鲜食葡萄化肥施用技术效率测算及空间特征分析
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摘要
为了定量测算我国鲜食葡萄生产中的化肥施用技术效率并探索其空间特征,首先构建了基于随机前沿分析的化肥施用技术效率测算模型和基于空间自相关的化肥施用技术效率空间特征分析方法,通过葡萄种植户的生产记录获得了连续5年的生产数据,并对不同栽培模式下葡萄生产的化肥施用技术效率进行了实证测算。研究结果显示:2011—2015年我国鲜食葡萄化肥施用技术效率分别为0.332、0.382、0.349、0.361、0.336,年度间变化幅度不大;露地栽培与设施栽培的5年化肥施用技术平均效率分别为0.390、0.313;新疆、山东、四川、云南、湖北等地的露地葡萄和设施葡萄2种栽培方式的化肥施用技术效率都相对较高;全局空间自相关分析通过了显著性检验且全局Moran’s I指数大于0。总体来看,我国鲜食葡萄生产的化肥施用技术效率不高,且近5年来没有明显提高趋势,露地栽培的化肥施用技术效率略高于设施栽培,各地化肥施用技术效率呈现正的空间相关性且呈现区域聚集特征,这启示我们应结合不同种植区和不同栽培模式的实际情况,优化化肥投入、提高化肥施用技术效率。
In order to quantitatively estimate the technical efficiency of chemical fertilizer application and explore its spatial characteristics in the production of table grape in China, and to provide support for increasing the fertilizer technical efficiency, we first identified the key inputs and outputs in the production of table grapes according to the actual production, and established a model to evaluate the technical efficiency of fertilizer application based on SFA and spatial characteristics based on spatial autocorrelation. The empirical data were obtained, and then the fertilizer technical efficiencies in different years, different areas and different cultivation patterns of table grape production were calculated. Finally, ArcGIS and OpenGeoDA software were adopted to explore the spatial distribution of fertilizer efficiency in different cultivation modes. The evaluation results that the chemical technical efficiency from 2011 to 2015 are 0.332, 0.382, 0.349, 0.361, 0.336, and there are little changes between years and years obviously. In general, the fertilizer technical efficiency of Chinese table grapes is relatively low. From the perspective of cultivation mode, the average fertilizer technical efficiency of open field grapes from 2011 to 2015 is 0.390 and the average of protected grapes is 0.313, it shows that the utilization efficiency of chemical fertilizer in open field grapes is higher than that of protected grapes. From the perspective of planting area, the fertilizer technical efficiency of both open-field grapes and protected grapes in Xinjiang, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan and Hubei are relatively higher. The results of global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there is a positive spatial correlation between fertilizer technical efficiencies, while the global Moran's I index is not high, which shows that there are differences among the provinces, but the differences are not significant. Overall, the chemical fertilizer technical efficiency for table grape production is not high, and there has been no significant increase in the past five years, so there is still much room to be promoted.
In order to quantitatively estimate the technical efficiency of chemical fertilizer application and explore its spatial characteristics in the production of table grape in China, and to provide support for increasing the fertilizer technical efficiency, we first identified the key inputs and outputs in the production of table grapes according to the actual production, and established a model to evaluate the technical efficiency of fertilizer application based on SFA and spatial characteristics based on spatial autocorrelation. The empirical data were obtained, and then the fertilizer technical efficiencies in different years, different areas and different cultivation patterns of table grape production were calculated. Finally, ArcGIS and OpenGeoDA software were adopted to explore the spatial distribution of fertilizer efficiency in different cultivation modes. The evaluation results that the chemical technical efficiency from 2011 to 2015 are 0.332, 0.382, 0.349, 0.361, 0.336, and there are little changes between years and years obviously. In general, the fertilizer technical efficiency of Chinese table grapes is relatively low. From the perspective of cultivation mode, the average fertilizer technical efficiency of open field grapes from 2011 to 2015 is 0.390 and the average of protected grapes is 0.313, it shows that the utilization efficiency of chemical fertilizer in open field grapes is higher than that of protected grapes. From the perspective of planting area, the fertilizer technical efficiency of both open-field grapes and protected grapes in Xinjiang, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan and Hubei are relatively higher. The results of global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there is a positive spatial correlation between fertilizer technical efficiencies, while the global Moran's I index is not high, which shows that there are differences among the provinces, but the differences are not significant. Overall, the chemical fertilizer technical efficiency for table grape production is not high, and there has been no significant increase in the past five years, so there is still much room to be promoted.
引文
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[12]李国龙,唐继伟,黄绍文,等.氮磷钾均衡管理对戈壁滩日光温室基质栽培秋冬茬番茄产量与养分吸收的影响.中国土壤与肥料,2015(2):49-56.
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[15]宋建群,徐智,汤利,等.不同有机肥对烤烟养分吸收及化肥施用技术效率的影响.云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,30(3):471-476.
[16]颜璐,马惠兰.棉农化肥施用技术效率及影响因子分析:基于莎车县农户调查数据的实证研究.浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2014,40(2):203-209.
[17]史常亮,朱俊峰,栾江.农户化肥施用技术效率及其影响因素分析:基于4省水稻种植户的调查数据.农林经济管理学报,2015(3):234-242.
[18]房丽萍,孟军.化肥施用对中国粮食产量的贡献率分析.中国农学通报,2013,29(17):156-160.
[19]林源,马骥.农户粮食生产中化肥施用的经济水平测算:以华北平原小麦种植户为例.农业技术经济,2013(1):25-31.
[20]唐冬梅.中国区域农业全要素化肥技术效率分析.特区经济,2012(11):155-157.
[21]李晶瑜.中国粮食生产的化肥利用效率及决定因素研究.合肥:合肥工业大学,2012.
[22]曹芳萍,沈小波.我国粮食生产全要素化肥效率研究.价格理论与实践,2012(2):26-27.
[23] Wu Y. Chemical fertilizer use efficiency and its determinants in China’s farmingsector.ChinaAgriculturalEconomicReview,2011,3(2):117-130.
[24]杨增旭,韩洪云.化肥施用技术效率及影响因素:基于小麦和玉米的实证分析.中国农业大学学报,2011,16(1):140-147.
[25]李静,李晶瑜.中国粮食生产的化肥施用技术效率及决定因素研究.农业现代化研究,2011,32(5):565-568.
[26]杨印生,吴才聪,马成林,等.基于数据包络分析的变量施肥技术经济分析.农机化研究,2004(4):127-131.
[27]李卫,薛彩霞,朱瑞祥,等.基于前沿面理论的中国农业机械生产配置效率分析.农业工程学报,2012,28(3):38-43.
[28] Griffith D A. Spatial autocorrelation:a primer. Association of American Geographers, 1987.
[29]AnselinL.Anintroductiontospatialautocorrelationanalysiswith Geoda.2003[2006-09-18].https://geodacenter.asu.edu/system/fil-es/sp auto_0.pdf.
[2]穆维松,冯建英.中国葡萄产业经济研究.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2010:1-4.
[3] Zhang F, Wang J, Zhang W, et al. Nutrient use efficiencies of major cereal crops in China and measures for improvement. Acta Pedagogical Sinica,2008, 45(5):915-924.
[4]朱宁,马骥.粮食生产中化肥施用技术效率的测算及其决定因素分析.技术经济,2014,33(9):91-96.
[5] Uri N D. Incorporating the environmental consequences in the fertilizer use decision. Science of the Total Environment, 1997, 201(2):99-111.
[6] Asai M, Reidsma P, Feng S Y. Impacts of agricultural land-use changes on biodiversityinTaihuLakeBasin,China:amulti-scalecause-effect approach considering multiple land-use functions. International Journal of BiodiversityScienceEcosystemServices&Management,2010,6(3-4):119-130.
[7]冯志文.化肥面源污染的评估及其对策分析.扬州:扬州大学,2010.
[8]张锋.中国化肥投入的面源污染问题研究:基于农户施用行为的视角.南京:南京农业大学,2011.
[9] Ahmed S, Humphreys E, Salim M, et al. Growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of dry-seeded rice as influenced by nitrogen and seed rates in Bangladesh. Field Crops Research, 2016,186:18-31.
[10] Thibbotuwawa M, Mugera A W. Fertilizer use efficiency of rice farms in Sri Lanka:A slack based DEA analysis. International Conference of Dea.2014.
[11]谭华,邹成林,郑德波,等.不同缓/控释肥料对玉米作用效应探讨.农业科技通讯,2014(1):50-55.
[12]李国龙,唐继伟,黄绍文,等.氮磷钾均衡管理对戈壁滩日光温室基质栽培秋冬茬番茄产量与养分吸收的影响.中国土壤与肥料,2015(2):49-56.
[13]李建勇,高俊杰,徐守国,等.化肥施用量对有机基质栽培番茄养分吸收利用的影响.中国生态农业学报,2011,19(3):602-606.
[14]宋小艺,徐坤,王忠宾,等.有机土基质栽培对生姜产量及氮磷钾利用效率的影响.中国蔬菜,2012(14):59-64.
[15]宋建群,徐智,汤利,等.不同有机肥对烤烟养分吸收及化肥施用技术效率的影响.云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,30(3):471-476.
[16]颜璐,马惠兰.棉农化肥施用技术效率及影响因子分析:基于莎车县农户调查数据的实证研究.浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2014,40(2):203-209.
[17]史常亮,朱俊峰,栾江.农户化肥施用技术效率及其影响因素分析:基于4省水稻种植户的调查数据.农林经济管理学报,2015(3):234-242.
[18]房丽萍,孟军.化肥施用对中国粮食产量的贡献率分析.中国农学通报,2013,29(17):156-160.
[19]林源,马骥.农户粮食生产中化肥施用的经济水平测算:以华北平原小麦种植户为例.农业技术经济,2013(1):25-31.
[20]唐冬梅.中国区域农业全要素化肥技术效率分析.特区经济,2012(11):155-157.
[21]李晶瑜.中国粮食生产的化肥利用效率及决定因素研究.合肥:合肥工业大学,2012.
[22]曹芳萍,沈小波.我国粮食生产全要素化肥效率研究.价格理论与实践,2012(2):26-27.
[23] Wu Y. Chemical fertilizer use efficiency and its determinants in China’s farmingsector.ChinaAgriculturalEconomicReview,2011,3(2):117-130.
[24]杨增旭,韩洪云.化肥施用技术效率及影响因素:基于小麦和玉米的实证分析.中国农业大学学报,2011,16(1):140-147.
[25]李静,李晶瑜.中国粮食生产的化肥施用技术效率及决定因素研究.农业现代化研究,2011,32(5):565-568.
[26]杨印生,吴才聪,马成林,等.基于数据包络分析的变量施肥技术经济分析.农机化研究,2004(4):127-131.
[27]李卫,薛彩霞,朱瑞祥,等.基于前沿面理论的中国农业机械生产配置效率分析.农业工程学报,2012,28(3):38-43.
[28] Griffith D A. Spatial autocorrelation:a primer. Association of American Geographers, 1987.
[29]AnselinL.Anintroductiontospatialautocorrelationanalysiswith Geoda.2003[2006-09-18].https://geodacenter.asu.edu/system/fil-es/sp auto_0.pdf.
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