天井山古隆起的“前世今生”:论古隆起的构造复原
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摘要
古隆起是地质历史时期地表的正向构造单元,是该时期地球内、外动力综合作用的结果;复原其构造-沉积面貌,将为探索地球演化历史及资源、能源矿产的赋存规律奠定重要基础。文中以龙门山北段的天井山古隆起为例,分析古隆起的地质结构及其演化、改造特征,探讨古隆起复原的思路、方法及意义。天井山古隆起早在20世纪80年代便被人们发现并提出,由于其所处地理位置特殊,天井山古隆起的地质结构及其在地质历史时期的形成与演化过程一直存在争议。基于天井山地区的地层与构造分布,文中建立其浅表地质结构模型,应用构造复原方法重建其形成与演化过程,恢复出天井山古隆起在不同地质历史时期的空间展布特征。研究认为,天井山古隆起发育震旦系、寒武系—志留系、泥盆系—石炭系、二叠系—三叠系和侏罗系—第四系等5套构造地层层序,沿构造走向划分为北、中、南3段。天井山古隆起北段总体表现为两背斜夹一向斜构造,中段表现为一紧闭的背斜构造,南段表现为一逐渐倾伏的背斜构造;天井山古隆起经历了寒武纪—志留纪幕式隆升、泥盆纪—石炭纪持续隆升、二叠纪—三叠纪整体埋藏与侏罗纪—现今为破坏改造等4个演化阶段;天井山古隆起在形成演化过程中,古隆起核部呈现出向南东迁移的特征。天井山古隆起为改造残余古隆起,反映了龙门山北段的多幕伸展-挤压构造事件的作用。
Paleo-uplift is the positive structural unit on the Earth's surface due to the interaction between the internal and exotic geodynamic processes.Its structural restoration is important for understanding the Earth's evolutionary history as well as supporting energy exploration.In this paper,taking the Tianjingshan paleouplift as an example,we discussed the geological structure and formation and modification of paleo-uplift,and put forward a structural restoration methodology.Although the Tianjingshan paleo-uplift was discovered in the early 1980 s,its geological structure and formation and evolutionary history have been controversial owing to its distinctive geographic location.Based on stratigraphic and structural distribution data,we constructed the near-surface geological cross-section and reconstructed the formation and evolutionary history of the paleo-uplift using the structural restoration method.The Tianjingshan paleo-uplift developed several structural layers including the Sinian,the Cambrian to Silurian,the Devonian to Carboniferous,the Permian to Triassic,and the Jurassic to Quaternary.Along its strike,the paleo-uplift can be divided into the northern,central and southern segments,which consist of two anticlines intercalating with a syncline,a tight anticline,and a gradually overturned anticline,respectively.The Tianjingshan paleo-uplift underwent four-stage tectonic evolution,i.e.episodic uplifting during the Cambrian to Silurian,continual uplifting during the Devonian to Carboniferous,total burial during the Permian to Triassic,and modification and transformation during the Jurassic to Quaternary.The tectonic evolution resulted in a southeastward axial migration.The Tianjingshan paleo-uplift is a remnant uplift with extensive modification,demonstrating the effect of multi-phase extension and compression in the northern Longmenshan Mountains.
Paleo-uplift is the positive structural unit on the Earth's surface due to the interaction between the internal and exotic geodynamic processes.Its structural restoration is important for understanding the Earth's evolutionary history as well as supporting energy exploration.In this paper,taking the Tianjingshan paleouplift as an example,we discussed the geological structure and formation and modification of paleo-uplift,and put forward a structural restoration methodology.Although the Tianjingshan paleo-uplift was discovered in the early 1980 s,its geological structure and formation and evolutionary history have been controversial owing to its distinctive geographic location.Based on stratigraphic and structural distribution data,we constructed the near-surface geological cross-section and reconstructed the formation and evolutionary history of the paleo-uplift using the structural restoration method.The Tianjingshan paleo-uplift developed several structural layers including the Sinian,the Cambrian to Silurian,the Devonian to Carboniferous,the Permian to Triassic,and the Jurassic to Quaternary.Along its strike,the paleo-uplift can be divided into the northern,central and southern segments,which consist of two anticlines intercalating with a syncline,a tight anticline,and a gradually overturned anticline,respectively.The Tianjingshan paleo-uplift underwent four-stage tectonic evolution,i.e.episodic uplifting during the Cambrian to Silurian,continual uplifting during the Devonian to Carboniferous,total burial during the Permian to Triassic,and modification and transformation during the Jurassic to Quaternary.The tectonic evolution resulted in a southeastward axial migration.The Tianjingshan paleo-uplift is a remnant uplift with extensive modification,demonstrating the effect of multi-phase extension and compression in the northern Longmenshan Mountains.
引文
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[4]梅庆华,何登发,文竹,等.四川盆地乐山—龙女寺古隆起地质结构及构造演化[J].石油学报,2014,35(1):11-25.
[5]何登发,周新源,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地克拉通内古隆起的成因机制与构造类型[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):207-221.
[6]罗志立.龙门山造山带岩石圈演化的动力学模式[J].成都地质学院学报,1991,18(1):1-7.
[7]王丽宁,陈竹新,李本亮,等.龙门山冲断带北段构造解析及有利区带预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(5):539-545.
[8]曾允孚,李勇.龙门山前陆盆地形成与演化[J].矿物岩石,1995,15(1):40-49.
[9]刘树根,罗志立,戴苏兰,等.龙门山冲断带的隆升和川西前陆盆地的沉降[J].地质学报,1995,69(3):205-214.
[10]周建文,曾庆,徐世琦,等.龙门山北段推覆构造带变形特征研究[J].天然气工业,2005,25(1):66-71,5-6.
[11]陈竹新,贾东,张惬,等.龙门山前陆褶皱冲断带的平衡剖面分析[J].地质学报,2005,79(1):38-45.
[12]贾东,陈竹新,贾承造,等.龙门山前陆褶皱冲断带构造解析与川西前陆盆地的发育[J].高校地质学报,2003,9(3):402-410.
[13]罗啸泉,郭卫星,吕志洲.龙门山构造变形与油气关系探讨[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2016,36(4):71-76.
[14]何建军,任俊杰,丁锐,等.青藏高原东缘龙日坝断裂带南段晚第四纪活动及其构造意义[J].震灾防御技术,2016,11(4):707-721.
[15]林茂炳,吴山.龙门山推覆构造变形特征[J].成都地质学院学报,1991,18(1):46-55.
[16]龙学明.龙门山中北段地史发展的若干问题[J].成都地质学院学报,1991,18(1):8-16.
[17]李智武,刘树根,陈洪德,等.龙门山冲断带分段-分带性构造格局及其差异变形特征[J].成都理工大学学报,2008,35(4):440-451.
[18]邓绍强,胡明,颜其彬,等.龙门山北段构造模式及油气勘探方向[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(4):184-188,214.
[19]杨长清,岳全玲,燕继红,等.龙门山北段构造变形特征与物理模拟[J].断块油气田,2010,17(6):686-689.
[20]李卿,李忠权,张玮,等.龙门山北段天井山构造演化及其对油气聚集的控制[J].东北石油大学学报,2013,37(1):24-31,6.
[21]金文正,汤良杰,杨克明,等.川西龙门山褶皱冲断带分带性变形特征[J].地质学报,2007,81(8):1072-1080.
[22]陈竹新,贾东,魏国齐,等.龙门山北段冲断前锋构造带特征[J].石油学报,2008,29(5):657-662,668.
[23]庞艳君,张本健,冯仁蔚,等.龙门山构造带北段泥盆系沉积环境演化[J].世界地质,2010,29(4):561-568.
[24]王伟锋,卿艳彬,朱传华,等.龙门山断裂带横断层地质特征及其控震作用[J].地震研究,2015,38(2):242-249,333.
[25]刘顺,罗志立,熊荣国,等.从实验岩石变形过程探讨四川盆地加里东古隆起的形成机制[J].成都理工学院学报,2000,27(4):343-347.
[26]周文,邓虎成,丘东洲,等.川西北天井山构造泥盆系古油藏的发现及意义[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2007,34(4):413-417.
[27]李卿,李忠权,王森,等.龙门山北段天井山构造演化特征及物理模拟[J].断块油气田,2013,20(1):24-28.
[28]王鼐,魏国齐,杨威,等.川西北构造样式特征及其油气地质意义[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(6):26-33.
[29]李卿,李忠权.川西北天井山构造变形特征与物理模拟[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2012,39(6):665-670.
[30]张文军,秦绪乾,郜瑭珺,等.米仓山隆起中、新生代构造特征与形成演化探讨[J].天然气技术与经济,2016,10(2):22-25,33,82.
[31]童崇光,胡受权.龙门山山前带北段油气远景评价[J].成都理工学院学报,1997,24(2):5-12.
[32]宋文海.对四川盆地加里东期古隆起的新认识[J].天然气工业,1987,7(3):6-11,4.
[33]四川油气区石油地质编写组.中国石油地质志(卷十)四川油气区[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989.
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[35]甘娟娟.龙门山北段天井山地区构造特征研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2012.
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