黄河源区高寒湿地近地面辐射收支特征初步分析
|
摘要
利用2014年6月1日～2015年5月15日黄河源区麻多陆面过程观测试验近地面辐射收支观测资料,分析高寒湿地下垫面辐射收支和反射率的时间变化特征。结果表明:黄河源区高寒湿地向下太阳短波辐射、地面向上短波辐射和地面向上长波辐射有明显日变化特征,大气向下长波辐射的日变化不明显。年平均日总量,地面长波向上辐射(26.784 MJ/m~2)最大,大气长波向下辐射次之(20.390 MJ/m~2),其次是向下太阳短波辐射(17.539 MJ/m~2),地面向上短波辐射(3.888 MJ/m~2)最小。以上各分量均为冬季最小,前2个分量春季最大,后2个分量夏季最大。典型晴天地表反射率日变化和季节变化特征均为"U"形,全年平均地表反射率为0.18。地面长波有效辐射日变化趋势明显,春季、秋季和冬季地面长波有效辐射日平均相差不大,而夏季略小。不同季节日间地表吸热值较大,数值差异也较大,而夜间放热值小且数值差异小,但维持时间较长(12～15 h),总的来说该地区为一个强热源。
The characteristics of the diurnal and seasonal variation of the radiation budget and the surface albedo of sunny day was analyzed based on the data collected during the source region of the Yellow River Maduo Xiang surface process observation test near-surface radiation budget observations,which was from June 1,2014 to May 15,2015. The result showed that in addition to atmospheric downward longwave radiation,downward solar radiation,ground upward shortwave radiation and upward longwave radiation have obvious diurnal variation. In terms of the annual average of daily amount,the ground upward longwave radiation(26.784 MJ/m~2)is the largest,followed by the atmospheric longwave downward radiation(20.390 MJ/m~2),followed by the downward shortwave radiation(17.539 MJ/m~2),the ground upward shortwave radiation(3.888 MJ/m~2)is the smallest. In different seasons,each component is minimal in winter,the first two components are the largest in spring and the last two components are the largest in summer. The diurnal and seasonal variation of the typical sunny surface albedo is "U" shape,and the annual average surface albedo was 0.18. The diurnal variation of the surface longwave effective radiation was evident. In the spring,fall and winter the difference between the diurnal averages are not evident. In the summer,it is slightly smaller. In different seasons,surface endothermic value islarge and exist big numerical differences during the daytime,but exothermic value is small and exist small numerical differences,and maintain a long time(12-15 h) during the nighttime. The area is a strong heat source during the daytime,a weak cold source during the nighttime and generally a strong heat source.
The characteristics of the diurnal and seasonal variation of the radiation budget and the surface albedo of sunny day was analyzed based on the data collected during the source region of the Yellow River Maduo Xiang surface process observation test near-surface radiation budget observations,which was from June 1,2014 to May 15,2015. The result showed that in addition to atmospheric downward longwave radiation,downward solar radiation,ground upward shortwave radiation and upward longwave radiation have obvious diurnal variation. In terms of the annual average of daily amount,the ground upward longwave radiation(26.784 MJ/m~2)is the largest,followed by the atmospheric longwave downward radiation(20.390 MJ/m~2),followed by the downward shortwave radiation(17.539 MJ/m~2),the ground upward shortwave radiation(3.888 MJ/m~2)is the smallest. In different seasons,each component is minimal in winter,the first two components are the largest in spring and the last two components are the largest in summer. The diurnal and seasonal variation of the typical sunny surface albedo is "U" shape,and the annual average surface albedo was 0.18. The diurnal variation of the surface longwave effective radiation was evident. In the spring,fall and winter the difference between the diurnal averages are not evident. In the summer,it is slightly smaller. In different seasons,surface endothermic value islarge and exist big numerical differences during the daytime,but exothermic value is small and exist small numerical differences,and maintain a long time(12-15 h) during the nighttime. The area is a strong heat source during the daytime,a weak cold source during the nighttime and generally a strong heat source.
引文
[1]李凤霞,常国刚,肖建设,等.黄河源区湿地变化与气候变化的关系研究[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(4):683—690.[1] Li Fengxia, Chang Guogang, Xiao Jianshe, et al.Relationship between wetlands changes and climatechange in the Yellow River source region[J]. Journalof Natural Resources,2009,24(4):683—690.
[2]谭鹏.湿地保护与退耕还湿的重要性探讨[J].资源节约与环保,2014,(3):142—143.[2] Tan Peng. Discuss the importance of wetland protectionand reversion of cultivated land to wetland[J].Resources Economization&Environmental Protection,2014,(3):142—143.
[3]马耀明,塚本修,吴晓鸣,等.藏北高原草甸下垫面近地层能量输送及微气象特征[J].大气科学,2000,24(5):715—722.[3] Ma Yaoming,Osamu Tsukamoto,Wu Xiaoming,et al.Characteristic of energy transfer and micrometeorologyin the surface layer of atmosphere above grassymarshland of the Tibetan plateau area[J]. ChineseJournal of Atmospheric Sciences,2000,24(5):715—722.
[4]钱泽雨,胡泽勇,杜萍,等.青藏高原北麓河地区近地层能量输送与微气象特征[J].高原气象,2005,24(1):43—48.[4] Qian Zeyu,Hu Zeyong,Du Ping,et al. Energy transferof near surface layer and micrometeorologycharacteristics in Bailuhe area of Qinghai-Xizang plateau[J]. Plateau Meteorology,2005,24(1):43—48.
[5]陈渭民,高庆先,洪刚.由GMS卫星资料获取我国夏季地表辐射收支[J].大气科学,1997,21(2):238—246.[5] Chen Weimin,Gao Qingxian,Hong Gang. Estimatingsurface radiation budgets over China in summer fromGMS satellite data[J]. Chinese Journal of AtmosphericSciences,1997,21(2):238—246.
[6]张强,曹晓彦.敦煌地区荒漠戈壁地表热量和辐射平衡特征点研究[J].大气科学,2003,27(2):245—254.[6] Zhang Qiang,Cao Xiaoyan. The influence of synopticconditions on the averaged surface heat and radiationbudget energy over desert or gobi[J]. Chinese Journal ofAtmospheric Sciences,2003,27(2):245—254.
[7]文小航,吕世华,尚伦宇,等. WRF模式对金塔绿洲-戈壁辐射收支的模拟研究[J].太阳能学报,2011,32(3):346—353.[7] Wen Xiaohang, Lyu Shihua, Shang Lunyu, et al.Numerical simulations of radiation budget using WRFmodel over the Jinta oasis-gobi[J]. Acta EnergiaeSolaris Sinica,2011,32(3):346—353.
[8]李英年,赵亮,张法伟,等.植物生长季海北高寒湿地辐射收支特征[J].冰川冻土,2006,28(4):549—555.[8] Li Yingnian, Zhao Liang, Zhang Fawei, et al.Characteristics of radiation balance on the alpinewetland in Haibei prefecture of the Qilian mountains ingrowing season[J]. Journal of Glaciology andGeocryology,2006,28(4):549—555.
[9]张宪洲,王辉明,张谊光.青藏高原冬小麦田辐射能流收支的初步研究[J].应用气象学报,1997,8(2):236—241.[9] Zhang Xianzhou,Wang Huiming,Zhang Yiguang. Astudy on radiation budget of the winter wheat field inTibet plateau[J]. Quarterly Journal of AppliedMeteorlolgy,1997,8(2):236—241.
[10]李英年.海北高寒草甸植被在生长期辐射能量收支探讨[J].草地学报,2001,9(1):58—63.[10] Li Yingnian. The study on the radiant energy budget ofalpine meadow vegetation in the sunny days during theplant growing season[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica,2001,9(1):58—63.
[11]钱泽雨,胡泽勇,杜萍,等.藏北高原典型草甸下垫面与HEIFE沙漠区辐射平衡气候学特征对比分析[J].太阳能学报,2003,24(4):453—459.[11] Qian Zeyu,Hu Zeyong,Du Ping,et al. Comparison andanalysis of the climatological featuresof radiationbalance between the grassy marshland surface of north ofthe Tibetan plateau and the desert in HEIFE[J]. ActaEnergiae Solaris Sinica,2003,24(4):453—459.
[12]马伟强,马耀民,胡泽勇,等.藏北高原地面辐射收支的初步分析[J].高原气象,2004,23(3):348—352.[12] Ma Weiqiang,Ma Yaomin,Hu Zeyong,et al. Analyseson surface radiation budget in northern Tibetan plateau[J]. Plateau Meteorology,2004,23(3):348—352.
[13]李红梅,李林,张金旭,等. 21前中期三江源地区极端气候事件变化趋势分析[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(6):1403—1408.[13] Li Hongmei,Li Lin,Zhang Jinxu,et al. Changes inextreme climatic events over the sources of the threeriver in the prometaphase 21st century[J]. Journal ofGlaciology and Geocryology,2012,34(6):1403—1408.
[14]王永生,盛裴轩,刘式达,等.大气物理学[M].北京:气象出版社,1987.[14] Wang Yongsheng,Pei Shengxuan,Liu Shida,et al.Atmospheric physics[M]. Beijing:China MeteorologicalPress,1987.
[15]陈世强,文莉娟,吕世华,等.金塔绿洲不同下垫面辐射特征对比分析[J].太阳能学报,2006,27(7):713—718.[15] Chen Shiqiang, Wen Lijuan, Lyu Shihua, et al.Analysis of characteristics of radiation on differentunderlying surface in Jinta oasis[J]. Acta EnergiaeSolaris Sinica,2006,27(7):713—718.
[16]左大康,周允华.地球表层辐射研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.[16] Zuo Dakang,Zhou Yunhua. The radiation research ofearth’s surface[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1991.
[17]翁笃鸣.青藏高原地表净辐射若干重要特征的研究[J].南京气象学院学报,1991,14(2):151—159.[17] Weng Duming. Some major features of surface netradiation in the Qinghai-Xizang plateau[J]. Journal ofNanjing Institute of Meteorology,1991,14(2):151—159.
[18]李英年,赵新全,曹广民,等.海北高寒草甸地区太阳总辐射、植被反射辐射的有关特征[J].草地学报,2002,10(1):33—39.[18] Li Yingnian,Zhao Xinquan,Cao Guangmin,et al. Thestudy of reflective radiation and surface albedo of alpinemeadow vegetation[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica,2002,10(1):33—39.
[19]王超,韦志刚,高晓清,等.夏季敦煌稀疏植被下垫面物质和能量交换的观测研究[J].高原气象,2012,31(3):622—628.[19] Wang Chao,Wei Zhigang,Gao Xiaoqing,et al. Anobservation study of surface air exchange and energybudget at a sparse vegetation site of Dunhuang in summer[J]. Plateau Meteorology,2012,31(3):622—628.
[20]季国良,江灏,左勇前,等. 1988年9月张掖地区的太阳辐射状况的初步分析[J].高原气象,1990,9(2):194—201.[20] Ji Guoliang, Jiang Hao, Zuo Yongqian, et al.Apreliminary analysis of the solar radiation condition atZhangye region during september 1988[J]. PlateauMeteorology,1990,9(2):194—201.
[21]王少影,张宇,吕世华,等.玛曲高寒草甸地表辐射与能量收支的季节变化[J].高原气象,2012,31(3):605—614.[21] Wang Shaoying,Zhang Yu,Lyu Shihua,et al. Seasonalvariation characteristics of radiation and energy budgetsin alpine meadow ecosystem in Maqu grassland[J].Plateau Meteorology,2012,31(3):605—614.
[22]马伟强,马耀明,李茂善,等.藏北高原地区地表辐射出支和能量平衡的季节变化[J].冰川冻土,2005,27(5):673—679.[22] Ma Weiqiang, Ma Yaoming, Li Maoshan, et al.Seasonal variation on land surface energy budget andenergy balance components in the northern Tibetplateau[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2005,27(5):673—679.
[23]季国良,邹基玲.干旱地区绿洲和沙漠辐射收支的季节变化[J].高原气象,1994,13(3):324—329.[23] Ji Guoliang,Zou Jiling. The seasonal variation of solar radiation budgetover oases and desert in arid region[J].Plateau Meteorology,1994,13(3):324—329.
[2]谭鹏.湿地保护与退耕还湿的重要性探讨[J].资源节约与环保,2014,(3):142—143.[2] Tan Peng. Discuss the importance of wetland protectionand reversion of cultivated land to wetland[J].Resources Economization&Environmental Protection,2014,(3):142—143.
[3]马耀明,塚本修,吴晓鸣,等.藏北高原草甸下垫面近地层能量输送及微气象特征[J].大气科学,2000,24(5):715—722.[3] Ma Yaoming,Osamu Tsukamoto,Wu Xiaoming,et al.Characteristic of energy transfer and micrometeorologyin the surface layer of atmosphere above grassymarshland of the Tibetan plateau area[J]. ChineseJournal of Atmospheric Sciences,2000,24(5):715—722.
[4]钱泽雨,胡泽勇,杜萍,等.青藏高原北麓河地区近地层能量输送与微气象特征[J].高原气象,2005,24(1):43—48.[4] Qian Zeyu,Hu Zeyong,Du Ping,et al. Energy transferof near surface layer and micrometeorologycharacteristics in Bailuhe area of Qinghai-Xizang plateau[J]. Plateau Meteorology,2005,24(1):43—48.
[5]陈渭民,高庆先,洪刚.由GMS卫星资料获取我国夏季地表辐射收支[J].大气科学,1997,21(2):238—246.[5] Chen Weimin,Gao Qingxian,Hong Gang. Estimatingsurface radiation budgets over China in summer fromGMS satellite data[J]. Chinese Journal of AtmosphericSciences,1997,21(2):238—246.
[6]张强,曹晓彦.敦煌地区荒漠戈壁地表热量和辐射平衡特征点研究[J].大气科学,2003,27(2):245—254.[6] Zhang Qiang,Cao Xiaoyan. The influence of synopticconditions on the averaged surface heat and radiationbudget energy over desert or gobi[J]. Chinese Journal ofAtmospheric Sciences,2003,27(2):245—254.
[7]文小航,吕世华,尚伦宇,等. WRF模式对金塔绿洲-戈壁辐射收支的模拟研究[J].太阳能学报,2011,32(3):346—353.[7] Wen Xiaohang, Lyu Shihua, Shang Lunyu, et al.Numerical simulations of radiation budget using WRFmodel over the Jinta oasis-gobi[J]. Acta EnergiaeSolaris Sinica,2011,32(3):346—353.
[8]李英年,赵亮,张法伟,等.植物生长季海北高寒湿地辐射收支特征[J].冰川冻土,2006,28(4):549—555.[8] Li Yingnian, Zhao Liang, Zhang Fawei, et al.Characteristics of radiation balance on the alpinewetland in Haibei prefecture of the Qilian mountains ingrowing season[J]. Journal of Glaciology andGeocryology,2006,28(4):549—555.
[9]张宪洲,王辉明,张谊光.青藏高原冬小麦田辐射能流收支的初步研究[J].应用气象学报,1997,8(2):236—241.[9] Zhang Xianzhou,Wang Huiming,Zhang Yiguang. Astudy on radiation budget of the winter wheat field inTibet plateau[J]. Quarterly Journal of AppliedMeteorlolgy,1997,8(2):236—241.
[10]李英年.海北高寒草甸植被在生长期辐射能量收支探讨[J].草地学报,2001,9(1):58—63.[10] Li Yingnian. The study on the radiant energy budget ofalpine meadow vegetation in the sunny days during theplant growing season[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica,2001,9(1):58—63.
[11]钱泽雨,胡泽勇,杜萍,等.藏北高原典型草甸下垫面与HEIFE沙漠区辐射平衡气候学特征对比分析[J].太阳能学报,2003,24(4):453—459.[11] Qian Zeyu,Hu Zeyong,Du Ping,et al. Comparison andanalysis of the climatological featuresof radiationbalance between the grassy marshland surface of north ofthe Tibetan plateau and the desert in HEIFE[J]. ActaEnergiae Solaris Sinica,2003,24(4):453—459.
[12]马伟强,马耀民,胡泽勇,等.藏北高原地面辐射收支的初步分析[J].高原气象,2004,23(3):348—352.[12] Ma Weiqiang,Ma Yaomin,Hu Zeyong,et al. Analyseson surface radiation budget in northern Tibetan plateau[J]. Plateau Meteorology,2004,23(3):348—352.
[13]李红梅,李林,张金旭,等. 21前中期三江源地区极端气候事件变化趋势分析[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(6):1403—1408.[13] Li Hongmei,Li Lin,Zhang Jinxu,et al. Changes inextreme climatic events over the sources of the threeriver in the prometaphase 21st century[J]. Journal ofGlaciology and Geocryology,2012,34(6):1403—1408.
[14]王永生,盛裴轩,刘式达,等.大气物理学[M].北京:气象出版社,1987.[14] Wang Yongsheng,Pei Shengxuan,Liu Shida,et al.Atmospheric physics[M]. Beijing:China MeteorologicalPress,1987.
[15]陈世强,文莉娟,吕世华,等.金塔绿洲不同下垫面辐射特征对比分析[J].太阳能学报,2006,27(7):713—718.[15] Chen Shiqiang, Wen Lijuan, Lyu Shihua, et al.Analysis of characteristics of radiation on differentunderlying surface in Jinta oasis[J]. Acta EnergiaeSolaris Sinica,2006,27(7):713—718.
[16]左大康,周允华.地球表层辐射研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.[16] Zuo Dakang,Zhou Yunhua. The radiation research ofearth’s surface[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1991.
[17]翁笃鸣.青藏高原地表净辐射若干重要特征的研究[J].南京气象学院学报,1991,14(2):151—159.[17] Weng Duming. Some major features of surface netradiation in the Qinghai-Xizang plateau[J]. Journal ofNanjing Institute of Meteorology,1991,14(2):151—159.
[18]李英年,赵新全,曹广民,等.海北高寒草甸地区太阳总辐射、植被反射辐射的有关特征[J].草地学报,2002,10(1):33—39.[18] Li Yingnian,Zhao Xinquan,Cao Guangmin,et al. Thestudy of reflective radiation and surface albedo of alpinemeadow vegetation[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica,2002,10(1):33—39.
[19]王超,韦志刚,高晓清,等.夏季敦煌稀疏植被下垫面物质和能量交换的观测研究[J].高原气象,2012,31(3):622—628.[19] Wang Chao,Wei Zhigang,Gao Xiaoqing,et al. Anobservation study of surface air exchange and energybudget at a sparse vegetation site of Dunhuang in summer[J]. Plateau Meteorology,2012,31(3):622—628.
[20]季国良,江灏,左勇前,等. 1988年9月张掖地区的太阳辐射状况的初步分析[J].高原气象,1990,9(2):194—201.[20] Ji Guoliang, Jiang Hao, Zuo Yongqian, et al.Apreliminary analysis of the solar radiation condition atZhangye region during september 1988[J]. PlateauMeteorology,1990,9(2):194—201.
[21]王少影,张宇,吕世华,等.玛曲高寒草甸地表辐射与能量收支的季节变化[J].高原气象,2012,31(3):605—614.[21] Wang Shaoying,Zhang Yu,Lyu Shihua,et al. Seasonalvariation characteristics of radiation and energy budgetsin alpine meadow ecosystem in Maqu grassland[J].Plateau Meteorology,2012,31(3):605—614.
[22]马伟强,马耀明,李茂善,等.藏北高原地区地表辐射出支和能量平衡的季节变化[J].冰川冻土,2005,27(5):673—679.[22] Ma Weiqiang, Ma Yaoming, Li Maoshan, et al.Seasonal variation on land surface energy budget andenergy balance components in the northern Tibetplateau[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2005,27(5):673—679.
[23]季国良,邹基玲.干旱地区绿洲和沙漠辐射收支的季节变化[J].高原气象,1994,13(3):324—329.[23] Ji Guoliang,Zou Jiling. The seasonal variation of solar radiation budgetover oases and desert in arid region[J].Plateau Meteorology,1994,13(3):324—329.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |