塔河油田下寒武统肖尔布拉克组储层发育特征及控制因素探讨
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摘要
基于地震资料的分析表明,塔河油田下寒武统肖尔布拉克组存在多套由南西向北东方向进积的楔形体,并于肖尔布拉克组顶部见削截现象,在其内部发育锥状异常体等多种反射特征。运用层序地层学原理结合野外露头资料及国内外勘探实例,对其储层发育特征及其控制因素进行了探索。综合分析表明:肖尔布拉克组进积体受控于海平面变化,以(准)同生期大气淡水溶蚀为主,叠加肖尔布拉克组沉积末期岩溶和多期次的热液及有机酸溶蚀改造作用,主要形成白云岩溶蚀孔隙型储层、白云岩岩溶缝洞型储层以及多成因复合型储层;同时,肖尔布拉克组下伏玉尔吐斯组为优质烃源岩,上覆吾松格尔组和阿瓦塔格组为2套区域性盖层,具有优越的生储盖配置关系。因此,塔河油田下寒武统肖尔布拉克组具有十分巨大的油气资源潜力。
By means of seismic data,we find that there are multiple sets of the wedge from southwest to northeast in Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation in Tahe Oilfield,and the truncated phenomenon at the top of the Formation,with some reflection characteristic like conical anomalies.Combining outcrop data and examples of domestic and international exploration and applying the principles of sequence stratigraphy,we explore the characteristics and controlling factors of reservoir development.The study suggests that the attack wedge of Xiaoerbulake Formation laminate is controlled by sea-level changes,dominated by(para-)syngenetic dissolution of meteoric water and the the last stage karst of the deposition of Xiaoerbu-lake Formation and hydrothermal deposition and transformation of the role of multi-phase organic acid dissolution times,mainly formed dolomite dissolution porosity reservoir,dolomite karst fractured reservoir and more complex-cause reservoirs.Also the study reveals that Yuertusi Formation under the Xiaoerbulake Formation is the high-quality source rocks,and Wusongeer Formation and Awatage Formation on the top of the Xiaoerbulake Formation is two regional seals,with excellent reservoir-cap configuration relationship.Therefore,the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation in the Tahe Oilfield has enormous oil and gas resources.
By means of seismic data,we find that there are multiple sets of the wedge from southwest to northeast in Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation in Tahe Oilfield,and the truncated phenomenon at the top of the Formation,with some reflection characteristic like conical anomalies.Combining outcrop data and examples of domestic and international exploration and applying the principles of sequence stratigraphy,we explore the characteristics and controlling factors of reservoir development.The study suggests that the attack wedge of Xiaoerbulake Formation laminate is controlled by sea-level changes,dominated by(para-)syngenetic dissolution of meteoric water and the the last stage karst of the deposition of Xiaoerbu-lake Formation and hydrothermal deposition and transformation of the role of multi-phase organic acid dissolution times,mainly formed dolomite dissolution porosity reservoir,dolomite karst fractured reservoir and more complex-cause reservoirs.Also the study reveals that Yuertusi Formation under the Xiaoerbulake Formation is the high-quality source rocks,and Wusongeer Formation and Awatage Formation on the top of the Xiaoerbulake Formation is two regional seals,with excellent reservoir-cap configuration relationship.Therefore,the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation in the Tahe Oilfield has enormous oil and gas resources.
引文
[1]漆立新.塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩大油气田勘探实践与展望[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(6):771-779.
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[4] Sun S Q.Dolomite reservoirs:Porosity evolution and reservoir characteristics[J].AAPG Bulletin,1995,79(2):186-240.
[5]王招明,谢会文,陈永权,等.塔里木盆地中深1井寒武系盐下白云岩原生油气藏的发现与勘探意义[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(2):1-13.
[6]刘存革,李涛,吕海涛,等.阿克库勒凸起中-上奥陶统地层划分及加里东中期第Ⅰ幕古喀斯特特征[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2010,37(1):55-63.
[7]邵小明,文山师,刘存革,等.塔河油田下寒武统肖尔布拉克组构造控制热液白云岩储层分布与勘探前景[J].地质科技情报,2017,36(2):146-150.
[8]戈一伟,李坤.塔里木地区下寒武统玉尔吐斯组烃源岩地球化学特征[J].重庆科技学院学报:自然科学版,2014,16(1):8-12.
[9] Mitchum R M,VanWagoner J C.High-frequency sequence and their stacking pattern:Sequence-stratigraphic evidence of highfrequency eustatic cycles[J].Sedimentary Geology,1991,70:131-147.
[10]Sarg J F.The sequence stratigraphy,sedimentology,and economic importance of evaporate-carbonate transition:A review[J].Sedimentary Geology,2001,140:9-42.
[11]Strasser A,Hillgartner H,Hug W,et al.Third-order depositional sequences reflecting Milankovitich cyclicity[J].Terra Nova,2000,12(6):303-311.
[12]Strasser A,Hillgartner H,Pasquier J B.Cyclostratigraphic timing of sedimentray processes:An example from the Berriasian of the Swiss and French Jura Moutain[J].SEPM Special Publication,2004,81:135-151.
[13]Gale A S,Hardenbol J,Hathway B,et al.Global correlation of Cenomanin(Upper Cretaceous)sequences:Evidence for Milankovitich control on sea level[J].Geology,2010,30(4):291-294.
[14]赵宗举,张运波,潘懋,等.塔里木盆地寒武系层序地层格架[J].地质论评,2010,56(5):609-620.
[15]王坤,刘伟,黄擎宇,等.塔里木盆地塔中-古城地区寒武系沉积体系发育特征与演化[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(6):116-124.
[16]于炳松,樊太亮,黄文辉,等.层序地层格架中岩溶储层发育的预测模型[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):41-45.
[17]刘忠宝,杨圣彬,焦存礼,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起中、下寒武统高精度层序地层与沉积特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(1):70-76.
[18]马永生,储昭宏.普光气田台地建造过程及其礁滩储层高精度层序地层学研究[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(5):548-556.
[19]Handford C R,Loucks R G.Carbonate depositional sequences and systems tracts-responses of carbonate platforms to relative sealevel changes[C]∥Loucks R G,Sarg J F.Carbonate sequences stratigraphy:Recent development and applications.AAPG Memoir 57,1993:3-41.
[20]Davydov V I,Crowley J L,Schmitz M D,et al.High-precision U-Pb ziron age calibration of the global Carboniferous time scale and Milankovitch cyclicity in the Donets Basin,eastern Ukraine[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2010,11(2):1448-1470.
[21]宋金民,罗平,杨式升,等.塔里木盆地下寒武统微生物碳酸盐岩储集层特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(4):404-413.
[22]黄擎宇,胡素云,潘文庆,等.塔里木盆地巴楚地区寒武系储层特征及主控因素[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(6):982-993.
[23]Longman M W.Carbonate diagenetic textures from near-surface diagenetic environments[J].AAPG Bulletin,1980,64(4):461-487.
[24]James N P,Choquette P W.Diagenesis 6.Limestones:The seafloor diagenetic environment[J].Geoscience Canada,1983,10:162-180.
[25]James N P,Choquette P W.Paleokarst[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,1998.
[26]Hollis C.Diagenetic controls on reservoir properties of carbonate successions within the Albian-Turonian of the Arabian Plate[J].Petroleum Geoscience,2011,17:223-241.
[27]郭峰,郭岭.柯坪地区肖尔布拉克寒武系层序及沉积演化[J].地层学杂志,2011,35(2):164-171.
[28]金之钧,朱东亚,胡文瑄,等.塔里木盆地热液活动地质地球化学特征及其对储层影响[J].地质学报,2006,80(2):245-253.
[29]焦存礼,何治亮,邢秀娟,等.塔里木盆地构造热液白云岩及其储层意义[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):277-284.
[30]Lucza J A,Harrison W B III,Williams N S.Fractured hydrothermal dolomite resservoirs in the Devonian Dundee Formation of the central Michigan Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1787-1801.
[31]Smith L B J.Origin and reservoir characteristics of Upper Ordovician Trenton-Black River hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs in New York[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1691-1718.
[32]Luczaj J A.Evidence against the Dorag(mixing-zone)model for dolomitization along the Wisconsin arch:A case for hydrothermal diagenesis[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1719-1738.
[33]Wierzbicki R,Dravis J,Al-Aasm I,et al.Burial dolomitization and dissolution of Upper Jurassic Abenaki platform carbonates,Deep Panuke reservoir,Nova Scotia,Canada[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1843-1861.
[34]Katz D A,Eberli G P,Swart P K,et al.Teconic-hydrothermalbrecciation associated with cacite precipitation and permeability destruction in Mississippian carbonate reservoirs,Montana and Wyoming[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1803-1841.
[35]Lonnee J,Macei H G.Pervasive dolomitization with subsequent hydrothermal alteration in the Clarke Lake gas field,Middle Devonian Slave Point Formation,British Columbia,Canada[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1739-1761.
[36]李丕龙,冯建辉,樊太亮,等.塔里木盆地构造沉积与成藏[M].北京:地质出版社,2010:45-46.
[37]陈汉林,杨树锋,董传万,等.塔里木盆地地质热事件研究[J].科学通报,1997,42(10):1096-1098.
[38]Davies G R,Smith B S J.Structurally controlled hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies:An overview[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1641-1690.
[39]马红强,王恕一,雍洪,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩埋藏溶蚀特征[J].石油实验地质,2010,32(5):434-441.
[40]李国蓉,武恒志,叶斌,等.元坝地区长兴组储层溶蚀作用期次与机制研究[J].岩石学报,2014,30(3):709-717.
[41]佘敏,寿建峰,沈安江,等.从表生到深埋藏环境下有机酸对碳酸盐岩溶蚀的实验模拟[J].地球化学,2014,43(3):276-286.
[2]熊益学,陈永权,关宝珠,等.塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组北部台缘带展布及其油气勘探意义[J].沉积学报,2015,33(2):408-415.
[3] Zenger D H,Dunham J B,Ethington R I.Concepts and models of dolomitization[M].Tulsa:Spec.Publ.-SEPM,1980,28:320.
[4] Sun S Q.Dolomite reservoirs:Porosity evolution and reservoir characteristics[J].AAPG Bulletin,1995,79(2):186-240.
[5]王招明,谢会文,陈永权,等.塔里木盆地中深1井寒武系盐下白云岩原生油气藏的发现与勘探意义[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(2):1-13.
[6]刘存革,李涛,吕海涛,等.阿克库勒凸起中-上奥陶统地层划分及加里东中期第Ⅰ幕古喀斯特特征[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2010,37(1):55-63.
[7]邵小明,文山师,刘存革,等.塔河油田下寒武统肖尔布拉克组构造控制热液白云岩储层分布与勘探前景[J].地质科技情报,2017,36(2):146-150.
[8]戈一伟,李坤.塔里木地区下寒武统玉尔吐斯组烃源岩地球化学特征[J].重庆科技学院学报:自然科学版,2014,16(1):8-12.
[9] Mitchum R M,VanWagoner J C.High-frequency sequence and their stacking pattern:Sequence-stratigraphic evidence of highfrequency eustatic cycles[J].Sedimentary Geology,1991,70:131-147.
[10]Sarg J F.The sequence stratigraphy,sedimentology,and economic importance of evaporate-carbonate transition:A review[J].Sedimentary Geology,2001,140:9-42.
[11]Strasser A,Hillgartner H,Hug W,et al.Third-order depositional sequences reflecting Milankovitich cyclicity[J].Terra Nova,2000,12(6):303-311.
[12]Strasser A,Hillgartner H,Pasquier J B.Cyclostratigraphic timing of sedimentray processes:An example from the Berriasian of the Swiss and French Jura Moutain[J].SEPM Special Publication,2004,81:135-151.
[13]Gale A S,Hardenbol J,Hathway B,et al.Global correlation of Cenomanin(Upper Cretaceous)sequences:Evidence for Milankovitich control on sea level[J].Geology,2010,30(4):291-294.
[14]赵宗举,张运波,潘懋,等.塔里木盆地寒武系层序地层格架[J].地质论评,2010,56(5):609-620.
[15]王坤,刘伟,黄擎宇,等.塔里木盆地塔中-古城地区寒武系沉积体系发育特征与演化[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(6):116-124.
[16]于炳松,樊太亮,黄文辉,等.层序地层格架中岩溶储层发育的预测模型[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):41-45.
[17]刘忠宝,杨圣彬,焦存礼,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起中、下寒武统高精度层序地层与沉积特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(1):70-76.
[18]马永生,储昭宏.普光气田台地建造过程及其礁滩储层高精度层序地层学研究[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(5):548-556.
[19]Handford C R,Loucks R G.Carbonate depositional sequences and systems tracts-responses of carbonate platforms to relative sealevel changes[C]∥Loucks R G,Sarg J F.Carbonate sequences stratigraphy:Recent development and applications.AAPG Memoir 57,1993:3-41.
[20]Davydov V I,Crowley J L,Schmitz M D,et al.High-precision U-Pb ziron age calibration of the global Carboniferous time scale and Milankovitch cyclicity in the Donets Basin,eastern Ukraine[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2010,11(2):1448-1470.
[21]宋金民,罗平,杨式升,等.塔里木盆地下寒武统微生物碳酸盐岩储集层特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(4):404-413.
[22]黄擎宇,胡素云,潘文庆,等.塔里木盆地巴楚地区寒武系储层特征及主控因素[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(6):982-993.
[23]Longman M W.Carbonate diagenetic textures from near-surface diagenetic environments[J].AAPG Bulletin,1980,64(4):461-487.
[24]James N P,Choquette P W.Diagenesis 6.Limestones:The seafloor diagenetic environment[J].Geoscience Canada,1983,10:162-180.
[25]James N P,Choquette P W.Paleokarst[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,1998.
[26]Hollis C.Diagenetic controls on reservoir properties of carbonate successions within the Albian-Turonian of the Arabian Plate[J].Petroleum Geoscience,2011,17:223-241.
[27]郭峰,郭岭.柯坪地区肖尔布拉克寒武系层序及沉积演化[J].地层学杂志,2011,35(2):164-171.
[28]金之钧,朱东亚,胡文瑄,等.塔里木盆地热液活动地质地球化学特征及其对储层影响[J].地质学报,2006,80(2):245-253.
[29]焦存礼,何治亮,邢秀娟,等.塔里木盆地构造热液白云岩及其储层意义[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):277-284.
[30]Lucza J A,Harrison W B III,Williams N S.Fractured hydrothermal dolomite resservoirs in the Devonian Dundee Formation of the central Michigan Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1787-1801.
[31]Smith L B J.Origin and reservoir characteristics of Upper Ordovician Trenton-Black River hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs in New York[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1691-1718.
[32]Luczaj J A.Evidence against the Dorag(mixing-zone)model for dolomitization along the Wisconsin arch:A case for hydrothermal diagenesis[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1719-1738.
[33]Wierzbicki R,Dravis J,Al-Aasm I,et al.Burial dolomitization and dissolution of Upper Jurassic Abenaki platform carbonates,Deep Panuke reservoir,Nova Scotia,Canada[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1843-1861.
[34]Katz D A,Eberli G P,Swart P K,et al.Teconic-hydrothermalbrecciation associated with cacite precipitation and permeability destruction in Mississippian carbonate reservoirs,Montana and Wyoming[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1803-1841.
[35]Lonnee J,Macei H G.Pervasive dolomitization with subsequent hydrothermal alteration in the Clarke Lake gas field,Middle Devonian Slave Point Formation,British Columbia,Canada[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1739-1761.
[36]李丕龙,冯建辉,樊太亮,等.塔里木盆地构造沉积与成藏[M].北京:地质出版社,2010:45-46.
[37]陈汉林,杨树锋,董传万,等.塔里木盆地地质热事件研究[J].科学通报,1997,42(10):1096-1098.
[38]Davies G R,Smith B S J.Structurally controlled hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies:An overview[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1641-1690.
[39]马红强,王恕一,雍洪,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩埋藏溶蚀特征[J].石油实验地质,2010,32(5):434-441.
[40]李国蓉,武恒志,叶斌,等.元坝地区长兴组储层溶蚀作用期次与机制研究[J].岩石学报,2014,30(3):709-717.
[41]佘敏,寿建峰,沈安江,等.从表生到深埋藏环境下有机酸对碳酸盐岩溶蚀的实验模拟[J].地球化学,2014,43(3):276-286.
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