应急救援类防护服装发展现状与趋势
|
摘要
为提升应急救援类防护服装的功能及舒适性能和优化设计提供基础数据和科学依据,从应急救援防护服的面料选择、服装结构设计以及主要测试方法 3个方面,阐述了应急救援类防护服装的发展现状。归纳总结出应急救援防护服装设计的基本流程为确定应用需求、明确重点防护对象、设计初始方案、初始设计方案评价及确定最佳方案。指出目前应急救援防护服的研究瓶颈是功能兼顾困难、标准建立复杂以及舒适性评价精度控制难,预测了应急救援防护服在差别化高性能纤维、多功能智能化防护系统、更高的穿着舒适度以及健全规范的测试评价系统方面的发展趋势。
In order to provide basic data and scientific basis for improving the function and comfort performance of emergency rescue protective clothing and optimum design of products,the development status of emergency rescue protective clothing was expounded from fabric selection,clothing structure design and main test methods. The basic designing processes of the rescue protective clothing were summarized,i.e.,identifying application requirements,identifying key protection objects,designing the initial scheme and determining the best solution. The research bottleneck of the present rescue protective clothing in difficult combination of different functions,complex standards,and poor control on the accuracy of comfort evaluation was presented. It was predicted that the difference and high performance fibers,multi-functional and smart protecting system,better wearing comfort,and a complete and standard evaluating system would be the developing trends.
In order to provide basic data and scientific basis for improving the function and comfort performance of emergency rescue protective clothing and optimum design of products,the development status of emergency rescue protective clothing was expounded from fabric selection,clothing structure design and main test methods. The basic designing processes of the rescue protective clothing were summarized,i.e.,identifying application requirements,identifying key protection objects,designing the initial scheme and determining the best solution. The research bottleneck of the present rescue protective clothing in difficult combination of different functions,complex standards,and poor control on the accuracy of comfort evaluation was presented. It was predicted that the difference and high performance fibers,multi-functional and smart protecting system,better wearing comfort,and a complete and standard evaluating system would be the developing trends.
引文
[1]李俊,管文静,韦鸿发.功能防护服装的性能评价及其应用与发展[J].中国个体防护装备,2005(6):22-25.LI Jun, GUAN Wenjing, WEI Hongfa. Performance evaluation and its application and development of functional protective clothing[J]. China Personal Protective Equipment,2005(6):22-25.
[2]吕海燕.个体防护装备在应急救援处置中的作用[J].中国个体防护装备,2009(3):5-6.LHaiyan. The impact of personal protective equipment in the emergency rescue[J]. China Personal Protective Equipment,2009(3):5-6.
[3]崔淼.浅谈防护服装的现状和对策[J].中国纤检,2014(20):76-77.CUI Miao. Introduction to the status quo and countmeasures of protective clothing[J]. China Fiber Inspection,2014(20):76-77.
[4]张婷婷,张明明. 3种常见防护服的测试方法及质量验收[J].现代职业安全,2017(3):22-24.ZHANG Tingting,ZHANG Mingming. Test method and quality acceptance of 3 kinds of common protective cloth-ing[J]. Modern occupational safety,2017(3):22-24.
[5] HEJAZI S M,KADIVAR N,SAJJAD A. Analytical assessment of woven fabrics under vertical stabbing:the role of protective clothing[J]. Forensic Science International,2016(259):224-233.
[6] ANTO'NIO M,RAIMUNDOA,ANTO'NIO R. Personal protective clothing and safety of firefighters near a high intensity fire front[J]. Fire Safety Journal 2009(44):514-521.
[7] ANTONIN H,ZDENEK K. The physiological properties of smart textiles and moisture transport through clothing fabric[C]//FAN Jintu. Development in International Thermal Manikin and Modeling Meeting. Hong Kong:The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,2006:355-362.
[8]赵阳,姜秀慧.《防护服一般要求》修订初探[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2013(6):170-173.ZHAO Yang,JIANG Xiuhui. Discussion on modifying of technical requirements for standard of protective clothing general requirements[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2013(6):170-173.
[9]刘何清,刘天宇,高黎颖,等.国内外防护服的发展与对比[J].矿业工程研究,2016(3):71-76.LIU Heqing, LIU Tianyu, GAO Liying, et al.Development and contrast of domestic and overseas protective garments[J]. Research on Mining Engineering,2016(3):71-76.
[10]林裕卫,段胜伟,吴耀根,等.新型改性TPE阻燃型无孔防水透湿阻隔薄膜在生化、阻燃及多功能防护服上的应用[J].纺织导报,2017(Z1):83-86.LIN Yuwei,DUAN Shengwei,WU Yaogen,et al. The application of a new modified and multi-functional nonporous TPE barrier film in biochemical,flame-retardant and multi-functional protective clothing[J]. Textile Guide,2017(Z1):83-86.
[11]罗道友,朱笑初,景肃,等.高性能热塑性聚醋弹性体(TPEE)的研究开发与应用[J].化工新型材料,2007,35(3):2-6.LUO Daoyou,ZHU Xiaochu,JING Su,et al. Research and application of high performance thermoplastic elastomer(TPEE)[J]. New Chemical Materials for Chemical Industry,2007,35(3):2-6.
[12]伏磊,黄晨.薄型抢险救援服内层非织造材料的制备及性能[J].产业用纺织品,2017(5):8-15.FU Lei,HUANG Chen. Preparation and properties of in-ner nonwovens for the thin type of emergency rescue garment[J]. Technical Textiles,2017(5):8-15.
[13]曾晓明,肖振年.一种多功能抢险救援服面料结构:206416607 U[P]. 2017-08-18.ZENG Xiaoming,XIAO Zhennian. A multi-functional fabric structure for emergency rescue suit:206416607 U[P]. 2017-08-18.
[14]张美进,白建坤.应对自然灾害国际救援制服标识意义与应用思考[J].中国个体防护装备,2012(4):25-27.ZHANG Meijin,BAI Jiankun. Significance and application thoughts on international rescue uniform logo in response to natural disasters[J]. China Personal Protective Equipment,2012(4):25-27.
[15] WANG H X,WANG X G,LI T. Unidirectiona I water transfer effect from fabrics having a superhy drophobicto-hydrophiIic gradient[J]. Journa I of Nano-Science and Nanotechno Iogy,2013(13):839-842.
[16]支荣钏,张强.反光材料在警用救援服中的应用研究[J].中国个体防护装备,2016(2):46-50.ZHI Rongchuan, ZHANG Qiang. Research on application of reflective materials in the police rescue clothing[J]. China Personal Protective Equipment,2016(2):46-50.
[17] RUCKMAN J E,MURRAY R,CHOI H S. Engineering of clothing systems for improved thermophysiological comfort:the effect of openings[J]. International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 1999,10(1):37-52.
[18] ADABMS P S,SLCUM A C,KEYSERLING W M. A model for protective clothing effects on performance[J].International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology,1994,6(4):6-16.
[19] HAVENITH G. Heat balance when wearing protective clothing[J]. The Annual Occupational of Hygiene,1999,43(5):289-296.
[20] LI J,BARKER R L,DEATON A S. Evaluating the effects of material component and design feature on heat transfer in firefighter turnout clothing by a sweating manikin[J]. Textile Research Journal,2007,77(2):59-66.
[21]李毅.服装舒适性与产品开发[M].北京:中国纺织出版社,2002:107.LI Yi. Clothing Comfort and Development[M]. Beijing:China Textile&Apparel Press,2002:107.
[22] MULLET K K. The effect of shoulder position on four sleeve/bodice structure[D]. Blacksburg:Virginia State University,1991:147-151.
[23]董鹏.地震灾害应急救援人员的安全防护[J].中国个体防护装备,2015(4):51-53.DONG Peng. Safety Protection of emergency rescue personnel for earthquake disaster[J]. China Personal Protective Equipment,2015(4):51-53.
[24] UMBACH K H. Physiological tests and evaluation models for the optimization of the performance of protective clothing[C]//MEKJAVIC IB,BANISTER E W,MORRISON J B. Developments in Environmental Ergonomics. New York:IEEE Computer Society,1988:139-161.
[25] LEE C, KIM I Y, WOOD A. Investigation and correlation of manikin and bench-scale fire testing of clothing systems[J]. Fire and Materials,2002(26):269-278.
[26] CAMENZIND M A,DALE D J,ROSSI R M. Manikin test for flame engulfment evaluation of protective clothing:historical review and development of a new ISO standard[J]. Fire and Materials,2007(31):285-295.
[27] BEHMANN F W, GOLDMAN R F, Bernhard K.Handbook on Clothing[M]. 2nd ed.[S. l.]:Research Study Group 7 on Bio-Medical Research Aspects of Military Protective Clothing,2007:16.
[28] HUCK J. Protective clothing systems:a technique for evaluating restriction of wearer mobility[J]. Applied Ergonomics,1988,19(3):185-190.
[29] PARK K,ROSENGREN K S,HORN G P,et al. Effect of load carriage on gait due to firefighting air bottle configuration[J]. Ergonomics,2010,53:882-891.
[30] GEORGE H,RONALD H. A test battery related to ergonomics of protective clothing[J]. Applied Ergonomics,2004(35):3-20.
[31]沈润娥.防护服的发展和改革[J].中国劳动防护用品,1995(1):15-17.SHEN Run'e. Development and reform of protective clothing[J]. Labor Protection Articles in China,1995(1):15-17.
[32]贾司光,陈景山.人体力学的生理基础及其在压力防护服设计中的应用[J].航天医学与医学工程,1996(6):436-440.JIA Siguang,CHEN Jingshan. The physiological basis of human mechanics and its application in the design of pressure protective clothing[J]. Space medicine and medical engineering,1996(6):436-440.
[33] LOTENS W A. Optimal Design Principles for Clothing Systems[M]. Soesterbery:Institute of Perception,1988:75-79.
[34]胡淑蓉,李俊.防护服性能测评的研究进展[J].纺织学报,2011,32(5):148-154.HU Shurong,LI Jun. Progress in research of protective clothing performance test and evaluation[J]. Journal of Textile Research,2011,32(5):148-154.
[35]郭晓芳,李俊.防护服装的应用及发展趋势[J].中国个体防护装备,2007(6):16-19.GUO Xiaofang,LI Jun. Application and development trend of protective clothing[J]. China Personal Protective Equipment,2007(6):16-19.
[36]周宏.全球个体防护装备产业现状与发展趋势[J].中国个体防护装备,2009(2):5-8.ZHOU Hong. The current situation and development trend of the global individual protection equipment industry[J]. China Personal Protective Equipment,2009(2):5-8.
[2]吕海燕.个体防护装备在应急救援处置中的作用[J].中国个体防护装备,2009(3):5-6.LHaiyan. The impact of personal protective equipment in the emergency rescue[J]. China Personal Protective Equipment,2009(3):5-6.
[3]崔淼.浅谈防护服装的现状和对策[J].中国纤检,2014(20):76-77.CUI Miao. Introduction to the status quo and countmeasures of protective clothing[J]. China Fiber Inspection,2014(20):76-77.
[4]张婷婷,张明明. 3种常见防护服的测试方法及质量验收[J].现代职业安全,2017(3):22-24.ZHANG Tingting,ZHANG Mingming. Test method and quality acceptance of 3 kinds of common protective cloth-ing[J]. Modern occupational safety,2017(3):22-24.
[5] HEJAZI S M,KADIVAR N,SAJJAD A. Analytical assessment of woven fabrics under vertical stabbing:the role of protective clothing[J]. Forensic Science International,2016(259):224-233.
[6] ANTO'NIO M,RAIMUNDOA,ANTO'NIO R. Personal protective clothing and safety of firefighters near a high intensity fire front[J]. Fire Safety Journal 2009(44):514-521.
[7] ANTONIN H,ZDENEK K. The physiological properties of smart textiles and moisture transport through clothing fabric[C]//FAN Jintu. Development in International Thermal Manikin and Modeling Meeting. Hong Kong:The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,2006:355-362.
[8]赵阳,姜秀慧.《防护服一般要求》修订初探[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2013(6):170-173.ZHAO Yang,JIANG Xiuhui. Discussion on modifying of technical requirements for standard of protective clothing general requirements[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2013(6):170-173.
[9]刘何清,刘天宇,高黎颖,等.国内外防护服的发展与对比[J].矿业工程研究,2016(3):71-76.LIU Heqing, LIU Tianyu, GAO Liying, et al.Development and contrast of domestic and overseas protective garments[J]. Research on Mining Engineering,2016(3):71-76.
[10]林裕卫,段胜伟,吴耀根,等.新型改性TPE阻燃型无孔防水透湿阻隔薄膜在生化、阻燃及多功能防护服上的应用[J].纺织导报,2017(Z1):83-86.LIN Yuwei,DUAN Shengwei,WU Yaogen,et al. The application of a new modified and multi-functional nonporous TPE barrier film in biochemical,flame-retardant and multi-functional protective clothing[J]. Textile Guide,2017(Z1):83-86.
[11]罗道友,朱笑初,景肃,等.高性能热塑性聚醋弹性体(TPEE)的研究开发与应用[J].化工新型材料,2007,35(3):2-6.LUO Daoyou,ZHU Xiaochu,JING Su,et al. Research and application of high performance thermoplastic elastomer(TPEE)[J]. New Chemical Materials for Chemical Industry,2007,35(3):2-6.
[12]伏磊,黄晨.薄型抢险救援服内层非织造材料的制备及性能[J].产业用纺织品,2017(5):8-15.FU Lei,HUANG Chen. Preparation and properties of in-ner nonwovens for the thin type of emergency rescue garment[J]. Technical Textiles,2017(5):8-15.
[13]曾晓明,肖振年.一种多功能抢险救援服面料结构:206416607 U[P]. 2017-08-18.ZENG Xiaoming,XIAO Zhennian. A multi-functional fabric structure for emergency rescue suit:206416607 U[P]. 2017-08-18.
[14]张美进,白建坤.应对自然灾害国际救援制服标识意义与应用思考[J].中国个体防护装备,2012(4):25-27.ZHANG Meijin,BAI Jiankun. Significance and application thoughts on international rescue uniform logo in response to natural disasters[J]. China Personal Protective Equipment,2012(4):25-27.
[15] WANG H X,WANG X G,LI T. Unidirectiona I water transfer effect from fabrics having a superhy drophobicto-hydrophiIic gradient[J]. Journa I of Nano-Science and Nanotechno Iogy,2013(13):839-842.
[16]支荣钏,张强.反光材料在警用救援服中的应用研究[J].中国个体防护装备,2016(2):46-50.ZHI Rongchuan, ZHANG Qiang. Research on application of reflective materials in the police rescue clothing[J]. China Personal Protective Equipment,2016(2):46-50.
[17] RUCKMAN J E,MURRAY R,CHOI H S. Engineering of clothing systems for improved thermophysiological comfort:the effect of openings[J]. International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 1999,10(1):37-52.
[18] ADABMS P S,SLCUM A C,KEYSERLING W M. A model for protective clothing effects on performance[J].International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology,1994,6(4):6-16.
[19] HAVENITH G. Heat balance when wearing protective clothing[J]. The Annual Occupational of Hygiene,1999,43(5):289-296.
[20] LI J,BARKER R L,DEATON A S. Evaluating the effects of material component and design feature on heat transfer in firefighter turnout clothing by a sweating manikin[J]. Textile Research Journal,2007,77(2):59-66.
[21]李毅.服装舒适性与产品开发[M].北京:中国纺织出版社,2002:107.LI Yi. Clothing Comfort and Development[M]. Beijing:China Textile&Apparel Press,2002:107.
[22] MULLET K K. The effect of shoulder position on four sleeve/bodice structure[D]. Blacksburg:Virginia State University,1991:147-151.
[23]董鹏.地震灾害应急救援人员的安全防护[J].中国个体防护装备,2015(4):51-53.DONG Peng. Safety Protection of emergency rescue personnel for earthquake disaster[J]. China Personal Protective Equipment,2015(4):51-53.
[24] UMBACH K H. Physiological tests and evaluation models for the optimization of the performance of protective clothing[C]//MEKJAVIC IB,BANISTER E W,MORRISON J B. Developments in Environmental Ergonomics. New York:IEEE Computer Society,1988:139-161.
[25] LEE C, KIM I Y, WOOD A. Investigation and correlation of manikin and bench-scale fire testing of clothing systems[J]. Fire and Materials,2002(26):269-278.
[26] CAMENZIND M A,DALE D J,ROSSI R M. Manikin test for flame engulfment evaluation of protective clothing:historical review and development of a new ISO standard[J]. Fire and Materials,2007(31):285-295.
[27] BEHMANN F W, GOLDMAN R F, Bernhard K.Handbook on Clothing[M]. 2nd ed.[S. l.]:Research Study Group 7 on Bio-Medical Research Aspects of Military Protective Clothing,2007:16.
[28] HUCK J. Protective clothing systems:a technique for evaluating restriction of wearer mobility[J]. Applied Ergonomics,1988,19(3):185-190.
[29] PARK K,ROSENGREN K S,HORN G P,et al. Effect of load carriage on gait due to firefighting air bottle configuration[J]. Ergonomics,2010,53:882-891.
[30] GEORGE H,RONALD H. A test battery related to ergonomics of protective clothing[J]. Applied Ergonomics,2004(35):3-20.
[31]沈润娥.防护服的发展和改革[J].中国劳动防护用品,1995(1):15-17.SHEN Run'e. Development and reform of protective clothing[J]. Labor Protection Articles in China,1995(1):15-17.
[32]贾司光,陈景山.人体力学的生理基础及其在压力防护服设计中的应用[J].航天医学与医学工程,1996(6):436-440.JIA Siguang,CHEN Jingshan. The physiological basis of human mechanics and its application in the design of pressure protective clothing[J]. Space medicine and medical engineering,1996(6):436-440.
[33] LOTENS W A. Optimal Design Principles for Clothing Systems[M]. Soesterbery:Institute of Perception,1988:75-79.
[34]胡淑蓉,李俊.防护服性能测评的研究进展[J].纺织学报,2011,32(5):148-154.HU Shurong,LI Jun. Progress in research of protective clothing performance test and evaluation[J]. Journal of Textile Research,2011,32(5):148-154.
[35]郭晓芳,李俊.防护服装的应用及发展趋势[J].中国个体防护装备,2007(6):16-19.GUO Xiaofang,LI Jun. Application and development trend of protective clothing[J]. China Personal Protective Equipment,2007(6):16-19.
[36]周宏.全球个体防护装备产业现状与发展趋势[J].中国个体防护装备,2009(2):5-8.ZHOU Hong. The current situation and development trend of the global individual protection equipment industry[J]. China Personal Protective Equipment,2009(2):5-8.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |