中国东部南北样带森林生态系统蒸腾与蒸散比值(T/ET)时空变化
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摘要
植被蒸腾与蒸散的比值(transpiration/evapotranspiration, T/ET)表征了植被蒸腾对生态系统蒸散的贡献率,是准确量化生态系统水分利用效率的关键参数,对研究植被水分运移的生理生态机理以及碳水循环关系具有重要意义。基于站点数据验证PT-JPL模型(Priestly-Taylor JetPropulsion Laboratory Model)模拟精度,集成遥感数据和气象栅格数据模拟中国东部南北样带森林生态系统2001-2010年T/ET,并分析其时空变化及影响因子。结果表明:①PT-JPL模型适用于中国东部森林生态系统蒸散及其组分模拟,具有较高的稳定性和可靠性;②中国东部南北样带森林生态系统T/ET空间差异显著,整体呈南部低、北部高,主要由夏季T/ET空间格局主导;样带整体T/ET均值为0.69,2001-2010年呈显著缓慢上升趋势,增幅为0.007/yr(p <0.01);③T/ET季节和年际变异的主控因子不同:温度和EVI是影响T/ET季节变异的关键因子,两者均可解释T/ET季节变异的90%左右(p <0.01);而T/ET的年际变异则主要受EVI影响,解释率为53%(p <0.05)。
The ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration(T/ET)is a key parameter for quantifying water use efficiency of ecosystems and understanding the interaction between ecosystem carbon uptake and water cycling in the context of global change.The estimation of T/ET has been paid increasing attention from the scientific community in recent years globally.In this paper,we used the Priestly-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory Model(PT-JPL)driven by regional remote sensing data and gridded meteorological data,to simulate the T/ET in forest ecosystems along the North-South Transect of Eastern China(NSTEC)during 2001-2010,and to analyze the spatial distribution and temporal variation of T/ET,as well as the factors influencing the variation in T/ET.The results show that:(1)The PT-JPL model is suitable for the simulation of evapotranspiration and its components of forest ecosystems in Eastern China,and has relatively good stability and reliability.(2)Spatial distribution of T/ET in forest ecosystems along NSTEC was heterogeneous,i.e.,T/ET was higher in the north and lower in the south,with an averaged value of 0.69;and the inter-annual variation of T/ET showed a significantly increasing trend,with an increment of 0.007/yr(p<0.01).(3)Seasonal and interannual variations of T/ET had different dominant factors.Temperature and EVI can explain around 90%(p<0.01)of the seasonal variation in T/ET,while the inter-annual variation in T/ET was mainly controlled by EVI(53%,p<0.05).
The ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration(T/ET)is a key parameter for quantifying water use efficiency of ecosystems and understanding the interaction between ecosystem carbon uptake and water cycling in the context of global change.The estimation of T/ET has been paid increasing attention from the scientific community in recent years globally.In this paper,we used the Priestly-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory Model(PT-JPL)driven by regional remote sensing data and gridded meteorological data,to simulate the T/ET in forest ecosystems along the North-South Transect of Eastern China(NSTEC)during 2001-2010,and to analyze the spatial distribution and temporal variation of T/ET,as well as the factors influencing the variation in T/ET.The results show that:(1)The PT-JPL model is suitable for the simulation of evapotranspiration and its components of forest ecosystems in Eastern China,and has relatively good stability and reliability.(2)Spatial distribution of T/ET in forest ecosystems along NSTEC was heterogeneous,i.e.,T/ET was higher in the north and lower in the south,with an averaged value of 0.69;and the inter-annual variation of T/ET showed a significantly increasing trend,with an increment of 0.007/yr(p<0.01).(3)Seasonal and interannual variations of T/ET had different dominant factors.Temperature and EVI can explain around 90%(p<0.01)of the seasonal variation in T/ET,while the inter-annual variation in T/ET was mainly controlled by EVI(53%,p<0.05).
引文
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[16]Wang L X,Good S P,Caylor K K.Global synthesis of vegetation control on evapotranspiration partitioning.Geophysical Research Letters,2014,41(19):6753-6757.
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[18]Miralles D G,Jimenez C,Jung M,et al.The WACMOS-ET project(Part 2):Evaluation of global terrestrial evaporation data sets.Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2016,20(2):823-842.
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[22]Gao Y H,Liu X X,Min C C,et al.Estimation of the North-South Transect of Eastern China forest biomass using remote sensing and forest inventory data.International Journal of Remote Sensing,2013,34(15):5598-5610.
[23]Yu G R,Zhang L M,Sun X M,et al.Environmental controls over carbon exchange of three forest ecosystems in eastern China.Global Change Biology,2008,14(11):2555-2571.
[24]Wei Huanqi,He Honglin,Liu Min,et al.Modeling evapotranspiration and its components in Qianyanzhou plantation based on remote sensing data.Journal of Natural Resources,2012,27(5):778-789.[魏焕奇,何洪林,刘敏,等.基于遥感的千烟洲人工林蒸散及其组分模拟研究.自然资源学报,2012,27(5):778-789.]
[25]Zhang L X,Hu Z M,Fan J W,et al.A meta-analysis of the canopy light extinction coefficient in terrestrial ecosystems.Frontiers of Earth Science,2014,8(4):599-609.
[26]Xu M J,Wen X F,Wang H M,et al.Effects of climatic factors and ecosystem responses on the inter-annual variability of evapotranspiration in a coniferous plantation in subtropical China.Plos One,2014,9(1):e85593.Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085593
[27]Wu Houshui,Liu Huiping,Huang Daji.Interception of Precipitation in Dinghushan Evergreen Broadleaf Forest.Research of Forest Ecosystems in Subtropical and Tropical regions.Beijing:China Meteorological Press,1998.[吴厚水,刘慧屏,黄大基.鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林对降水的截留作用.热带亚热带森林生态系统研究.北京:气象出版社,1998.]
[28]Wang K C,Dickinson R E.A review of global terrestrial evapotranspiration:Observation,modeling,climatology,and climatic variability.Reviews of Geophysics,2012,50:RG2005.Doi:10.1029/2011RG000373
[29]Hu Z M,Yu G R,Zhou Y L,et al.Partitioning of evapotranspiration and its controls in four grassland ecosystems:Application of a two-source model.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2009,149(9):1410-1420.
[30]Yu Guirui,Wang Qiufeng.Ecophysiology of Plant Photosynthesis,Transpiration,and Water Use.Beijing:Science Press,2010.[于贵瑞,王秋凤.植物光合、蒸腾与水分利用的生理生态学.北京:科学出版社,2010.]
[31]Quan Q,Zhang F Y,Tian D S,et al.Transpiration dominates ecosystem water-use efficiency in response to warming in an alpine meadow.Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences,2018,123(2):453-462.
[2]Fisher J B,Tu K P,Baldocchi D D.Global estimates of the land-atmosphere water flux based on monthly AVHRR and ISLSCP-II data,validated at 16 FLUXNET sites.Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,112(3):901-919.
[3]Zhu X J,Yu G R,Hu Z M,et al.Spatiotemporal variations of T/ET(the ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration)in three forests of Eastern China.Ecological Indicators,2015,52:411-421.doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.12.030.
[4]Berkelhammer M,Noone D C,Wong T E,et al.Convergent approaches to determine an ecosystem's transpiration fraction.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2016,30(6):933-951.
[5]Fatichi S,Pappas C.Constrained variability of modeled T:ET ratio across biomes.Geophysical Research Letters,2017,44(13):6795-6803.
[6]Wei Z W,Yoshimura K,Wang L X,et al.Revisiting the contribution of transpiration to global terrestrial evapotranspiration.Geophysical Research Letters,2017,44(6):2792-2801.
[7]Schlesinger W H,Jasechko S.Transpiration in the global water cycle.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2014,189:115-117.Doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.01.011
[8]Miralles D G,De Jeu R A M,Gash J H,et al.Magnitude and variability of land evaporation and its components at the global scale.Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2011,15(3):967-981.
[9]Jasechko S,Sharp Z D,Gibson J J,et al.Terrestrial water fluxes dominated by transpiration.Nature,2013,496(7445):347-351.
[10]Cheng L,Zhang L,Wang Y P,et al.Recent increases in terrestrial carbon uptake at little cost to the water cycle.Nature Communications,2017,8:110.Doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00114-5
[11]Scott R L,Biederman J A.Partitioning evapotranspiration using long-term carbon dioxide and water vapor fluxes.Geophysical Research Letters,2017,44(13):6833-6840.
[12]Hu Zhongmin,Yu Guirui,Wang Qiufeng,et al.Ecosystem level water use efficiency:A review.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(3):1498-1507.[胡中民,于贵瑞,王秋凤,等.生态系统水分利用效率研究进展.生态学报,2009,29(3):1498-1507.]
[13]Gao Y,Zhu X J,Yu G R,et al.Water use efficiency threshold for terrestrial ecosystem carbon sequestration in China under afforestation.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2014,195:32-37.Doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.04.010
[14]Zhou S,Yu B F,Zhang Y,et al.Partitioning evapotranspiration based on the concept of underlying water use efficiency.Water Resources Research,2016,52(2):1160-1175.
[15]Coenders-Gerrits A M J,van der Ent R J,Bogaard T A,et al.Uncertainties in transpiration estimates.Nature,2014,506(7487):E1-E2.
[16]Wang L X,Good S P,Caylor K K.Global synthesis of vegetation control on evapotranspiration partitioning.Geophysical Research Letters,2014,41(19):6753-6757.
[17]Good S P,Noone D,Bowen G.Hydrologic connectivity constrains partitioning of global terrestrial water fluxes.Science,2015,349(6244):175-177.
[18]Miralles D G,Jimenez C,Jung M,et al.The WACMOS-ET project(Part 2):Evaluation of global terrestrial evaporation data sets.Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2016,20(2):823-842.
[19]Lawrence D M,Thornton P E,Oleson K W,et al.The partitioning of evapotranspiration into transpiration,soil evaporation,and canopy evaporation in a GCM:Impacts on land-atmosphere interaction.Journal of Hydrometeorology,2007,8(4):862-880.
[20]Wang-Erlandsson L,van der Ent R J,Gordon L J,et al.Contrasting roles of interception and transpiration in the hydrological cycle-Part 1:Temporal characteristics over land.Earth System Dynamics,2014,5(2):441-469.
[21]Lu Qianqian,He Honglin,Zhu Xianjin,et al.Study on the variations of forest evapotranspiration and its components in eastern China.Journal of Natural Resources,2015,30(9):1436-1448.[路倩倩,何洪林,朱先进,等.中国东部典型森林生态系统蒸散及其组分变异规律研究.自然资源学报,2015,30(9):1436-1448.]
[22]Gao Y H,Liu X X,Min C C,et al.Estimation of the North-South Transect of Eastern China forest biomass using remote sensing and forest inventory data.International Journal of Remote Sensing,2013,34(15):5598-5610.
[23]Yu G R,Zhang L M,Sun X M,et al.Environmental controls over carbon exchange of three forest ecosystems in eastern China.Global Change Biology,2008,14(11):2555-2571.
[24]Wei Huanqi,He Honglin,Liu Min,et al.Modeling evapotranspiration and its components in Qianyanzhou plantation based on remote sensing data.Journal of Natural Resources,2012,27(5):778-789.[魏焕奇,何洪林,刘敏,等.基于遥感的千烟洲人工林蒸散及其组分模拟研究.自然资源学报,2012,27(5):778-789.]
[25]Zhang L X,Hu Z M,Fan J W,et al.A meta-analysis of the canopy light extinction coefficient in terrestrial ecosystems.Frontiers of Earth Science,2014,8(4):599-609.
[26]Xu M J,Wen X F,Wang H M,et al.Effects of climatic factors and ecosystem responses on the inter-annual variability of evapotranspiration in a coniferous plantation in subtropical China.Plos One,2014,9(1):e85593.Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085593
[27]Wu Houshui,Liu Huiping,Huang Daji.Interception of Precipitation in Dinghushan Evergreen Broadleaf Forest.Research of Forest Ecosystems in Subtropical and Tropical regions.Beijing:China Meteorological Press,1998.[吴厚水,刘慧屏,黄大基.鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林对降水的截留作用.热带亚热带森林生态系统研究.北京:气象出版社,1998.]
[28]Wang K C,Dickinson R E.A review of global terrestrial evapotranspiration:Observation,modeling,climatology,and climatic variability.Reviews of Geophysics,2012,50:RG2005.Doi:10.1029/2011RG000373
[29]Hu Z M,Yu G R,Zhou Y L,et al.Partitioning of evapotranspiration and its controls in four grassland ecosystems:Application of a two-source model.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2009,149(9):1410-1420.
[30]Yu Guirui,Wang Qiufeng.Ecophysiology of Plant Photosynthesis,Transpiration,and Water Use.Beijing:Science Press,2010.[于贵瑞,王秋凤.植物光合、蒸腾与水分利用的生理生态学.北京:科学出版社,2010.]
[31]Quan Q,Zhang F Y,Tian D S,et al.Transpiration dominates ecosystem water-use efficiency in response to warming in an alpine meadow.Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences,2018,123(2):453-462.
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