水肥耦合对温室葡萄产量和水肥利用的影响
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摘要
为研究滴灌条件下水肥耦合对温室葡萄产量、水分利用效率以及肥料偏生产力的影响,以早熟葡萄品种"6-12"为研究对象,在陕北风沙区开展了不同水肥处理田间试验。灌水设置高水W1(3 810 m3/hm2)、中水W2(3 045m3/hm2)、低水W3(2 280 m3/hm2) 3个水平,施肥设置高肥F1(930 kg/hm2)、中肥F2(840 kg/hm2)、低肥F3(750 kg/hm2)3个水平,完全组合共9个处理,每个处理3个重复。结果表明:灌水量对葡萄产量、水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力的影响均大于施肥量的影响,施肥对肥料偏生产力的影响显著;葡萄产量、水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力均受到水肥交互作用的影响,在一定范围内增加水肥用量有利于产量和水肥利用率的提高,但过高的水肥供给会带来明显的负效应。建立了灌水量和施肥量与葡萄产量、水分利用效率以及肥料偏生产力之间的函数模型,均达到了显著水平,能够较好地反映水肥用量与葡萄产量、水分利用效率以及肥料偏生产力之间的关系。通过计算机模拟寻优,综合考虑葡萄产量、水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力的大小,得出适宜本地区温室葡萄栽培的水肥用量为:灌水量2 784～3 462 m3/hm2,施肥量784～893 kg/hm2。
In order to study the effects of water-fertilizer coupling on greenhouse grape yield,water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity under drip irrigation,taking the early maturing grape variety"6-12"as the research object,and field trials of different water and fertilizer treatments are conducted in the wind-sand area of northern Shaanxi. There are three irrigation levels with irrigation depth of W1( 3 810 m3/hm2),W2( 3 080 m3/hm2) and W3( 2 280 m3/hm2).Three fertilization levels including F1( 930 kg/hm2),F2( 840 kg/hm2),F3( 750 kg/hm2),and there were 9 treatments completely combined with 3 replicates per treatment. The results show that the effect of irrigation quantity on grape yield,water use efficiency,and partial productivity of fertilizer is more than that of fertilizer amount. Fertilizer had a significant effect on the partial productivity of fertilizer. Grape yield,water use efficiency,and partial productivity of fertilizer are affected by the interaction of water and fertilizer. Increasing the amount of water and fertilizer in the range is conducive to the increase of yield and utilization of water and fertilizer,but excessive water and fertilizer supply will bring about a significant negative effect. A functional model is established between irrigation quantity fertilizer amount and grape yield,water use efficiency,and partial productivity of fertilizers,which all reaches significant levels and can better reflect the relationship between water quantity and fertilizer amount and grape yield,water use efficiency,and fertilizer partial productivity. Through computer simulation and optimization,comprehensive consideration is given to grape yield,water use efficiency,and partial productivity of fertilizers. The appropriate amount of water and fertilizer for greenhouse grape cultivation in this region is: irrigation quantity 2 784 ～ 3 462 m3/hm2,and fertilization amount 784～893 kg/hm2.
In order to study the effects of water-fertilizer coupling on greenhouse grape yield,water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity under drip irrigation,taking the early maturing grape variety"6-12"as the research object,and field trials of different water and fertilizer treatments are conducted in the wind-sand area of northern Shaanxi. There are three irrigation levels with irrigation depth of W1( 3 810 m3/hm2),W2( 3 080 m3/hm2) and W3( 2 280 m3/hm2).Three fertilization levels including F1( 930 kg/hm2),F2( 840 kg/hm2),F3( 750 kg/hm2),and there were 9 treatments completely combined with 3 replicates per treatment. The results show that the effect of irrigation quantity on grape yield,water use efficiency,and partial productivity of fertilizer is more than that of fertilizer amount. Fertilizer had a significant effect on the partial productivity of fertilizer. Grape yield,water use efficiency,and partial productivity of fertilizer are affected by the interaction of water and fertilizer. Increasing the amount of water and fertilizer in the range is conducive to the increase of yield and utilization of water and fertilizer,but excessive water and fertilizer supply will bring about a significant negative effect. A functional model is established between irrigation quantity fertilizer amount and grape yield,water use efficiency,and partial productivity of fertilizers,which all reaches significant levels and can better reflect the relationship between water quantity and fertilizer amount and grape yield,water use efficiency,and fertilizer partial productivity. Through computer simulation and optimization,comprehensive consideration is given to grape yield,water use efficiency,and partial productivity of fertilizers. The appropriate amount of water and fertilizer for greenhouse grape cultivation in this region is: irrigation quantity 2 784 ～ 3 462 m3/hm2,and fertilization amount 784～893 kg/hm2.
引文
[1]孔庆山,刘崇怀,潘兴,等.国内外鲜食葡萄发展现状、趋势、问题与对策[J].中国农业信息快讯,2002,(7):3-6.
[2]杨艳芬,王全九,白云岗,等.极端干旱地区滴灌条件下葡萄生长发育特征[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(12):45-50.
[3]梁锦绣,马文艳,尚红莺,等.贺兰山东麓土壤水分运动及施肥对酿酒葡萄水分利用的影响[J].宁夏农林科技,2004,(4):1-5.
[4]王春辉,张宇霞,于红梅,等.局部根区灌溉水肥耦合效应的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(6):2 452-2 455.
[5]房玉林,孙伟,万力,等.调亏灌溉对酿酒葡萄生长及果实品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(13):2 730-2 738.
[6]张芮,成自勇,李毅,等.小管出流亏缺灌溉对设施延后栽培葡萄产量与品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(20):108-113.
[7] Ierna A,Pandino G,Lombardo S,et al. Tuber yield,water and fertilizer productivity in early potato as affected by a combination of irrigation and fertilization[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2011,101(1):35-41.
[8]王艳群,彭正萍,薛世川,等.过量施肥对设施农田土壤生态环境的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(s1):81-84.
[9]周淑清,刘丽霞,付时丰,等.化肥与农产品质量及过量施肥问题的探讨[J].农学学报,2006,(3):14-15.
[10] Marcelis L. Sink strength as a determinant of dry matter partitioning in the whole plant[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,1996,47(301):1 281-1 291.
[11]倪纪恒,罗卫红,李永秀,等.温室番茄干物质分配与产量的模拟分析[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(5):811-816.
[12]陈钢,吴礼树,李煜华,等.不同供磷水平对西瓜产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(6):1 189-1 192.
[13]李建明,潘铜华,王玲慧,等.水肥耦合对番茄光合、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(10):82-90.
[14]杨小振,张显,马建祥,等.滴灌施肥对大棚西瓜生长、产量及品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(7):109-118.
[15]王连君,王程翰,乔建磊,等.膜下滴灌水肥耦合对葡萄生长发育、产量和品质的影响[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(6):113-119.
[16]邢英英,张富仓,张燕,等.滴灌施肥水肥耦合对温室番茄产量、品质和水氮利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(4):713-726.
[17]姚静,邹志荣,杨猛,等.日光温室水肥耦合对甜瓜产量影响研究初探[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(5):890-894.
[18]孟兆江,刘安能,吴海卿.商丘试验区夏玉米节水高产水肥耦合数学模型与优化方案[J].灌溉排水学报,1997,(4):18-21.
[19]汪志农.灌溉排水工程学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[20]信?诠.计算农田蒸发的水量平衡法[J].干旱地区农业研究,1986,(2).
[21]肖自添,蒋卫杰,余宏军.作物水肥耦合效应研究进展[J].作物杂志,2007,(6):18-22.
[22]邢英英,张富仓,张燕,等.膜下滴灌水肥耦合促进番茄养分吸收及生长[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(21):70-80.
[23]张洁瑕.高寒半干旱区蔬菜水肥耦合效应及硝酸盐限量指标的研究[D].河北保定:河北农业大学,2003.
[24] Erdem T,Arin L,Erdem Y,et al. Yield and quality response of drip irrigated broccoli(Brassica oleracea L. var. italica)under different irrigation regimes,nitrogen applications and cultivation periods[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2010,97(5):681-688.
[25]马忠明,杜少平,薛亮.滴灌施肥条件下砂田设施甜瓜的水肥耦合效应[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(11):2 164-2 173.
[26]吴海卿,杨传福,孟兆江,等.以肥调水提高水分利用效率的生物学机制研究[J].灌溉排水学报,1998,(4):6-10.
[27]罗盼盼,聂立水,辛颖,等.水氮耦合对三倍体毛白杨无性系BT17叶片养分的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(11):2 949-2 954.
[28]彭致功,杨培岭,段爱旺,等.不同水分处理对番茄产量性状及其生理机制的效应[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(8):191-191.
[29] Darwish T M,Atallah T W,Hajhasan S,et al. Nitrogen and water use efficiency of fertigated processing potato[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2006,85(1):95-104.
[30] Fabeiro C,Olalla F M D S,Juan J A D. Yield and size of deficit irrigated potatoes[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2001,48(3):255-266.
[31] Kashyap P S,Panda R K. Effect of irrigation scheduling on potato crop parameters under water stressed conditions[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2003,59(1):49-66.
[32]于坤,郁松林,许雯博,等.干旱区膜下滴灌不同灌水和施氮水平对‘赤霞珠’葡萄幼苗氮素代谢和根系发育的影响[J].果树学报,2013,30(6):975-982.
[33] Hebbar S S,Ramachandrappa B K,Nanjappa H V,et al. Studies on NPK drip fertigation in field grown tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.).[J]. European Journal of Agronomy,2004,21(1):117-127.
[34] Thompson T L,Doerge T A,Godin R E. Nitrogen and water interactions in subsurface drip-irrigated cauliflower:II. Agronomic,economic,and environmental outcomes.[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,2000,64(1):406.
[35] Di P E,Michele R. Yield response of corn to irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in a Mediterranean environment[J]. Field Crops Research,2008,105(3):202-210.
[2]杨艳芬,王全九,白云岗,等.极端干旱地区滴灌条件下葡萄生长发育特征[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(12):45-50.
[3]梁锦绣,马文艳,尚红莺,等.贺兰山东麓土壤水分运动及施肥对酿酒葡萄水分利用的影响[J].宁夏农林科技,2004,(4):1-5.
[4]王春辉,张宇霞,于红梅,等.局部根区灌溉水肥耦合效应的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(6):2 452-2 455.
[5]房玉林,孙伟,万力,等.调亏灌溉对酿酒葡萄生长及果实品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(13):2 730-2 738.
[6]张芮,成自勇,李毅,等.小管出流亏缺灌溉对设施延后栽培葡萄产量与品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(20):108-113.
[7] Ierna A,Pandino G,Lombardo S,et al. Tuber yield,water and fertilizer productivity in early potato as affected by a combination of irrigation and fertilization[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2011,101(1):35-41.
[8]王艳群,彭正萍,薛世川,等.过量施肥对设施农田土壤生态环境的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(s1):81-84.
[9]周淑清,刘丽霞,付时丰,等.化肥与农产品质量及过量施肥问题的探讨[J].农学学报,2006,(3):14-15.
[10] Marcelis L. Sink strength as a determinant of dry matter partitioning in the whole plant[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,1996,47(301):1 281-1 291.
[11]倪纪恒,罗卫红,李永秀,等.温室番茄干物质分配与产量的模拟分析[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(5):811-816.
[12]陈钢,吴礼树,李煜华,等.不同供磷水平对西瓜产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(6):1 189-1 192.
[13]李建明,潘铜华,王玲慧,等.水肥耦合对番茄光合、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(10):82-90.
[14]杨小振,张显,马建祥,等.滴灌施肥对大棚西瓜生长、产量及品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(7):109-118.
[15]王连君,王程翰,乔建磊,等.膜下滴灌水肥耦合对葡萄生长发育、产量和品质的影响[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(6):113-119.
[16]邢英英,张富仓,张燕,等.滴灌施肥水肥耦合对温室番茄产量、品质和水氮利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(4):713-726.
[17]姚静,邹志荣,杨猛,等.日光温室水肥耦合对甜瓜产量影响研究初探[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(5):890-894.
[18]孟兆江,刘安能,吴海卿.商丘试验区夏玉米节水高产水肥耦合数学模型与优化方案[J].灌溉排水学报,1997,(4):18-21.
[19]汪志农.灌溉排水工程学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[20]信?诠.计算农田蒸发的水量平衡法[J].干旱地区农业研究,1986,(2).
[21]肖自添,蒋卫杰,余宏军.作物水肥耦合效应研究进展[J].作物杂志,2007,(6):18-22.
[22]邢英英,张富仓,张燕,等.膜下滴灌水肥耦合促进番茄养分吸收及生长[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(21):70-80.
[23]张洁瑕.高寒半干旱区蔬菜水肥耦合效应及硝酸盐限量指标的研究[D].河北保定:河北农业大学,2003.
[24] Erdem T,Arin L,Erdem Y,et al. Yield and quality response of drip irrigated broccoli(Brassica oleracea L. var. italica)under different irrigation regimes,nitrogen applications and cultivation periods[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2010,97(5):681-688.
[25]马忠明,杜少平,薛亮.滴灌施肥条件下砂田设施甜瓜的水肥耦合效应[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(11):2 164-2 173.
[26]吴海卿,杨传福,孟兆江,等.以肥调水提高水分利用效率的生物学机制研究[J].灌溉排水学报,1998,(4):6-10.
[27]罗盼盼,聂立水,辛颖,等.水氮耦合对三倍体毛白杨无性系BT17叶片养分的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(11):2 949-2 954.
[28]彭致功,杨培岭,段爱旺,等.不同水分处理对番茄产量性状及其生理机制的效应[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(8):191-191.
[29] Darwish T M,Atallah T W,Hajhasan S,et al. Nitrogen and water use efficiency of fertigated processing potato[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2006,85(1):95-104.
[30] Fabeiro C,Olalla F M D S,Juan J A D. Yield and size of deficit irrigated potatoes[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2001,48(3):255-266.
[31] Kashyap P S,Panda R K. Effect of irrigation scheduling on potato crop parameters under water stressed conditions[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2003,59(1):49-66.
[32]于坤,郁松林,许雯博,等.干旱区膜下滴灌不同灌水和施氮水平对‘赤霞珠’葡萄幼苗氮素代谢和根系发育的影响[J].果树学报,2013,30(6):975-982.
[33] Hebbar S S,Ramachandrappa B K,Nanjappa H V,et al. Studies on NPK drip fertigation in field grown tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.).[J]. European Journal of Agronomy,2004,21(1):117-127.
[34] Thompson T L,Doerge T A,Godin R E. Nitrogen and water interactions in subsurface drip-irrigated cauliflower:II. Agronomic,economic,and environmental outcomes.[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,2000,64(1):406.
[35] Di P E,Michele R. Yield response of corn to irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in a Mediterranean environment[J]. Field Crops Research,2008,105(3):202-210.
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