基于GIS的云南山区玉米生态适宜性评价方法与应用
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摘要
【目的】作物适宜性评价是进行生产区划的重要手段,本研究拟基于气象、土壤、地形数据,构建适宜山地环境的玉米生态适宜性评价模型和方法。【方法】在文献系统分析的基础上,遴选18个生态指标构成玉米生态适宜性评价指标体系,气候适宜性评价模型采用作物模型法构建,考虑了玉米生育期和生态效应,其他指标采用隶属度函数法分数值型和概念型分别构建。各因子权重采用专家打分和层次分析法确定,综合权重和适宜性函数构建玉米气候、土壤养分、立地条件、土地管理适宜性评价模型及综合生态适宜性评价模型。评价的数据通过空间分析获得。针对山区耕地的立体分布特点,运用ArcGIS工具综合耕地利用、土壤类型、行政区划划分评价单元,经GIS的插值处理、统计分析,获得各评价单元18个评价指标基础数据,进而运用评价模型对各评价单元进行分类评价和综合生态适宜性评价。【结果】该方法应用于云南省寻甸县,全县耕地共划分为8 415个评价单元,其气候、土壤养分、立地条件、土地管理4个方面适宜以上的面积分别占比58%、86%、42%、90%。生态适宜性综合评价中,高度适宜区和适宜区的面积占比分别为35.4%、50.6%,主要分布在中-东南部低中山丘陵区,中北部金沙江河谷,西部河谷槽区也有小范围的分布;勉强适宜区、不适宜区面积占9.4%和4.6%,主要零星分布在中部以西地区,而在西北部相对集中。【结论】评价方法考虑了玉米生育期和山区耕地立体分布特点,研究区适宜性区划呈碎片状分布,分布情况与区域生产情况基本相符,气候和立地条件是影响研究区玉米生态适宜性的主要因素。
【Objective】 Crop suitability evaluation is an important means for production zoning. This paper developed a new evaluation model of the ecological suitability for maize planted in mountain farmland, according to climatic, soil and topography condition. 【Method】 An evaluation index system of maize ecological suitability were selected after a systematic and comparative analysis of literature reviews, and 18 eco-environment factors were involved in the system. A climate model was established by the method of agricultural modeling based on the climatic conditions of maize growth period and ecological efficiency. The membership function method was used to calculate the suitability index for numerical and conceptual indicator variables, respectively. Expert scoring and analytic hierarchy process were used to determine the weight of each factor. Combining the weights and evaluation function, a new evaluation model was constructed to evaluate the suitability of climate, soil nutrient, site conditions, land management, and comprehensive ecological suitability. According the stereoscopic character of mountain farmland, evaluation units were divided by land using, soil type, and administrative division. The values of 18 indicators were calculated by GIS spatial analysis and attached into evaluation unites. Using the evaluation model and spatial data, the maize ecological suitability was evaluated for each class respectively or comprehensively. 【Result】 This method was used to evaluate maize ecological suitability in Xundian county, where the cultivated land was divided into 8 415 evaluation units. The suitable and high suitable area in climatic condition, soil nutrient, site condition, land management accounted for 58%, 86%, 42%, and 90%, respectively. The suitable and higher suitable area of maize planting accounted for 50.6% and 35.4%, respectively, which mainly distributed in the middle-southeast low-middle hilly area, and some in the central and northern Jinsha River valleys and western valley trough areas. The barely suitable and unsuitable area accounted for 9.4% and 4.6%, which mainly distributed in the northwest and some in the west of the central part. 【Conclusion】This method was able to response the climatic difference during maize growth period and the stereoscopic character of mountain farmland. The suitability area distributed as fragments. The results were consistent with the regional situation basically. The climate and terrain were primary limit factors for the ecological suitability of maize in the region.
【Objective】 Crop suitability evaluation is an important means for production zoning. This paper developed a new evaluation model of the ecological suitability for maize planted in mountain farmland, according to climatic, soil and topography condition. 【Method】 An evaluation index system of maize ecological suitability were selected after a systematic and comparative analysis of literature reviews, and 18 eco-environment factors were involved in the system. A climate model was established by the method of agricultural modeling based on the climatic conditions of maize growth period and ecological efficiency. The membership function method was used to calculate the suitability index for numerical and conceptual indicator variables, respectively. Expert scoring and analytic hierarchy process were used to determine the weight of each factor. Combining the weights and evaluation function, a new evaluation model was constructed to evaluate the suitability of climate, soil nutrient, site conditions, land management, and comprehensive ecological suitability. According the stereoscopic character of mountain farmland, evaluation units were divided by land using, soil type, and administrative division. The values of 18 indicators were calculated by GIS spatial analysis and attached into evaluation unites. Using the evaluation model and spatial data, the maize ecological suitability was evaluated for each class respectively or comprehensively. 【Result】 This method was used to evaluate maize ecological suitability in Xundian county, where the cultivated land was divided into 8 415 evaluation units. The suitable and high suitable area in climatic condition, soil nutrient, site condition, land management accounted for 58%, 86%, 42%, and 90%, respectively. The suitable and higher suitable area of maize planting accounted for 50.6% and 35.4%, respectively, which mainly distributed in the middle-southeast low-middle hilly area, and some in the central and northern Jinsha River valleys and western valley trough areas. The barely suitable and unsuitable area accounted for 9.4% and 4.6%, which mainly distributed in the northwest and some in the west of the central part. 【Conclusion】This method was able to response the climatic difference during maize growth period and the stereoscopic character of mountain farmland. The suitability area distributed as fragments. The results were consistent with the regional situation basically. The climate and terrain were primary limit factors for the ecological suitability of maize in the region.
引文
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[6]JAYASINGHE P K S,MACHIDA T.Web-based GIS online consulting system with crop land suitability identification.Agriculture Information Research,2008,17:13-19.
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[8]何英彬,陈佑启,杨鹏.国外基于GIS土地适宜性评价研究进展及展望.地球科学进展,2009,28(6):898-906.HE Y B,CHEN Y Q,YANG P.An overview and perspective of alien land suitability evaluation study based on GIS technology.Progress in Geography,2009,28(6):898-906.(in Chinese)
[9]赵彦锋,程道全,陈杰,孙志英.耕地地力评价指标体系构建中的问题与分析逻辑.土壤学报,2015,11(6):1197-1208.ZHAO Y F,CHEN D Q,CHEN J,SUN Z Y.Problems and analytical logic in building cultivated land productivity evaluation index system.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2015,11(6):1197-1208.(in Chinese)
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[11]郄瑞卿,关侠,鄢旭久,窦世翔,赵玲.基于自组织神经网络的耕地自然质量评价方法及其应用.农业工程学报,2014,30(23):298-305.QIE R Q,GUANG X,YAN X J,DOU S X,ZHAO L.Method and its application of natural quality evaluation of arable land based on self-organizing feature map neural network.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(23):298-305.(in Chinese)
[12]李奇峰,刘曦,孔箐锌,陆洲,潘瑜春,秦向阳.基于空间聚类的作物生态适宜性评价方法研究--以北京市为例.中国农学通报,2011,27(11):262-265.LI Q F,LIU X,KONG J X,LU Z,PAN Y C,QIN X Y.The research of crop ecological suitability based on spatial clustering-A case of Beijing.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(11):262-265.(in Chinese)
[13]杨东,郭盼盼,刘强,刘洪敏,郑凤娟.基于模糊数学的甘肃陇南地区农作物气候适宜性分析.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(7):98-104,110.YANG D,GUO P P,LIU Q,LIU H M,ZHENG F J.Study and analysis of cropper climate suitability based on fuzzy mathematics in Longnan mountainous area.Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2010,38(7):98-104,110.(in Chinese)
[14]张愉.基于模糊数学方法的复垦耕地适宜性评价[D].成都:成都理工大学,2014.ZHANG Y.Reclamation of cultivated land suitability evaluation based on fuzzy mathematical methods abstract[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2014.(in Chinese)
[15]戴慧,胡月明,谢健文,袁圣青,王春林.基于GIS和物元模型的油茶适宜性评价系统.计算机工程与设计,2014,35(3):1100-1104.DAI H,HU Y M,XIE J W,YUAN S Q,WANG C L.Suitable evaluation system of camellia planting based on GIS and matterelement model.Computer Engineering and Design,2014,35(3):1100-1104.(in Chinese)
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