近代中国城市土地管理制度变迁的比较及对城市后续发展的影响
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摘要
近代中国城市化中城市扩展的模式各异,其土地管理制度变革的模式不同,既有诱致型的制度变迁,又有移植的及内省的供给主导型制度变迁。不同的城市尽管制度变迁模式不同,但均具备近代经济发展的基础,并受到传统文化、习俗及西方文化的影响。然而不同的变迁诱因、变迁环境及路径,使得城市构建的近代制度呈现出不同的特点,并对城市的后续发展产生了不同的影响。政府强力主导的变迁,基本确立了城市有序发展的基础,而更多依赖社会力量实现变迁的城市则出现了发展的非持续性。同时,不同的制度模式长期并存的城市,城市发展虽然很快,但极不均衡,而传统政治中心城市由于政府极强的维护统治的政治目的及传统文化的强约束,变革及发展非常缓慢。
The patterns of urban expansion in urbanization in modern China are different with variant patterns of land management system transformation. They have both induced institutional changes and oriented changes. Different cities have different economic development patterns,but all of them are influenced by traditional culture,customs and received influence from the West as well. However,different inducements,environment and paths make different characteristics of modern construction system. Moreover it had different impacts on the subsequent development. The government's strong dominance established the basis of the smooth development,and those cities dependent on the social forces show more non-sustainability. Meanwhile,the cities in which different institutional modes coexist have unbalanced development,while the traditional political-centered cities are changing slowly due to the maintenance of governing and traditional culture.
The patterns of urban expansion in urbanization in modern China are different with variant patterns of land management system transformation. They have both induced institutional changes and oriented changes. Different cities have different economic development patterns,but all of them are influenced by traditional culture,customs and received influence from the West as well. However,different inducements,environment and paths make different characteristics of modern construction system. Moreover it had different impacts on the subsequent development. The government's strong dominance established the basis of the smooth development,and those cities dependent on the social forces show more non-sustainability. Meanwhile,the cities in which different institutional modes coexist have unbalanced development,while the traditional political-centered cities are changing slowly due to the maintenance of governing and traditional culture.
引文
(1)贾彩彦:《近代不同城市扩展模式对城市土地管理制度变革的影响》,《上海财经大学学报》2012年第6期。
(1)夏仁虎:《旧京琐记》,北京:古籍出版社,1986年,第36页。
(1)许檀:《明清时期城乡市场网络体系的形成及意义》,《中国社会科学》2000年第2期。
(1)李文治编:《中国近代农业史资料》(第一辑),上海:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1957年,第44页。
(2)马学强:《从传统到近代:江南城镇土地产权制度研究》,上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2002年,第382页。
(1)许纪霖、陈达凯:《中国现代化》(第1卷),上海:学林出版社,2006年,第34页。
(2)宣统元年《上海指南》,卷一“总纲”。上海:商务印书馆,第1页。
(1)[法]梅朋、傅立德:《上海法租界史》,上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2007年,第216~217页。
(2)[德]沙美著,朱和中译:《胶州行政》,上海:民智书局,1923年,第46页。
(1)王守中、郭大松:《近代山东城市变迁史》,济南:山东教育出版社,2001年,第208页。
(2)《南通县志》,第584页。
(1)夏仁虎:《旧京琐记》,北京:古籍出版社,1986年,第36页。
(1)许檀:《明清时期城乡市场网络体系的形成及意义》,《中国社会科学》2000年第2期。
(1)李文治编:《中国近代农业史资料》(第一辑),上海:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1957年,第44页。
(2)马学强:《从传统到近代:江南城镇土地产权制度研究》,上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2002年,第382页。
(1)许纪霖、陈达凯:《中国现代化》(第1卷),上海:学林出版社,2006年,第34页。
(2)宣统元年《上海指南》,卷一“总纲”。上海:商务印书馆,第1页。
(1)[法]梅朋、傅立德:《上海法租界史》,上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2007年,第216~217页。
(2)[德]沙美著,朱和中译:《胶州行政》,上海:民智书局,1923年,第46页。
(1)王守中、郭大松:《近代山东城市变迁史》,济南:山东教育出版社,2001年,第208页。
(2)《南通县志》,第584页。