Differentiation of retinal ganglion cells from induced pluripotent stem cells: a review
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摘要
Glaucoma is a common optic neuropathy that is characterized by the progressive degeneration of axons and the loss of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs). Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Current glaucoma treatments only slow the progression of RGCs loss. Induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs) are capable of differentiating into all three germ layer cell lineages. iPSCs can be patient-specific,making iPSC-derived RGCs a promising candidate for cell replacement. In this review, we focus on discussing the detailed approaches used to differentiate iPSCs into RGCs.
Glaucoma is a common optic neuropathy that is characterized by the progressive degeneration of axons and the loss of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs). Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Current glaucoma treatments only slow the progression of RGCs loss. Induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs) are capable of differentiating into all three germ layer cell lineages. iPSCs can be patient-specific,making iPSC-derived RGCs a promising candidate for cell replacement. In this review, we focus on discussing the detailed approaches used to differentiate iPSCs into RGCs.
Glaucoma is a common optic neuropathy that is characterized by the progressive degeneration of axons and the loss of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs). Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Current glaucoma treatments only slow the progression of RGCs loss. Induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs) are capable of differentiating into all three germ layer cell lineages. iPSCs can be patient-specific,making iPSC-derived RGCs a promising candidate for cell replacement. In this review, we focus on discussing the detailed approaches used to differentiate iPSCs into RGCs.
引文
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4 Danesh-Meyer HV.Neuroprotection in glaucoma:recent and future directions.Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2011;22(2):78-86.
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2 Fan BJ,Wiggs JL.Glaucoma:genes,phenotypes,and new directions for therapy.J Clin Invest 2010;120(9):3064-3072.
3 Chang EE,Goldberg JL.Glaucoma 2.0:Neuroprotection,neuroregeneration,neuroenhancement.Ophthalmology 2012;119(5):979-986.
4 Danesh-Meyer HV.Neuroprotection in glaucoma:recent and future directions.Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2011;22(2):78-86.
5 Thomas KE,Moon LD.Will stem cell therapies be safe and effective for treating spinal cord injuries?Br Med Bull 2011;98(1):127-142.
6 Abematsu M,Tsujimura K,Yamano M,Saito M,Kohno K,Kohyama J,Namihira M,Komiya S,Nakashima K.Neurons derived from transplanted neural stem cells restore disrupted neuronal circuitry in a mouse model of spinal cord injury.J Clin Invest 2010;120(9):3255-3266.
7 Garcia JM,Mendonca L,Brant R,Abud M,Regatieri C,Diniz B.Stem cell therapy for retinal diseases.World J Stem Cells 2015;7(1):160-164.
8 Mead B,Berry M,Logan A,Scott RA,Leadbeater W,Scheven BA.Stem cell treatment of degenerative eye disease.Stem Cell Res2015;14(3):243-257.
9 Takahashi K,Yamanaka S.Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors.Cell2006;126(4):663-676.
10 Hu W,He Y,Xiong Y,Lu H,Chen H,Hou L,Qiu Z,Fang Y,Zhang S.Derivation,expansion,and motor neuron differentiation of HumanInduced pluripotent stem cells with non-integrating episomal vectors and a defined xenogeneic-free culture system.Mol Neurobiol 2016;53(3):1589-1600.
11 Chou BK,Mali P,Huang X,Ye Z,Dowey SN,Resar LM,Zou C,Zhang YA,Tong J,Cheng L.Efficient human iPS cell derivation by a non-integrating plasmid from blood cells with unique epigenetic and gene expression signatures.Cell Res 2011;21(3):518-529.
12 Miyoshi N,Ishii H,Nagano H,Haraguchi N,Dewi DL,Kano Y,Nishikawa S,Tanemura M,Mimori K,Tanaka F,Saito T,Nishimura J,Takemasa I,Mizushima T,Ikeda M,Yamamoto H,Sekimoto M,Doki Y,Mori M.Reprogramming of mouse and human cells to pluripotency using mature microRNAs.Cell Stem Cell 2011;8(6):633-638.
13 Kaji K,Norrby K,Paca A,Mileikovsky M,Mohseni P,Woltjen K.Virus-free induction of pluripotency and subsequent excision of reprogramming factors.Nature 2009;458(7239):771-775.
14 Huangfu D,Maehr R,Guo W,Eijkelenboom A,Snitow M,Chen AE,Melton DA.Induction of pluripotent stem cells by defined factors is greatly improved by small-molecule compounds.Nat Biotechnol2008;26(7):795-797.
15 Mikkelsen TS,Hanna J,Zhang X,Ku M,Wernig M,Schorderet P,Bernstein BE,Jaenisch R,Lander ES,Meissner A.Dissecting direct reprogramming through integrative genomic analysis.Nature2008;454(7200):49-55.
16 Mali P,Chou BK,Yen J,Ye Z,Zou J,Dowey S,Brodsky RA,Ohm JE,Yu W,Baylin SB,Yusa K,Bradley A,Meyers DJ,Mukherjee C,Cole PA,Cheng L.Butyrate greatly enhances derivation of human induced pluripotent stem cells by promoting epigenetic remodeling and the expression of pluripotency-associated genes.Stem Cells 2010;28(4):713-720.
17 Esteban MA,Wang T,Qin B,Yang J,Qin D,Cai J,Li W,Weng Z,Chen J,Ni S,Chen K,Li Y,Liu X,Xu J,Zhang S,Li F,He W,Labuda K,Song Y,Peterbauer A,Wolbank S,Redl H,Zhong M,Cai D,Zeng L,Pei D.Vitamin C enhances the generation of mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cells.Cell Stem Cell 2010;6(1):71-79.
18 Megges M,Oreffo RO,Adjaye J.Episomal plasmid-based generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from fetal femur-derived human mesenchymal stromal cells.Stem Cell Res 2016;16(1):128-132.
19 Yu J,Chau KF,Vodyanik MA,Jiang J,Jiang Y.Efficient feederfree episomal reprogramming with small molecules.PLoS One2011;6(3):e17557.
20 Reichman S,Terray A,Slembrouck A,Nanteau C,Orieux G,Habeler W,Nandrot EF,Sahel JA,Monville C,Goureau O.From confluent human i PS cells to self-forming neural retina and retinal pigmented epithelium.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014;111(23):8518-8523.
21 Parameswaran S,Balasubramanian S,Babai N,Qiu F,Eudy JD,Thoreson WB,Ahmad I.Induced pluripotent stem cells generate both retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptors:therapeutic implications in degenerative changes in glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration.Stem Cells 2010;28(4):695-703.
22 Yu J,Vodyanik MA,Smuga-Otto K,Antosiewicz-Bourget J,Frane JL,Tian S,Nie J,Jonsdottir GA,Ruotti V,Stewart R,Slukvin II,Thomson JA.Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells.Science 2007;318(5858):1917-1920.
23 Tsubooka N,Ichisaka T,Okita K,Takahashi K,Nakagawa M,Yamanaka S.Roles of Sall4 in the generation of pluripotent stem cells from blastocysts and fibroblasts.Genes Cells 2009;14(6):683-694.
24 Maekawa M,Yamaguchi K,Nakamura T,Shibukawa R,Kodanaka I,Ichisaka T,Kawamura Y,Mochizuki H,Goshima N,Yamanaka S.Direct reprogramming of somatic cells is promoted by maternal transcription factor Glis1.Nature 2011;474(7350):225-229.
25 Okita K,Matsumura Y,Sato Y,Okada A,Morizane A,Okamoto S,Hong H,Nakagawa M,Tanabe K,Tezuka K,Shibata T,Kunisada T,Takahashi M,Takahashi J,Saji H,Yamanaka S.A more efficient method to generate integration-free human iPS cells.Nat Methods 2011;8(5):409-412.
26 Edel MJ,Menchon C,Menendez S,Consiglio A,Raya A,Izpisua Belmonte JC.Rem2 GTPase maintains survival of human embryonic stem cells as well as enhancing reprogramming by regulating p53 and cyclin D1.Genes Dev 2010;24(6):561-573.
27 Mali P,Ye Z,Hommond HH,Yu X,Lin J,Chen G,Zou J,Cheng L.Improved efficiency and pace of generating induced pluripotent stem cells from human adult and fetal fibroblasts.Stem Cells 2008;26(8):1998-2005.
28 Zhou W,Freed CR.Adenoviral gene delivery can reprogram human fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells.Stem Cells 2009;27(11):2667-2674.
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