华北克拉通北缘牛圈银矿区两期A型花岗岩的成因及其构造意义
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摘要
西伯利亚板块和华北克拉通之间的古亚洲洋最终消减闭合的时间问题一直存在很大的争议,对区域内A型花岗岩的研究可以为该问题的解决提供有效约束。本文详细研究了华北克拉通北缘牛圈银矿区及其外围出露的海西期A型花岗岩和相关的暗色镁铁质微粒包体及辉绿岩脉的地质年代学和地球化学特征,以期解释其岩石成因并讨论构造指示意义。牛圈银矿区的花岗岩主要包括中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩和细粒钾长花岗岩,锆石U-Pb定年结果表明中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩和细粒钾长花岗岩分别形成于268.7±3.2Ma和254.2±2.8Ma,基性辉绿岩脉则形成于267.6±3.9Ma,与矿区早期中粗粒黑云母花岗岩几乎同时代或略晚。矿区两期花岗岩都具有弱过铝质特征,属于高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列岩石,均以高SiO_2、富碱、高FeO~T/(FeO~T+MgO)和Ga/Al比值;贫CaO、MgO、TiO_2、P_2O_5;富集Rb、Th、U、Y、F而亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Eu等为特征,结合矿物学特征(半自形石英、他形铁质黑云母、出现条纹长石、缺乏碱性暗色矿物等)表明它们均为铝质A_2型花岗岩。这也得到了较高的全岩锆石饱和温度(T_(Zr))的支持,中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩和细粒钾长花岗岩的岩浆结晶温度分别为784～822℃(平均值805℃)和843～871℃(平均值856℃)。中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩中广泛发育镁铁质暗色包体。本文认为牛圈中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩为古元古界红旗营子群基底杂岩中的花岗质片麻岩为主的中下地壳物质部分熔融,并与幔源基性岩浆发生岩浆混合作用形成的。年代学、主微量元素及Sr-Nd同位素数据表明,牛圈细粒钾长花岗岩与中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩不是同一岩浆房演化的产物,而是代表两期岩浆活动,且晚期细粒钾长花岗岩形成过程中地幔物质添加相对更多。通过对牛圈银矿区两期A型花岗岩的研究,结合前人关于华北克拉通北缘中二叠世碱性岩浆岩带的研究,本文认为华北北缘在中二叠世伊始(～270Ma)就已经发生构造体制转换并进入后造山伸展环境,古亚洲洋的最终闭合可能早于270Ma。从牛圈早期中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩到晚期细粒钾长花岗岩的相继侵位,伴随着更多的地幔物质的加入,其A型花岗岩特征愈发明显,指示华北北缘被破坏大陆边缘越来越强烈的伸展作用。
The timing of final closure of the Paleo-AsianOcean and amalgamation between the Siberia and North China Craton(NCC)is still highly controversial.Investigations on the A-type granites in the region can provide effective constraints for the solution of such problem.Here we present detailed studies on geochronology and geochemical characteristics of the Hercynian A-type granites and subordinate mafic microgranular enclaves(MMEs)and diabase dykes from the Niujuan silver deposit and its surroundings in the northern margin of the NCC,with the aim of determining their petrogenesis and tectonic implications.The granites in the Niujuan mining district are composed of middle-coarse grained biotite monzogranite and fine grained K-feldspar granite.The results show that zircon U-Pb dating of the biotite monzogranite and K-feldspar granite yields an age of 268.7±3.2Ma and 254.2±2.8Ma,respectively.The diabase dyke yields a~(206)Pb/~(238)U age of 267.6±3.9Ma,which is coeval with,or a bit later than the middle-coarse grained biotite monzogranite.Both of the two type granites are weakly peraluminous,and belong to the high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic series.All of them are characterized by high SiO_2,K_2O+Na_2O,FeO~T/(FeO~T+MgO)and Ga/Al ratios and low CaO,MgO,P_2O_5and TiO_2contents,enriched in Rb,Th,U,Y and F,but depleted in Ba,Sr,P,Ti,and Eu,combined with the mineralogical characteristics such as the hypidiomorphic quartz,allotriomorphic Fe-rich annite,perthite as well as the lack of alkali mafic mineral,suggesting an aluminous A_2-type granite affinity.This is also supported by the relatively higher degree of zircon saturation thermometer that the magmatic temperatures were 784～822℃and 843～871℃for the biotite monzogranite and K-feldspar granite,respectively.We suggest that the middle-coarse grained biotite monzogranite was originated from a magma mixing process between felsic magma derived from melting of the Paleoproterozoic Hongqiyingzi Group complex dominated by metaigneous rocks with tonalitic to granodioritic compositions and mantle-derived mafic magma.Geochronology,major and trace element data,and the Sr-Nd isotopic data indicate that the biotite monzogranite and K-feldspar granite were not derived from the same magma chamber,but represent the two-stage magmatic activity,with the latter having more mantle-input during the formation process.Our study on the twostage A-type granites in the Niujuan silver deposit,alongside previous researches on the Middle Permian alkaline rocks along the northern margin of NCC,inferring that the northern margin of NCC has already undergone structural transformation and entered into the post-orogenic extension environment at the beginning of the Middle Permian(～270Ma),which means that the timing of final closure of the Paleo-AsianOcean may be earlier than 270Ma.With the successive emplacement of the A-type granites in the Niujuan region,the A-type affinity is much stronger accompanied by the more mantle materials input,which indicates that the northern margin of the NCC has entered into a more extensive regime as a destructive continental margin from Middle Permian to Triassic.
The timing of final closure of the Paleo-AsianOcean and amalgamation between the Siberia and North China Craton(NCC)is still highly controversial.Investigations on the A-type granites in the region can provide effective constraints for the solution of such problem.Here we present detailed studies on geochronology and geochemical characteristics of the Hercynian A-type granites and subordinate mafic microgranular enclaves(MMEs)and diabase dykes from the Niujuan silver deposit and its surroundings in the northern margin of the NCC,with the aim of determining their petrogenesis and tectonic implications.The granites in the Niujuan mining district are composed of middle-coarse grained biotite monzogranite and fine grained K-feldspar granite.The results show that zircon U-Pb dating of the biotite monzogranite and K-feldspar granite yields an age of 268.7±3.2Ma and 254.2±2.8Ma,respectively.The diabase dyke yields a~(206)Pb/~(238)U age of 267.6±3.9Ma,which is coeval with,or a bit later than the middle-coarse grained biotite monzogranite.Both of the two type granites are weakly peraluminous,and belong to the high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic series.All of them are characterized by high SiO_2,K_2O+Na_2O,FeO~T/(FeO~T+MgO)and Ga/Al ratios and low CaO,MgO,P_2O_5and TiO_2contents,enriched in Rb,Th,U,Y and F,but depleted in Ba,Sr,P,Ti,and Eu,combined with the mineralogical characteristics such as the hypidiomorphic quartz,allotriomorphic Fe-rich annite,perthite as well as the lack of alkali mafic mineral,suggesting an aluminous A_2-type granite affinity.This is also supported by the relatively higher degree of zircon saturation thermometer that the magmatic temperatures were 784～822℃and 843～871℃for the biotite monzogranite and K-feldspar granite,respectively.We suggest that the middle-coarse grained biotite monzogranite was originated from a magma mixing process between felsic magma derived from melting of the Paleoproterozoic Hongqiyingzi Group complex dominated by metaigneous rocks with tonalitic to granodioritic compositions and mantle-derived mafic magma.Geochronology,major and trace element data,and the Sr-Nd isotopic data indicate that the biotite monzogranite and K-feldspar granite were not derived from the same magma chamber,but represent the two-stage magmatic activity,with the latter having more mantle-input during the formation process.Our study on the twostage A-type granites in the Niujuan silver deposit,alongside previous researches on the Middle Permian alkaline rocks along the northern margin of NCC,inferring that the northern margin of NCC has already undergone structural transformation and entered into the post-orogenic extension environment at the beginning of the Middle Permian(～270Ma),which means that the timing of final closure of the Paleo-AsianOcean may be earlier than 270Ma.With the successive emplacement of the A-type granites in the Niujuan region,the A-type affinity is much stronger accompanied by the more mantle materials input,which indicates that the northern margin of the NCC has entered into a more extensive regime as a destructive continental margin from Middle Permian to Triassic.
引文
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