不同颜色地膜覆盖下春玉米主要生长性状对耕层积温的响应
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摘要
为了探讨东北雨养区不同颜色地膜覆盖下春玉米主要生长性状和产量对耕层积温的响应规律,设置了无色透明膜(M1)、黑膜(M2)和露地对照(M0)田间试验。根据2016和2017两年数据,应用Slogistic方程拟合了不同颜色地膜覆盖下玉米株高、成熟期之前叶面积指数以及干物质累积随耕层积温变化动态,通过逐步回归分析探讨了玉米干物质累积的Slogistic曲线特征量与产量关系。研究表明:1)玉米株高渐增期的平均生长速率大小表现为M2>M1>M0,在快增期表现为M2>M0>M1,缓增期表现为M0>M2>M1;2)玉米叶面积指数渐增期和缓增期平均增长速率表现与株高一致,快增期则表现为M2>M1>M0,黑膜处理下叶面积指数和最大增加速率最高,无色透明膜处理次之;3)黑膜处理显著增加了快增期干物质累积持续时间,并且较无色透明地膜和露地处理率先进入干物质累积快增期,这有助于提高玉米产量;4)干物质累积最大速率、干物质累积曲线拐点等特征量与产量密切相关,达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。研究认为,地膜覆盖对玉米生长渐增期影响较大,其中无色透明膜加速玉米衰老;黑膜处理下干物质累积最大,产量最高,玉米生长更稳定。对玉米生长性状和产量的研究,可用于玉米生产管理决策中作物生长路线的设计,能够为提高玉米生产管理水平提供决策依据。
The objective of this research was to study the effects of surface-layer accumulated temperature on major growth traits of spring maize under different colored plastic film mulching in the rain-fed region of Northeast China.Field experiments with three film mulching treatments:no mulch(M0),colorless transparent plastic film mulch(M1)and black plastic film mulch(M2),were conducted.Slogistic equation was used to fit the progression of maize plant height,leaf area index,and dry matter accumulation as a function of surface-layer accumulated temperature.It was found that the average rate of maize plant height increase ranked M2>M1>M0during early growth,M2>M0>M1during stem elongation,and M0>M2>M1during grain development.The treatment rankings for accumulation rate of maize leaf area index followed those of plant height during early growth and grain development stages,but ranked M2>M1>M0during stem elongation.The black film(M2)treatment significantly increased the duration of dry matter accumulation during the stem elongation stage and reached the stem elongation growth phase earlier than other treatments,and so contributed to improved maize yield.There was a significant relationship between maximum dry matter accumulation rate,the accumulated temperature at which the inflexions of the dry matter accumulation curves occurred,other parameters of the Slogistic equation,and maize yield.The results show that film mulching had the greatest impact on maize development during the early growth stage.Transparent plastic film accelerated leaf senescence,while the black plastic film treatment had the largest dry matter accumulation rate and the highest yield.Results from this research into the effect of mulching treatment options on the growth dynamics of maize and on maize yield can be used to improve resource use efficiency and output of maize production systems.
The objective of this research was to study the effects of surface-layer accumulated temperature on major growth traits of spring maize under different colored plastic film mulching in the rain-fed region of Northeast China.Field experiments with three film mulching treatments:no mulch(M0),colorless transparent plastic film mulch(M1)and black plastic film mulch(M2),were conducted.Slogistic equation was used to fit the progression of maize plant height,leaf area index,and dry matter accumulation as a function of surface-layer accumulated temperature.It was found that the average rate of maize plant height increase ranked M2>M1>M0during early growth,M2>M0>M1during stem elongation,and M0>M2>M1during grain development.The treatment rankings for accumulation rate of maize leaf area index followed those of plant height during early growth and grain development stages,but ranked M2>M1>M0during stem elongation.The black film(M2)treatment significantly increased the duration of dry matter accumulation during the stem elongation stage and reached the stem elongation growth phase earlier than other treatments,and so contributed to improved maize yield.There was a significant relationship between maximum dry matter accumulation rate,the accumulated temperature at which the inflexions of the dry matter accumulation curves occurred,other parameters of the Slogistic equation,and maize yield.The results show that film mulching had the greatest impact on maize development during the early growth stage.Transparent plastic film accelerated leaf senescence,while the black plastic film treatment had the largest dry matter accumulation rate and the highest yield.Results from this research into the effect of mulching treatment options on the growth dynamics of maize and on maize yield can be used to improve resource use efficiency and output of maize production systems.
引文
[1] Ma S Q,Wang Q,Chen F T,et al.Impact of spring maize seeding growth on yield and assessment models of production cut under background of spring drought.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(Supple 1):171-179.马树庆,王琪,陈凤涛,等.春旱背景下春玉米苗情对产量的影响及减产评估模式.农业工程学报,2015,31(增刊1):171-179.
[2] Liu Q,Chen Y,Li W,et al.Plastic-film mulching and urea types affect soil CO2emissions and grain yield inspring maize on the Loess Plateau.Scientific Reports,2016,6:28150.
[3] Li S Z,Fan T L,Zhao G,et al.Effects of different cultivation patterns on soil moisture,temperature,yield and quality of dryland maize.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2018,27(4):34-44.李尚中,樊廷录,赵刚,等.旱地玉米不同覆盖栽培模式的土壤水热特征及产量品质效应.草业学报,2018,27(4):34-44.
[4] Gao Y H,Niu J Y,Xu R,et al.Effects of different film mulching on photosynthesis,transpiration rate and leaf water use efficiency of maize.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(5):178-184.高玉红,牛俊义,徐锐,等.不同覆膜方式对玉米叶片光合、蒸腾及水分利用效率的影响.草业学报,2012,21(5):178-184.
[5] Li S Z,Fan T L,Zhao G,et al.Effects of hybrid,plant density and plastic film mulching on yield and water use efficiency of dryland maize.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(12):35-47.李尚中,樊廷录,赵刚,等.品种、密度与覆膜方式对旱地春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响.草业学报,2017,26(12):35-47.
[6] Qi Y H,Yue D C,Cao S F,et al.Soil moisture,soil temperature,weed control and yield effects of double ridge plastic film mulching in maize production.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(11):176-184.漆永红,岳德成,曹素芳,等.全膜双垄沟播玉米土壤含水率和温度及杂草去除效应.草业学报,2017,26(11):176-184.
[7] Wang L,Xie D T,Liu H L,et al.A universal growth model for maize leaf area index.Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),2004,26(3):303-306.王玲,谢德体,刘海隆,等.玉米叶面积指数的普适增长模型.西南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,26(3):303-306.
[8] Zhang X D,Cai H J,Fu Y J,et al.Study on the variation of leaf area index of summer maize in loess region.Agricultural Research in the Arid Area,2006,24(2):25-29.张旭东,蔡焕杰,付玉娟,等.黄土区夏玉米叶面积指数变化规律的研究.干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(2):25-29.
[9] Zhang Y S,Yu Z R,Driessen P M.Experimental study of assimilate production,partitioning and translocation among plant organs in summer maize(Zea mays)under various environmental and management conditions.Acta Agronomica Sinica,2002,28(1):104-109.张银锁,宇振荣,Driessen P M.环境条件和栽培管理对夏玉米干物质积累、分配及转移的试验研究.作物学报,2002,28(1):104-109.
[10] Zhao J,Zheng Z F,Fang Y R,et al.Effect of dry matter accumulation characteristics on yield of winter wheat analyzed by dynamic simulation model.Acta Agronomica Sinica,2013,39(2):300-308.赵姣,郑志芳,方艳茹,等.基于动态模拟模型分析冬小麦干物质积累特征对产量的影响.作物学报,2013,39(2):300-308.
[11] Sepaskhah A R,Fahandezh-Saadi S,Zand-Parsa S.Logistic model application for prediction of maize yield under water and nitrogen management.Agricultural Water Management,2011,99(1):51-57.
[12] LüX.Studies on effects of ecological factors on growth of maize and establishment of climate ecology model and appraisement system.Tai'an:Shandong Agricultural University,2002.吕新.生态因素对玉米生长发育影响及气候生态模型与评价系统建立的研究.泰安:山东农业大学,2002.
[13] Wang J,Cai H J,Chen F,et al.Experimental study on evapotranspiration and soil evaporation in summer maize field.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004,(11):108-113.王健,蔡焕杰,陈凤,等.夏玉米田蒸发蒸腾量与棵间蒸发的试验研究.水利学报,2004,(11):108-113.
[14] Wang R D,Yin J Z.Crop cultivation science.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2015.王荣栋,尹经章.作物栽培学.北京:高等教育出版社出版,2015.
[15] Yang N,Sun Z X,Zhang L Z,et al.Simulation of water use process by film mulched cultivated maize based on improved AquaCrop model and its verification.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(Supple 1):122-132.杨宁,孙占祥,张立桢,等.基于改进AquaCrop模型的覆膜栽培玉米水分利用过程模拟与验证.农业工程学报,2015,31(增刊1):122-132.
[16] Qiao J,Zhu J C,Zhao J.Study on the effect of dry matter accumulation process on maize yield based on Logistic model.Journal of China Agricultural University,2011,16(5):32-38.乔嘉,朱金城,赵姣.基于Logistic模型的玉米干物质积累过程对产量影响研究.中国农业大学学报,2011,16(5):32-38.
[17] Lin Z H,Xiang Y Q,Mo X G,et al.Normalized leaf area index model for summer maize.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2003,11(4):69-72.林忠辉,项月琴,莫兴国,等.夏玉米叶面积指数增长模型的研究.中国生态农业学报,2003,11(4):69-72.
[18] Zhang L L,Sun S J,Chen Z J,et al.Effects of different colored plastic film mulching and planting density on dry matter accumulation and yield of spring maize.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,29(1):113-124.张琳琳,孙仕军,陈志君,等.不同颜色地膜与种植密度对春玉米干物质积累和产量的影响.应用生态学报,2018,29(1):113-124.
[19] Dang J,Liang W,Wang G,et al.A preliminary study of the effects of plastic film-mulched raised beds on soil temperature and crop performance of early-sown short-season spring maize(Zea mays L.)in the north China plain.The Crop Journal,2016,4(4):331-337.
[20] Tarara J M.Microclimate modification with plastic mulch.Hortscience,2000,35(2):169-180.
[21] Fu X L,Zhao M,Zhou B Y,et al.Optimal model for dynamic characteristics of grain weight commonly used in wheat and maize.Acta Agronomica Sinica,2009,35(2):309-316.付雪丽,赵明,周宝元,等.小麦、玉米粒重动态共性特征及其最佳模型的筛选与应用.作物学报,2009,35(2):309-316.
[22] Kong D Y,Zhi H,Zhang F Q,et al.Dynamic growth models joint with changes of accumulated soil temperature for corn mulched and unmulched with plastic film in Hetao areas.Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2008,29(1):67-70.孔德胤,智海,张富强,等.河套地区覆膜与裸地玉米随地积温变化的生长动态模型.中国农业气象,2008,29(1):67-70.
[2] Liu Q,Chen Y,Li W,et al.Plastic-film mulching and urea types affect soil CO2emissions and grain yield inspring maize on the Loess Plateau.Scientific Reports,2016,6:28150.
[3] Li S Z,Fan T L,Zhao G,et al.Effects of different cultivation patterns on soil moisture,temperature,yield and quality of dryland maize.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2018,27(4):34-44.李尚中,樊廷录,赵刚,等.旱地玉米不同覆盖栽培模式的土壤水热特征及产量品质效应.草业学报,2018,27(4):34-44.
[4] Gao Y H,Niu J Y,Xu R,et al.Effects of different film mulching on photosynthesis,transpiration rate and leaf water use efficiency of maize.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(5):178-184.高玉红,牛俊义,徐锐,等.不同覆膜方式对玉米叶片光合、蒸腾及水分利用效率的影响.草业学报,2012,21(5):178-184.
[5] Li S Z,Fan T L,Zhao G,et al.Effects of hybrid,plant density and plastic film mulching on yield and water use efficiency of dryland maize.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(12):35-47.李尚中,樊廷录,赵刚,等.品种、密度与覆膜方式对旱地春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响.草业学报,2017,26(12):35-47.
[6] Qi Y H,Yue D C,Cao S F,et al.Soil moisture,soil temperature,weed control and yield effects of double ridge plastic film mulching in maize production.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(11):176-184.漆永红,岳德成,曹素芳,等.全膜双垄沟播玉米土壤含水率和温度及杂草去除效应.草业学报,2017,26(11):176-184.
[7] Wang L,Xie D T,Liu H L,et al.A universal growth model for maize leaf area index.Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),2004,26(3):303-306.王玲,谢德体,刘海隆,等.玉米叶面积指数的普适增长模型.西南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,26(3):303-306.
[8] Zhang X D,Cai H J,Fu Y J,et al.Study on the variation of leaf area index of summer maize in loess region.Agricultural Research in the Arid Area,2006,24(2):25-29.张旭东,蔡焕杰,付玉娟,等.黄土区夏玉米叶面积指数变化规律的研究.干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(2):25-29.
[9] Zhang Y S,Yu Z R,Driessen P M.Experimental study of assimilate production,partitioning and translocation among plant organs in summer maize(Zea mays)under various environmental and management conditions.Acta Agronomica Sinica,2002,28(1):104-109.张银锁,宇振荣,Driessen P M.环境条件和栽培管理对夏玉米干物质积累、分配及转移的试验研究.作物学报,2002,28(1):104-109.
[10] Zhao J,Zheng Z F,Fang Y R,et al.Effect of dry matter accumulation characteristics on yield of winter wheat analyzed by dynamic simulation model.Acta Agronomica Sinica,2013,39(2):300-308.赵姣,郑志芳,方艳茹,等.基于动态模拟模型分析冬小麦干物质积累特征对产量的影响.作物学报,2013,39(2):300-308.
[11] Sepaskhah A R,Fahandezh-Saadi S,Zand-Parsa S.Logistic model application for prediction of maize yield under water and nitrogen management.Agricultural Water Management,2011,99(1):51-57.
[12] LüX.Studies on effects of ecological factors on growth of maize and establishment of climate ecology model and appraisement system.Tai'an:Shandong Agricultural University,2002.吕新.生态因素对玉米生长发育影响及气候生态模型与评价系统建立的研究.泰安:山东农业大学,2002.
[13] Wang J,Cai H J,Chen F,et al.Experimental study on evapotranspiration and soil evaporation in summer maize field.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004,(11):108-113.王健,蔡焕杰,陈凤,等.夏玉米田蒸发蒸腾量与棵间蒸发的试验研究.水利学报,2004,(11):108-113.
[14] Wang R D,Yin J Z.Crop cultivation science.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2015.王荣栋,尹经章.作物栽培学.北京:高等教育出版社出版,2015.
[15] Yang N,Sun Z X,Zhang L Z,et al.Simulation of water use process by film mulched cultivated maize based on improved AquaCrop model and its verification.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(Supple 1):122-132.杨宁,孙占祥,张立桢,等.基于改进AquaCrop模型的覆膜栽培玉米水分利用过程模拟与验证.农业工程学报,2015,31(增刊1):122-132.
[16] Qiao J,Zhu J C,Zhao J.Study on the effect of dry matter accumulation process on maize yield based on Logistic model.Journal of China Agricultural University,2011,16(5):32-38.乔嘉,朱金城,赵姣.基于Logistic模型的玉米干物质积累过程对产量影响研究.中国农业大学学报,2011,16(5):32-38.
[17] Lin Z H,Xiang Y Q,Mo X G,et al.Normalized leaf area index model for summer maize.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2003,11(4):69-72.林忠辉,项月琴,莫兴国,等.夏玉米叶面积指数增长模型的研究.中国生态农业学报,2003,11(4):69-72.
[18] Zhang L L,Sun S J,Chen Z J,et al.Effects of different colored plastic film mulching and planting density on dry matter accumulation and yield of spring maize.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,29(1):113-124.张琳琳,孙仕军,陈志君,等.不同颜色地膜与种植密度对春玉米干物质积累和产量的影响.应用生态学报,2018,29(1):113-124.
[19] Dang J,Liang W,Wang G,et al.A preliminary study of the effects of plastic film-mulched raised beds on soil temperature and crop performance of early-sown short-season spring maize(Zea mays L.)in the north China plain.The Crop Journal,2016,4(4):331-337.
[20] Tarara J M.Microclimate modification with plastic mulch.Hortscience,2000,35(2):169-180.
[21] Fu X L,Zhao M,Zhou B Y,et al.Optimal model for dynamic characteristics of grain weight commonly used in wheat and maize.Acta Agronomica Sinica,2009,35(2):309-316.付雪丽,赵明,周宝元,等.小麦、玉米粒重动态共性特征及其最佳模型的筛选与应用.作物学报,2009,35(2):309-316.
[22] Kong D Y,Zhi H,Zhang F Q,et al.Dynamic growth models joint with changes of accumulated soil temperature for corn mulched and unmulched with plastic film in Hetao areas.Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2008,29(1):67-70.孔德胤,智海,张富强,等.河套地区覆膜与裸地玉米随地积温变化的生长动态模型.中国农业气象,2008,29(1):67-70.
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