井旁裂缝的双侧向测井物理模拟及特征分析
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摘要
为深入认识裂缝性地层的双侧向测井响应特征,指导裂缝识别及裂缝参数表征,基于数值仿真开展了井旁裂缝的缩小比例物理模拟.在物理模拟平台构建的基础上,用不同浓度的氯化钠溶液模拟基岩,用不同宽度的镀锌板来模拟高导裂缝,实现测量过程的可视化.通过实验分析井旁裂缝的规模、发育位置和产状等因素对深、浅侧向电阻率的影响.研究表明:在仪器有效探测范围内,垂直缝延伸长度对深浅侧向电阻率的数值影响较小;裂缝离井壁越远,双侧向电阻率明显增大,但深浅侧向电阻率值的降低幅度不同;随着裂缝倾角增大,深侧向电阻率增大,浅侧向电阻率无明显变化,深浅侧向电阻率从负幅度差向正幅度差过渡,但临界角的观测十分困难,应用双侧向测井判断地层产状时,需特别注意其适用条件.
We developed a scaling-down proportional physical simulation on the near borehole fractures based on the numerical results to investigate the response characteristics of dual lateral log in fractured reservoirs,aiming to improve the precision of the fracture identification and parameter characterization.Based on the physical simulation platform,the bedrock was simulated with sodium chloride solution of different concentrations,and the high conductive fractures were simulated with galvanized sheets of different widths,to make the measurement process visible.The effects of the scales,fracture location,and occurrence of near borehole fractures on dual lateral resistivity are analyzed via comparative experiments.The results show that the fracturescale has little effect on the value of dual lateral resistivity,while has a direct relationship with the amplitude of dual lateral resistivity in the effective detection range of the instrument;the farther away from the borehole,the higher of the dual lateral resistivity.But the reduction extents of shallow and deep resistivity are different.The deep lateral resistivity is positively correlated with the fracture dip,but the shallow lateral resistivity does not change obviously.With the increase of the fracture dip,the difference between the deep and the shallow lateral resistivity transits from the negative value to the positive value,it is hard to observe the critical dip.The phenomenon indicates that it is necessary to pay special attention to the applicable conditions of the dual lateral log to judge the formation occurrence.
We developed a scaling-down proportional physical simulation on the near borehole fractures based on the numerical results to investigate the response characteristics of dual lateral log in fractured reservoirs,aiming to improve the precision of the fracture identification and parameter characterization.Based on the physical simulation platform,the bedrock was simulated with sodium chloride solution of different concentrations,and the high conductive fractures were simulated with galvanized sheets of different widths,to make the measurement process visible.The effects of the scales,fracture location,and occurrence of near borehole fractures on dual lateral resistivity are analyzed via comparative experiments.The results show that the fracturescale has little effect on the value of dual lateral resistivity,while has a direct relationship with the amplitude of dual lateral resistivity in the effective detection range of the instrument;the farther away from the borehole,the higher of the dual lateral resistivity.But the reduction extents of shallow and deep resistivity are different.The deep lateral resistivity is positively correlated with the fracture dip,but the shallow lateral resistivity does not change obviously.With the increase of the fracture dip,the difference between the deep and the shallow lateral resistivity transits from the negative value to the positive value,it is hard to observe the critical dip.The phenomenon indicates that it is necessary to pay special attention to the applicable conditions of the dual lateral log to judge the formation occurrence.
引文
Chew W C,Nie Z P,Liu Q H,et al.1991.An efficient solution for the response of electrical well logging tools in a complex environment.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,29(2):308-313.
Fan Y R,Jiang J L,Deng S G,et al.2009.Numerical simulation of high resolution array lateral logging responses.Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),33(4):333-336.
Fan Y R,Wang L,Ge X M,et al.2016.Response simulation and corresponding analysis of dual laterolog in cavernous reservoirs.Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),43(2):237-243.
Gao J,Xie R H.2000.3D numerical forward modeling and fast correction of dual-laterolog for high angle deviated wells.Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),27(2):69-71.
Gao J,Liu C Q,Wan J B.2012.Effect factors on critical angle of dual laterolog responses in fractured reservoir.Logging Technology(in Chinese),36(5):456-459.
Ke S Z,Feng Q N,Shang Z Y.1996.Experimental instrument for physical analogy of dual laterolog.Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),20(4):282-286.
Ke S Z,Feng Q N,Yuan X H,et al.2003.On scale modeling of dual laterolog responses to fractured formation.Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),27(5):253-355.
Li D Q,Zheng S M,Tan Y J.1980.Application of Finite Element Method in Electric Well Logging(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press.
Li N,Qiao D X,Li Q F,et al.2009.Theory on logging interpretation of igneous rocks and its application.Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),36(6):683-692.
Nie Z P,Chen S Y.1994.The numerical analysis for the response of dual lateral logging tool in a complex environment.Acta Electronica Sinica(in Chinese),22(6):30-38.
Pan X P.2012.Numerical simulation of dual laterolog in carbonate fractured reservoir[Master′s thesis](in Chinese).Hubei,Jingzhou:Yangtze University.
Qiao D X,Li N,Wei Z L,et al.2005.Calibrating fracture width using circumferential borehole image logging data from model
wells.Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),32(1):76-79.
Sima L Q.2005.Study on comprehensive evaluation method and application of carbonate fractured reservoir[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University.
Tan M J,Gao J,Wang X C,et al.2011.Numerical simulation of the dual laterolog for carbonate cave reservoirs and response characteristics.Applied Geophysics,8(1):79-85.
Tan M J,Gao J,Zou Y L,et al.2012.Environment correction method of dual laterolog in directional well.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(4):1422-1432,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.04.038.
Yang F,Nie Z P.1997.A precise numerical simulation of DLLlogging response.Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),21(4):265-268.
Zhao L X,Bu Y.1994.Logging Evaluation of Carbonate Reservoir(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press.
范宜仁,蒋建亮,邓少贵等.2009.高分辨率阵列侧向测井响应数值模拟.测井技术,33(4):333-336.
范宜仁,王磊,葛新民等.2016.洞穴型地层双侧向测井响应模拟与特征分析.石油勘探与开发,43(2):237-243.
高杰,谢然红.2000.大斜度井侧向测井三维正演数值模拟及曲线快速校正方法研究.石油勘探与开发,27(2):69-71.
高杰,刘传奇,万金彬.2012.裂缝性储层双侧向测井响应临界角影响因素分析.测井技术,36(5):456-459.
柯式镇,冯启宁,尚作源.1996.双侧向测井物理模拟实验仪器.测井技术,20(4):282-286.
柯式镇,冯启宁,袁秀荷等.2003.裂缝地层双侧向测井响应物理模拟研究.测井技术,27(5):253-355.
李大潜,郑宋穆,谭永基.1980.有限元素在电法测井中的应用.北京:石油工业出版社.
李宁,乔德新,李庆峰等.2009.火山岩测井解释理论与应用.石油勘探与开发,36(6):683-692.
聂在平,陈思渊.1994.复杂介质环境中双侧向测井响应的高效数值分析.电子学报,22(6):30-38.
潘秀萍.2012.碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层双侧向测井数值模拟[硕士论文].湖北荆州:长江大学.
乔德新,李宁,尉中良等.2005.利用模拟井研究用声波成像资料计算裂缝宽度问题.石油勘探与开发,32(1):76-79.
司马立强.2005.碳酸盐岩缝-洞性储层测井综合评价方法及应用研究[博士论文].成都:西南石油大学.
谭茂金,高杰,邹友龙等.2012.盐水泥浆条件下定向井双侧向测井环境校正方法研究.地球物理学报,55(4):1422-1432,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.04.038.
杨峰,聂在平.1997.双侧向电极系测井响应的精确模拟.测井技术,21(4):265-268.
赵良孝,补勇.1994.碳酸盐岩储层测井评价技术.北京:石油工业出版社.
Fan Y R,Jiang J L,Deng S G,et al.2009.Numerical simulation of high resolution array lateral logging responses.Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),33(4):333-336.
Fan Y R,Wang L,Ge X M,et al.2016.Response simulation and corresponding analysis of dual laterolog in cavernous reservoirs.Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),43(2):237-243.
Gao J,Xie R H.2000.3D numerical forward modeling and fast correction of dual-laterolog for high angle deviated wells.Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),27(2):69-71.
Gao J,Liu C Q,Wan J B.2012.Effect factors on critical angle of dual laterolog responses in fractured reservoir.Logging Technology(in Chinese),36(5):456-459.
Ke S Z,Feng Q N,Shang Z Y.1996.Experimental instrument for physical analogy of dual laterolog.Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),20(4):282-286.
Ke S Z,Feng Q N,Yuan X H,et al.2003.On scale modeling of dual laterolog responses to fractured formation.Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),27(5):253-355.
Li D Q,Zheng S M,Tan Y J.1980.Application of Finite Element Method in Electric Well Logging(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press.
Li N,Qiao D X,Li Q F,et al.2009.Theory on logging interpretation of igneous rocks and its application.Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),36(6):683-692.
Nie Z P,Chen S Y.1994.The numerical analysis for the response of dual lateral logging tool in a complex environment.Acta Electronica Sinica(in Chinese),22(6):30-38.
Pan X P.2012.Numerical simulation of dual laterolog in carbonate fractured reservoir[Master′s thesis](in Chinese).Hubei,Jingzhou:Yangtze University.
Qiao D X,Li N,Wei Z L,et al.2005.Calibrating fracture width using circumferential borehole image logging data from model
wells.Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),32(1):76-79.
Sima L Q.2005.Study on comprehensive evaluation method and application of carbonate fractured reservoir[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University.
Tan M J,Gao J,Wang X C,et al.2011.Numerical simulation of the dual laterolog for carbonate cave reservoirs and response characteristics.Applied Geophysics,8(1):79-85.
Tan M J,Gao J,Zou Y L,et al.2012.Environment correction method of dual laterolog in directional well.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(4):1422-1432,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.04.038.
Yang F,Nie Z P.1997.A precise numerical simulation of DLLlogging response.Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),21(4):265-268.
Zhao L X,Bu Y.1994.Logging Evaluation of Carbonate Reservoir(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press.
范宜仁,蒋建亮,邓少贵等.2009.高分辨率阵列侧向测井响应数值模拟.测井技术,33(4):333-336.
范宜仁,王磊,葛新民等.2016.洞穴型地层双侧向测井响应模拟与特征分析.石油勘探与开发,43(2):237-243.
高杰,谢然红.2000.大斜度井侧向测井三维正演数值模拟及曲线快速校正方法研究.石油勘探与开发,27(2):69-71.
高杰,刘传奇,万金彬.2012.裂缝性储层双侧向测井响应临界角影响因素分析.测井技术,36(5):456-459.
柯式镇,冯启宁,尚作源.1996.双侧向测井物理模拟实验仪器.测井技术,20(4):282-286.
柯式镇,冯启宁,袁秀荷等.2003.裂缝地层双侧向测井响应物理模拟研究.测井技术,27(5):253-355.
李大潜,郑宋穆,谭永基.1980.有限元素在电法测井中的应用.北京:石油工业出版社.
李宁,乔德新,李庆峰等.2009.火山岩测井解释理论与应用.石油勘探与开发,36(6):683-692.
聂在平,陈思渊.1994.复杂介质环境中双侧向测井响应的高效数值分析.电子学报,22(6):30-38.
潘秀萍.2012.碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层双侧向测井数值模拟[硕士论文].湖北荆州:长江大学.
乔德新,李宁,尉中良等.2005.利用模拟井研究用声波成像资料计算裂缝宽度问题.石油勘探与开发,32(1):76-79.
司马立强.2005.碳酸盐岩缝-洞性储层测井综合评价方法及应用研究[博士论文].成都:西南石油大学.
谭茂金,高杰,邹友龙等.2012.盐水泥浆条件下定向井双侧向测井环境校正方法研究.地球物理学报,55(4):1422-1432,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.04.038.
杨峰,聂在平.1997.双侧向电极系测井响应的精确模拟.测井技术,21(4):265-268.
赵良孝,补勇.1994.碳酸盐岩储层测井评价技术.北京:石油工业出版社.
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