的土壤脲酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性、脱氢酶活性和蔗糖酶活性分别显著提高了27.72%、27.78%、58.51%和26.52%。OF和BIO较CF相比归一化酶活性分别显著提高了11.88%和19.88%。而BIO较OF相比,归一化酶活性显著提高7.15%。相关分析表明:植烟土壤归一化酶活性与土壤速效养分和有机碳组分呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。【结论】化肥减量20%配施生物有机肥对烤烟提质增效、改良植烟土壤结构效果较好。
[Purpose]To study the effects of different organic fertilizers(OF, organic fertilizer or BIO, bio-organic fertilizer) on the soil enzymes activity of flue-cured tobacco under chemical fertilizers reduction.[Method]Through four years field experiment, the normalized enzyme activity was used to discuss the relationship between soil enzyme activity and the soil available nutrient and between soil enzyme activity and soil organic carbon.[Result]Under 4-years chemical fertilizer20% reduction, combined application with different organic fertilizers could increase the yield and the quality of flue-cured tobacco, the soil organic matter, soil labile organic carbon and soil enzymes activity significantly. In comparison with the conventional fertilization(CF, 100% chemical fertilizer),the activities of soil urease, alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase and invertase of OF treatment increased by 27.72%, 11.11%, 51.39% and 14.12%, respectively. The activities of soil urease, alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase and invertase of BIO treatment increased by 27.72%, 27.78%, 58.51%and 26.52% respectively. The normalized enzyme activities of OF and BIO increased by 11.88% and19.88% respectively. The normalized enzyme activity of BIO was 7.15% higher than that of OF. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the soil normalized enzyme activity of flue-cured tobacco was extremely significantly related with soil available nutrient and soil organic carbon.[Conclusion]20%chemical fertilizer reduction combined with bio-organic fertilizer is a better practice for improving soil fertility, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.
[Purpose]To study the effects of different organic fertilizers(OF, organic fertilizer or BIO, bio-organic fertilizer) on the soil enzymes activity of flue-cured tobacco under chemical fertilizers reduction.[Method]Through four years field experiment, the normalized enzyme activity was used to discuss the relationship between soil enzyme activity and the soil available nutrient and between soil enzyme activity and soil organic carbon.[Result]Under 4-years chemical fertilizer20% reduction, combined application with different organic fertilizers could increase the yield and the quality of flue-cured tobacco, the soil organic matter, soil labile organic carbon and soil enzymes activity significantly. In comparison with the conventional fertilization(CF, 100% chemical fertilizer),the activities of soil urease, alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase and invertase of OF treatment increased by 27.72%, 11.11%, 51.39% and 14.12%, respectively. The activities of soil urease, alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase and invertase of BIO treatment increased by 27.72%, 27.78%, 58.51%and 26.52% respectively. The normalized enzyme activities of OF and BIO increased by 11.88% and19.88% respectively. The normalized enzyme activity of BIO was 7.15% higher than that of OF. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the soil normalized enzyme activity of flue-cured tobacco was extremely significantly related with soil available nutrient and soil organic carbon.[Conclusion]20%chemical fertilizer reduction combined with bio-organic fertilizer is a better practice for improving soil fertility, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.
引文
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[16]岳会锦,陶瑞,褚贵新.滴灌棉田有机碳组分对不同比率有机无机肥配施的响应[J].新疆农业科学,2014,51(9):1630.DOI:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2014.09.010.
[17]张云伟,徐智,汤利,等.生物有机肥对烤烟黑胫病及根际微生物代谢功能多样性的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2014,20(5):59.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5708.2014.05.010.
[18]许仁良,王建峰,张国良,等.秸秆、有机肥及氮肥配合使用对水稻土微生物和有机质含量的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(13):3490.
[19]李艳红,徐智,汤利,等.化肥减量配施生物有机肥对烤烟青枯病及其病原菌的影响[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2015,30(4):612.DOI:10.16211/j.issn.1004-390X(n).2015.04.020.
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[21]鲍土旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
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[23]杨滨娟,黄国勤,兰延,等.施氮和冬种绿肥对土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(10):2907.
[24]高雪松,何鹏,邓良基,等.丘陵区坡面土壤有机碳及颗粒有机碳分布特征[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(1):337.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-5906.2009.01.062.
[25]宋建群,徐智,汤利,等.不同有机肥对烤烟养分吸收及化肥利用率的影响[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2015,30(3):471.DOI:10.16211/j.issn.1004-390X(n).2015.03.024.
[26]潘根兴,周萍,张旭辉,等.不同施肥对水稻土作物碳同化与土壤碳固定的影响--以太湖地区黄泥土肥料长期试验为例[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3704.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2006.11.024.
[27]曾希柏.红壤酸化及其防治[J].土壤通报,2000,31(3):111.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0564-3945.2000.03.005.
[28]戴建军,宋朋慧,闫暮春,等.不同种植方式对苗期大豆、玉米根际土壤酶活性及微生物量碳、氮的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2013(2):17.
[29]BOHME L,BOHME F.Soil microbiological and biochemical properties affected by plant growth and different long-term fertilisation[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2006,42(1):1.DOI:10.1016/j.ejsobi.2005.08.001.
[30]宋震震,李絮花,李娟,等.有机肥和化肥长期施用对土壤活性有机氮组分及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014(3):525.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2014.0302.
[2]张云伟,徐智,汤利,等.不同有机肥对烤烟根际土壤微生物的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(9):2551.
[3]徐健钦,徐智,宋建群,等.不同有机肥对烤烟生长发育、产质量及青枯病的影响[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2013,28(1):118.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-390X(n).2013.01.021.
[4]杨宇虹,陈冬梅,晋艳,等.连作烟草对土壤微生物区系影响的T-RFLP分析[J].中国烟草学报,2012,18(1):40.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5708.2012.01.008.
[5]汪林,周冀衡,何伟,等.不同施肥措施对植烟土壤酶活性和供肥能力的影响[J].土壤,2012,44(2):302.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9829.2012.02.020.
[6]LYU M R,LI Z P,CHE Y P,et al.Soil organic C,nutrients,microbial biomass,and grain yield of rice(Oryza sativa L.)after 18 years of fertilizer application to an infertile paddy soil[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2011,47(7):777.DOI:10.1007/s00374-011-0584-y.
[7]刘国顺,李正,敬海霞,等.连年翻压绿肥对植烟土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(6):1472.
[8]陶磊,褚贵新,刘涛,等.有机肥替代部分化肥对长期连作棉田产量、土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6137.DOI:10.5846/stxb201301290184.
[9]荣勤雷,梁国庆,周卫,等.不同有机肥对黄泥田土壤培肥效果及土壤酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1168.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2014.0513.
[10]宋海燕,李传荣,许景伟,等.滨海盐碱地枣园土壤酶活性与土壤养分、微生物的关系[J].林业科学,2007,43(z1):28.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-7488.2007.z1.006.
[11]姜佰文,侯力维,高强,等.有机无机肥料配施对土壤微生物、土壤酶及玉米产量影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2016,47(11):37.
[12]和文祥,谭向平,王旭东,等.土壤总体酶活性指标的初步研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(6):1232.
[13]陆海飞,郑金伟,余喜初,等.长期无机有机肥配施对红壤性水稻土微生物群落多样性及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(3):632.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2015.0310.
[14]靳振江,邰继承,潘根兴,等.荆江地区湿地与稻田有机碳、微生物多样性及土壤酶活性的比较[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(18):3773.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.18.010..
[15]农传江,汤利,徐智,等.有机肥部分替代化肥对土壤有机碳库和烤烟经济性状的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(4):70.
[16]岳会锦,陶瑞,褚贵新.滴灌棉田有机碳组分对不同比率有机无机肥配施的响应[J].新疆农业科学,2014,51(9):1630.DOI:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2014.09.010.
[17]张云伟,徐智,汤利,等.生物有机肥对烤烟黑胫病及根际微生物代谢功能多样性的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2014,20(5):59.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5708.2014.05.010.
[18]许仁良,王建峰,张国良,等.秸秆、有机肥及氮肥配合使用对水稻土微生物和有机质含量的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(13):3490.
[19]李艳红,徐智,汤利,等.化肥减量配施生物有机肥对烤烟青枯病及其病原菌的影响[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2015,30(4):612.DOI:10.16211/j.issn.1004-390X(n).2015.04.020.
[20]胡可,李华兴,卢维盛,等.生物有机肥对土壤微生物活性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(2):303.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1011.2010.00303.
[21]鲍土旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[22]吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,等.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].1版.北京:气象出版社,2006.
[23]杨滨娟,黄国勤,兰延,等.施氮和冬种绿肥对土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(10):2907.
[24]高雪松,何鹏,邓良基,等.丘陵区坡面土壤有机碳及颗粒有机碳分布特征[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(1):337.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-5906.2009.01.062.
[25]宋建群,徐智,汤利,等.不同有机肥对烤烟养分吸收及化肥利用率的影响[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2015,30(3):471.DOI:10.16211/j.issn.1004-390X(n).2015.03.024.
[26]潘根兴,周萍,张旭辉,等.不同施肥对水稻土作物碳同化与土壤碳固定的影响--以太湖地区黄泥土肥料长期试验为例[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3704.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2006.11.024.
[27]曾希柏.红壤酸化及其防治[J].土壤通报,2000,31(3):111.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0564-3945.2000.03.005.
[28]戴建军,宋朋慧,闫暮春,等.不同种植方式对苗期大豆、玉米根际土壤酶活性及微生物量碳、氮的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2013(2):17.
[29]BOHME L,BOHME F.Soil microbiological and biochemical properties affected by plant growth and different long-term fertilisation[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2006,42(1):1.DOI:10.1016/j.ejsobi.2005.08.001.
[30]宋震震,李絮花,李娟,等.有机肥和化肥长期施用对土壤活性有机氮组分及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014(3):525.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2014.0302.
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