中国中新元古代重要沉积地质事件及其意义
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摘要
地球曾经历了3次超大陆演化过程,其中2次超大陆(哥伦比亚(Columbia)和罗迪尼亚(Rodinia))旋回涉及中新元古代,并与一系列区域性事件相联系,形成了多成因的超大陆演化模型。华北中东部新元古代沉积事件、扬子和塔里木新元古代裂谷事件、雪球事件等都被视为Rodinia超大陆的裂解响应,它们对定时三大陆块相互关系及定位其在全球超大陆的位置具有至关重要的作用,也反映了重要沉积地质事件在超大陆研究中不可或缺的作用和意义。此外,在中新元古代的Columbia和Rodinia超大陆演化过程中,还伴随发育具有广泛区域性甚至全球意义的巨厚白云岩与碳酸盐岩微生物(岩)、红层与黑色页岩、全球性臼齿亮晶碳酸盐岩和埃迪卡拉纪盖帽碳酸盐岩等沉积事件群及元素(同位素)漂移等地球化学异常事件,也包括特殊且重要的磷块岩、锰、铁矿等沉积成矿事件。由于不断显示出来在全球古大陆重建和古地理恢复方面的重要作用,它们越来越得到学术界的广泛关注和研究。文中通过系统分析中国中新元古代超大陆旋回演化中发育的部分重要或关键地质事件(群)时空发育与分布特征,并结合作者团队的实际资料和测试数据,以期揭示超大陆演化过程与重要沉积地质事件的内在联系,为超大陆聚散旋回演化和时空定位及原型沉积盆地的发育和评价提供科学证据。
Three supercontinents occurred during the evolution of the Earth. Development of two of them(Columbia and Rodinia) span part of the age range of the Meso-Neoproterozoic. Their formation was related to a series of regional events,leading to a supercontinent evolution model containing multiple for-mation mechanisms. The sedimentary events in the middle and eastern North China Craton,and the rifting and snowball events in Yangtze and Tarim Cratons during the Neoproterozoic are all considered as the response to the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. These events help to decode the location of the three cratonic basins in the supercontinent and to decipher their relative positions to each other. Evolution of the Columbia and Rodinia supercontinents was accompanied by several events including development of thick dolomite,microbiolite,red bed,and black shale of regional or global significance,as well as the globally distributed molar tooth and Ediacaran cap carbonate. Geochemical events also occurred,reflected by abnormal excursions of some isotopes and element abundances. The mineralization events result in ore deposition of phosphorite,manganese and BIF related iron. These events are important to the reconstruction of the paleocontinents and paleogeographic scenarios. Based on an overview of the development and distribution of the events related to supercontinent evolution and our own data,this paper aims to clarify the relationship between the evolution of supercontinent and the occurrence of the geological events,which aids the analysis of the cyclic formation and break-up of supercontinents,help to locate the supercontinent position,and assists the interpretation of the development of the prototype basins.
Three supercontinents occurred during the evolution of the Earth. Development of two of them(Columbia and Rodinia) span part of the age range of the Meso-Neoproterozoic. Their formation was related to a series of regional events,leading to a supercontinent evolution model containing multiple for-mation mechanisms. The sedimentary events in the middle and eastern North China Craton,and the rifting and snowball events in Yangtze and Tarim Cratons during the Neoproterozoic are all considered as the response to the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. These events help to decode the location of the three cratonic basins in the supercontinent and to decipher their relative positions to each other. Evolution of the Columbia and Rodinia supercontinents was accompanied by several events including development of thick dolomite,microbiolite,red bed,and black shale of regional or global significance,as well as the globally distributed molar tooth and Ediacaran cap carbonate. Geochemical events also occurred,reflected by abnormal excursions of some isotopes and element abundances. The mineralization events result in ore deposition of phosphorite,manganese and BIF related iron. These events are important to the reconstruction of the paleocontinents and paleogeographic scenarios. Based on an overview of the development and distribution of the events related to supercontinent evolution and our own data,this paper aims to clarify the relationship between the evolution of supercontinent and the occurrence of the geological events,which aids the analysis of the cyclic formation and break-up of supercontinents,help to locate the supercontinent position,and assists the interpretation of the development of the prototype basins.
引文
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