封育对荒漠草原土壤有机碳及其活性组分的影响
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摘要
以空间序列代替时间序列的方法,选取未封育、封育3、5、7及10年的荒漠草原为对象,研究封育对荒漠草原土壤总有机碳、颗粒有机碳、水溶性有机碳和易氧化有机碳的影响。结果表明:封育对5～10cm、10～20cm和20～40cm土层总有机碳影响显著(P<0.05),其含量随封育年限的延长总体呈增加的趋势,分布范围为2.24～4.52g·kg-1,以封育7和10年的荒漠草原较高。封育对荒漠草原土壤颗粒有机碳无显著影响(P>0.05);可溶性有机碳含量在0～5cm、5～10cm和20～40cm土层随封育年限的延长呈先下降后上升的趋势,均以未封育荒漠草原最高,分别为0.59,0.49和0.56g·kg-1,封育5和7年的荒漠草原较低;易氧化有机碳含量以封育7年的荒漠草原较高,总含量为2.48g·kg-1。封育7年是退化荒漠草原自然恢复演替过程中的一个转折。
This experiment used spatially distributed sites which had been fenced for 0,3,5,7and 10 years in desert steppe grassland in Yanchi County of Ningxia,to form a time series,for field and laboratory study of soil C dynamics.Variables measured included:total soil organic carbon(SOC),soil particulate organic carbon,soil dissolved organic carbon and soil readily oxidizable organic carbon for 10 cm increments of soil depth to 40 cm at each site.The results revealed significant differences(P<0.05)in total organic carbon at 5-10 cm,10-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil depth,linked to the number of years of grazing exclusion.The SOC content ranged from 2.24g·kg-1 to 4.52g·kg-1,and in general increased with increased enclosure time.Thus,values were higher in desert steppe grasslands of 7and 10 years grazing exclusion.There were no significant effects of grazing exclusion on soil particulate organic carbon(P>0.05).The contents of soil dissolved organic carbon were highest in grazed grassland(0.59,0.49 and 0.56g·kg-1,respectively,for 0-5cm,5-10 cm and 20-40 cm soil depths).Values decreased initially after grazing exclusion,(with lowest values recorded after 5-7years),and then increased with longer duration of exclusion.The soil readily oxidizable organic carbon content was highest(2.48g·kg-1)in desert steppe grassland subject to 7years grazing exclusion.In summary,7years is a recovery point in the process of natural restoration and succession of degraded desert steppe by grazing exclusion.
This experiment used spatially distributed sites which had been fenced for 0,3,5,7and 10 years in desert steppe grassland in Yanchi County of Ningxia,to form a time series,for field and laboratory study of soil C dynamics.Variables measured included:total soil organic carbon(SOC),soil particulate organic carbon,soil dissolved organic carbon and soil readily oxidizable organic carbon for 10 cm increments of soil depth to 40 cm at each site.The results revealed significant differences(P<0.05)in total organic carbon at 5-10 cm,10-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil depth,linked to the number of years of grazing exclusion.The SOC content ranged from 2.24g·kg-1 to 4.52g·kg-1,and in general increased with increased enclosure time.Thus,values were higher in desert steppe grasslands of 7and 10 years grazing exclusion.There were no significant effects of grazing exclusion on soil particulate organic carbon(P>0.05).The contents of soil dissolved organic carbon were highest in grazed grassland(0.59,0.49 and 0.56g·kg-1,respectively,for 0-5cm,5-10 cm and 20-40 cm soil depths).Values decreased initially after grazing exclusion,(with lowest values recorded after 5-7years),and then increased with longer duration of exclusion.The soil readily oxidizable organic carbon content was highest(2.48g·kg-1)in desert steppe grassland subject to 7years grazing exclusion.In summary,7years is a recovery point in the process of natural restoration and succession of degraded desert steppe by grazing exclusion.
引文
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[10] Saggar S,Yeates G W,Sheperd T G.Cultivation effects on soil biological properties,micro fauna and organic matter dynamics in Eutric Gleyso land Gleyic Luvisol soils in New Zealand.Soil and Tillage Research,2001,58(1):55-68.
[11] Hu Y,Xie Y Z,Xu D M.Effects of enclosure on soil physical properties and soil organic carbon of desert-steppe in Ningxia.Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2016,37(2):5-7.胡钥,谢应忠,许冬梅.封育对宁夏荒漠草原土壤物理性质和有机碳的影响.农业科学研究,2016,37(2):5-7.
[12] Zhang J J,Xu D M.Sniche characteristics of dominant plant populations in desert steppe of Ningxia with different enclosure times.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2013,21(1):73-78.张晶晶,许冬梅.宁夏荒漠草原不同封育年限优势种群的生态位特征.草地学报,2013,21(1):73-78.
[13] Wang G H,Wang J J,Tao L B,et al.Effects of enclosure on soil aggregate distribution and stability of dessert steppe in Ningxia.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2017,25(1):76-81.王国会,王建军,陶利波,等.围封对宁夏荒漠草原土壤团聚体组成及其稳定性的影响.草地学报,2017,25(1):76-81.
[14] Han L,Zhang Y L,Jin S,et al.Effect of different irrigation patterns on soil dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon in protected field.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(8):1625-1633.韩琳,张玉龙,金烁,等.灌溉模式对保护地土壤可溶性有机碳与微生物量碳的影响.中国农业科学,2010,43(8):1625-1633.
[15] Yi Y L.Soil physical research.Beijing:Beijing University Press,2009.依艳丽.土壤物理研究法.北京:北京大学出版社,2009.
[16] Xiao S S,Dong Y S,Qi Y C,et al.Advance in responses of soil organic carbon pool of grassland ecosystem to human effects and global changes.Advances in Earth Science,2009,24(10):1138-1148.肖胜生,董云社,齐玉春,等.草地生态系统土壤有机碳库对人为干扰和全球变化的响应研究进展.地球科学进展,2009,24(10):1138-1148.
[17] Berger T W,Neubauer C,Glatzel G.Factors controlling soil carbon and nitrogen stores in pure stands of Norway spruce(Picea abies)and mixed species stands in Austria.Forest Ecology&Management,2002,(1):3-14.
[18] Wang C Y,Zhang J J,LüY L,et al.Effects of long-term grazing exclusion on soil organic carbon fractions in the grasslands of Inner Mongolia.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(5):31-39.王春燕,张晋京,吕瑜良,等.长期封育对内蒙古羊草草地土壤有机碳组分的影响.草业学报,2014,23(5):31-39.
[19] Zhou Y,Ma H B,Jia X Y,et al.Effects of different restoration measures on storage of soil organic carbon and nitrogen in typical steppe of the loess hilly area in Ningxia.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(12):236-242.周瑶,马红彬,贾希洋,等.不同恢复措施对宁夏典型草原土壤碳氮储量的影响.草业学报,2017,26(12):236-242.
[20] Yu W T,Ma Q,Zhao X,et al.Changes of soil active organic carbon pool under different land use types.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2007,26(12):2013-2016.宇万太,马强,赵鑫,等.不同土地利用类型下土壤活性有机碳库的变化.生态学杂志,2007,26(12):2013-2016.
[21] Gu F X,Pan X L,Pan B R,et al.Changing of eolian soil fertility in central Taklimakan desert under impact of artificial vegetation.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2002,22(8):1179-1188.顾峰雪,潘晓玲,潘伯荣,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工植被土壤肥力变化.生态学报,2002,22(8):1179-1188.
[22] Cambardella C A,Elliott E T.Particulate soil organic-matter changes across a grassland cultivation sequence.Soil Science Society of America Journal,1992,56(3):777-783.
[23] Conant R T,Six J,Paustian K.Land use effects on soil carbon fractions in the southeastern United States.I.Managementintensive versus extensive grazing.Biology and Fertility of Soils,2003,38:386-392.
[24] Guan G Y.Study on the diversity of alpine meadow community and the characteristics of soil active organic carbon library.Urumchi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2015.管光玉.不同利用方式高寒草地群落多样性及土壤活性有机碳库特征研究.乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2015.
[25] Guan G Y,Fan Y M,Wu H Q,et al.Effects of fencing on soil active organic carbon and carbon pool management index in mountain meadow steppe.Pratacultural Science,2014,31(9):1618-1622.管光玉,范燕敏,武红旗,等.封育对山地草甸草原土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响.草业科学,2014,31(9):1618-1622.
[2] Xu X Z,Xu D M.Evaluation on ecological effects during natural restoration for desert steppe in Ningxia.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(23):11781-11783.许新忠,许冬梅.宁夏荒漠草原自然恢复演替过程中生态效应的评价.安徽农业科学,2012,40(23):11781-11783.
[3] Feng R.Types of ecologically vulnerable environment types and fragility rating in eastern Ningxia.Yinchuan:Ningxia People's Publishing House,2004:3-8.冯锐.宁夏东部生态脆弱环境类型划分及脆弱等级评价.银川:宁夏人民出版社,2004:3-8.
[4] Ma H B,Wang N.A study on effects of enclosing on fencing natural grassland in Yanchi County of Ningxia.Prataculture&Animal Husbandry,2004,(12):25-26.马红彬,王宁.宁夏盐池县草原围栏封育效果.草业与畜牧,2004,(12):25-26.
[5] Zhang Y J,Sun Y,An S Z.Influences of enclosure on the growth of sagebrush desert-Seriphidium transiliense.Xinjiang Agricultural Science,2016,53(11):2119-2126.张勇娟,孙燕,安沙舟.围栏封育对蒿类荒漠建群种伊犁绢蒿生长的影响.新疆农业科学,2016,53(11):2119-2126.
[6] Wang H,Wang H,Huang R,et al.Effects of different exclosure management on soil and plant characteristics of sandy grassland.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(6):15-22.王蕙,王辉,黄蓉,等.不同封育管理对沙质草地土壤与植被特征的影响.草业学报,2012,21(6):15-22.
[7] Pan G X,Zhao Q G,Cai Z C.Issues on C cycling studies of cropland soils of China in commitment to Kyoto Protocol.China Basic Science,2005,7(2):12-18.潘根兴,赵其国,蔡祖聪.《京都议定书》生效后我国耕地土壤碳循环研究若干问题.中国基础科学,2005,7(2):12-18.
[8] Meng F Q,Kuang X,Zhang X,et al.The impact of land use change and cultivation measures on light fraction organic carbon sand and particle organic carbon.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2009,28(12):2512-2519.孟凡乔,况星,张轩,等.土地利用方式和栽培措施对农田土壤不同组分有机碳的影响.农业环境科学学报,2009,28(12):2512-2519.
[9] Wu T Y,Li F M,Schoenau J J,et al.Soil particle size fractionation with centrifugation method.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(3):477-481.武天云,李凤民,Schoenau J J,等.利用离心法进行土壤粒颗分级.应用生态学报,2004,15(3):477-481.
[10] Saggar S,Yeates G W,Sheperd T G.Cultivation effects on soil biological properties,micro fauna and organic matter dynamics in Eutric Gleyso land Gleyic Luvisol soils in New Zealand.Soil and Tillage Research,2001,58(1):55-68.
[11] Hu Y,Xie Y Z,Xu D M.Effects of enclosure on soil physical properties and soil organic carbon of desert-steppe in Ningxia.Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2016,37(2):5-7.胡钥,谢应忠,许冬梅.封育对宁夏荒漠草原土壤物理性质和有机碳的影响.农业科学研究,2016,37(2):5-7.
[12] Zhang J J,Xu D M.Sniche characteristics of dominant plant populations in desert steppe of Ningxia with different enclosure times.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2013,21(1):73-78.张晶晶,许冬梅.宁夏荒漠草原不同封育年限优势种群的生态位特征.草地学报,2013,21(1):73-78.
[13] Wang G H,Wang J J,Tao L B,et al.Effects of enclosure on soil aggregate distribution and stability of dessert steppe in Ningxia.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2017,25(1):76-81.王国会,王建军,陶利波,等.围封对宁夏荒漠草原土壤团聚体组成及其稳定性的影响.草地学报,2017,25(1):76-81.
[14] Han L,Zhang Y L,Jin S,et al.Effect of different irrigation patterns on soil dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon in protected field.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(8):1625-1633.韩琳,张玉龙,金烁,等.灌溉模式对保护地土壤可溶性有机碳与微生物量碳的影响.中国农业科学,2010,43(8):1625-1633.
[15] Yi Y L.Soil physical research.Beijing:Beijing University Press,2009.依艳丽.土壤物理研究法.北京:北京大学出版社,2009.
[16] Xiao S S,Dong Y S,Qi Y C,et al.Advance in responses of soil organic carbon pool of grassland ecosystem to human effects and global changes.Advances in Earth Science,2009,24(10):1138-1148.肖胜生,董云社,齐玉春,等.草地生态系统土壤有机碳库对人为干扰和全球变化的响应研究进展.地球科学进展,2009,24(10):1138-1148.
[17] Berger T W,Neubauer C,Glatzel G.Factors controlling soil carbon and nitrogen stores in pure stands of Norway spruce(Picea abies)and mixed species stands in Austria.Forest Ecology&Management,2002,(1):3-14.
[18] Wang C Y,Zhang J J,LüY L,et al.Effects of long-term grazing exclusion on soil organic carbon fractions in the grasslands of Inner Mongolia.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(5):31-39.王春燕,张晋京,吕瑜良,等.长期封育对内蒙古羊草草地土壤有机碳组分的影响.草业学报,2014,23(5):31-39.
[19] Zhou Y,Ma H B,Jia X Y,et al.Effects of different restoration measures on storage of soil organic carbon and nitrogen in typical steppe of the loess hilly area in Ningxia.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(12):236-242.周瑶,马红彬,贾希洋,等.不同恢复措施对宁夏典型草原土壤碳氮储量的影响.草业学报,2017,26(12):236-242.
[20] Yu W T,Ma Q,Zhao X,et al.Changes of soil active organic carbon pool under different land use types.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2007,26(12):2013-2016.宇万太,马强,赵鑫,等.不同土地利用类型下土壤活性有机碳库的变化.生态学杂志,2007,26(12):2013-2016.
[21] Gu F X,Pan X L,Pan B R,et al.Changing of eolian soil fertility in central Taklimakan desert under impact of artificial vegetation.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2002,22(8):1179-1188.顾峰雪,潘晓玲,潘伯荣,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工植被土壤肥力变化.生态学报,2002,22(8):1179-1188.
[22] Cambardella C A,Elliott E T.Particulate soil organic-matter changes across a grassland cultivation sequence.Soil Science Society of America Journal,1992,56(3):777-783.
[23] Conant R T,Six J,Paustian K.Land use effects on soil carbon fractions in the southeastern United States.I.Managementintensive versus extensive grazing.Biology and Fertility of Soils,2003,38:386-392.
[24] Guan G Y.Study on the diversity of alpine meadow community and the characteristics of soil active organic carbon library.Urumchi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2015.管光玉.不同利用方式高寒草地群落多样性及土壤活性有机碳库特征研究.乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2015.
[25] Guan G Y,Fan Y M,Wu H Q,et al.Effects of fencing on soil active organic carbon and carbon pool management index in mountain meadow steppe.Pratacultural Science,2014,31(9):1618-1622.管光玉,范燕敏,武红旗,等.封育对山地草甸草原土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响.草业科学,2014,31(9):1618-1622.