2018年临近空间科学热点回眸
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摘要
临近空间神秘而迷人,其资源还远没有得到有效利用,临近空间飞行器是认识和利用临近空间的必然工具。回顾了2018年临近空间飞行器热点:中国科学院启动A类战略性先导科技专项"临近空间科学实验系统";谷歌公司旨在平流层气球组网的Project Loon完成7球中继1000 km里程碑,双球单跳最远传输距离达600 km;Zephyr S无人机创造临近空间太阳能无人机驻留时间新记录;高超声速飞行器方面,普金宣称弹道导弹"匕首"已经服役,美俄在滑翔导弹剑拔弩张,吸气式巡航飞行器波澜不惊、多国仍在努力攻关;Virgin Galactic的SpaceShip Two跨入太空的门槛,Blue Origin的New Shepard完成了为普通乘客到大气层更边缘遨游之前的两次关键飞行。探索与认知,打击与防御,遨游与分享,未来临近空间必将上演更多异彩纷呈的篇章。
The near space is mysterious and fascinating and its resources are far from being effectively utilized.The near space vehicle is an inevitable tool for understanding and utilizing the near space.Looking back on the near space craft hotspots in 2018,we review in this paper the strategic priority research program "Near space science experiment system"(referred to as HongHu project) launched by the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Google′s Project Loon which aimed at stratospheric balloon networking to complete 7 goals relay of 1000 km with the longest single-hop transmission distance of 600 km,and the new record of high-altitude during time created by Zephyr S drone.We also summarize those hot spots such as hypersonic vehicles,gliding missiles,aerated cruisers,Virgin Galactic Space Ship II,and Blue Origin′s New Shepard.With the exploration and cognition,combat and defense,migration and sharing,the near space will certainly become a more colorful stage.
The near space is mysterious and fascinating and its resources are far from being effectively utilized.The near space vehicle is an inevitable tool for understanding and utilizing the near space.Looking back on the near space craft hotspots in 2018,we review in this paper the strategic priority research program "Near space science experiment system"(referred to as HongHu project) launched by the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Google′s Project Loon which aimed at stratospheric balloon networking to complete 7 goals relay of 1000 km with the longest single-hop transmission distance of 600 km,and the new record of high-altitude during time created by Zephyr S drone.We also summarize those hot spots such as hypersonic vehicles,gliding missiles,aerated cruisers,Virgin Galactic Space Ship II,and Blue Origin′s New Shepard.With the exploration and cognition,combat and defense,migration and sharing,the near space will certainly become a more colorful stage.
引文
[1]Mesosphere[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesosphere.
[2]Gunawan B,Greer M L,Edgar A,et al.NASA and University of Houston′s Approach in engaging and developing undergraduate students′skills through undergraduate student instrumentation project[C]//2018 AIAA SPACE and Astronautics Forum and Exposition.New York:AIAA,2018:AIAA2018-5139.
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[5]程旋,肖存英,胡雄.临近空间大气环境对高超声速飞行器气动特性的影响研究进展[J].飞航导弹,2018(5):22-28.Cheng Xuan,Xiao Cunying,Hu Xiong.Research progress on aerodynamic characteristics of hypersonic vehicles under near space atmospheric environment[J].Aerodynamic Missile Journal,2018(5):22-28.
[6]杜善义,方岱宁,孟松鹤,等.“近空间飞行器的关键基础科学问题”重大研究计划结题综述[J].中国科学基金,2017(2):109-114.Du Shanyi,Fang Daining,Meng Songhe,et al.Review of the achievements of Major Research Plan on"Key Fundamental Scientific Problems on Hypersonic Vehicle"[J].Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China,2017(2):109-114.
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[10]Thales Alenia Space proceeds with stratobus airship design[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].http://aviationweek.com/space/thalesalenia-space-proceeds-stratobus-airship-design.
[11]1 connection,7 balloons,1,000 kilometers[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].https://medium.com/loon-for-all/1-connection-7-balloons-1-000-kilometers-74da60b9e283.
[12]李晨飞,姜鲁华.临近空间长航时太阳能无人机研究现状及关键技术[J].中国基础科学,2018(2):22-31.Li Chenfei,Jiang Luhua.Research status and key technologies of long-endurance solar UAV in near space China[J].Basic Science,2018(2):22-31.
[13]袁立群,黄良平.国外临近空间超长航时无人机发展及应用情况综述[J].战术导弹技术,2018(2):26-30,55.Yuan Liqun,Huang Liangping.Overview of development and application of ultra-long aviation time UAV in near space abroad[J].Tactical Missile Technology,2018(2):26-30,55.
[14]Airbus Zephyr Solar High Altitude Pseudo-Satellite flies for longer than any other aircraft during its successful maiden flight[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/press-releases/en/2018/08/Airbus-Zephyr-Solar-HighAltitude-Pseudo-Satellite-flies-for-longer-than-any-otheraircraft.html.
[15]我国大型临近空间超长航时太阳能无人机科研工作进展顺利[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].http://www.miit.gov.cn/newweb/n1146290/n1146402/n1146455/c6137192/content.html.Scientific research of large-scale near-space super-long endurance solar UAV in China is progressing smoothly[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].http://www.miit.gov.cn/newweb/n1146290/n11-46402/n1146455/c6137192/content.html.
[16]Hypersonic missile system goes on combat duty in Russia′s south[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].http://tass.com/defense/992304.
[17]Advanced Hypersonic Weapon(AHW)[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].https://www.army-technology.com/projects/advanced-hypersonic-weapon-ahw/.
[18]USAF awards$928m contract to develop HCSW hypersonic missile[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/usaf-awards-928m-contract-develop-hcsw-hypersonic-missile/.
[19]AGM-183A air-launched rapid response weapon:ARRW/Arrow[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/agm-183.htm.
[20]俄国防部发布“先锋”导弹发射视频[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].http://sputniknews.cn/military/201812261027216474/.Russian Ministry of Defense released"Pioneer"missile launch video[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].http://sputniknews.cn/military/201812261027216474/.
[21]“星空2号”:第二代高超声速飞行器的啼声[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].http://news.ifeng.com/a/20180812/59763666_0.shtml.Star II:The voice of the second generation hypersonic vehicle[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].http://news.ifeng.com/a/20180812/59763666_0.shtml.
[22]Hypersonic air-breathing weapon concept(HAWC)[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/hawc.htm.
[23]Lockheed Martin SR-72[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_SR-72.
[24]Currently in development,the X-60A will serve the hypersonic flight test and suborbital research communities with an affordable air-launched single-stage liquid booster[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].http://generationorbit.com/x-60a/.
[25]克里斯蒂安·达文波特.下一站火星:马斯克、贝佐斯与太空争夺战[M].王文煌,译.长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2018.Christian Davenport.Next stop on Mars:Musk,Bezos and Space Race[M].Wang Wenhuang,trans.Changsha:Hunan Science and Technology Press,2018.
[26]Richard Branson welcomes astronauts home from virgin Galactic′s historic first spaceflight[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].https://www.virgingalactic.com/articles/first-space-flight.
[27]Payload customers on new Shepard′s 8th test flight[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].https://www.blueorigin.com/news/news/payloadcustomers-on-new-shepards-8th-test-flight.
[28]Payload manifest on Mission 9[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].https://www.blueorigin.com/news/news/payload-manifest-on-mission-9.
[2]Gunawan B,Greer M L,Edgar A,et al.NASA and University of Houston′s Approach in engaging and developing undergraduate students′skills through undergraduate student instrumentation project[C]//2018 AIAA SPACE and Astronautics Forum and Exposition.New York:AIAA,2018:AIAA2018-5139.
[3]Smith-Pierce M C,Charoenboonvivat Y C,Shukla D,et al.High altitude aerodynamic reflectors To counter climate change[C]//2018 Applied Aerodynamics Conference.New York:AIAA,2018:AIAA2018-3963.
[4]Good W S,Mallare B,Payne Z,et al.Demonstration of persistent,high resolution remote sensing from an advanced stratollite platform[C]//2018 AIAA Information Systems-AIAA Infotech@Aerospace.New York:AIAA,2018:AIAA 2018-0193.
[5]程旋,肖存英,胡雄.临近空间大气环境对高超声速飞行器气动特性的影响研究进展[J].飞航导弹,2018(5):22-28.Cheng Xuan,Xiao Cunying,Hu Xiong.Research progress on aerodynamic characteristics of hypersonic vehicles under near space atmospheric environment[J].Aerodynamic Missile Journal,2018(5):22-28.
[6]杜善义,方岱宁,孟松鹤,等.“近空间飞行器的关键基础科学问题”重大研究计划结题综述[J].中国科学基金,2017(2):109-114.Du Shanyi,Fang Daining,Meng Songhe,et al.Review of the achievements of Major Research Plan on"Key Fundamental Scientific Problems on Hypersonic Vehicle"[J].Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China,2017(2):109-114.
[7]中科院启动“鸿鹄专项”[J].卫星与网络,2018(3):72.Chinese Academy of Sciences launched the"Honghuo Special Project"[J].Satellite&Network,2018(3):72.
[8]Xu G N,Miao Y,Li Z J,et al.Research on near space solar cells acquisition and test system[C]//Proceedings of 37th Chinese Control Conference(CCC 2018).Beijing:Technical Committee on Control Theory,2018:5098-5101.
[9]NASA Long Duration Balloon(LDB)site at LDB Camp,McMurdo Station 2018-2019 Antarctica Operations[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].https://www.csbf.nasa.gov/antarctica/ice.htm.
[10]Thales Alenia Space proceeds with stratobus airship design[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].http://aviationweek.com/space/thalesalenia-space-proceeds-stratobus-airship-design.
[11]1 connection,7 balloons,1,000 kilometers[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].https://medium.com/loon-for-all/1-connection-7-balloons-1-000-kilometers-74da60b9e283.
[12]李晨飞,姜鲁华.临近空间长航时太阳能无人机研究现状及关键技术[J].中国基础科学,2018(2):22-31.Li Chenfei,Jiang Luhua.Research status and key technologies of long-endurance solar UAV in near space China[J].Basic Science,2018(2):22-31.
[13]袁立群,黄良平.国外临近空间超长航时无人机发展及应用情况综述[J].战术导弹技术,2018(2):26-30,55.Yuan Liqun,Huang Liangping.Overview of development and application of ultra-long aviation time UAV in near space abroad[J].Tactical Missile Technology,2018(2):26-30,55.
[14]Airbus Zephyr Solar High Altitude Pseudo-Satellite flies for longer than any other aircraft during its successful maiden flight[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/press-releases/en/2018/08/Airbus-Zephyr-Solar-HighAltitude-Pseudo-Satellite-flies-for-longer-than-any-otheraircraft.html.
[15]我国大型临近空间超长航时太阳能无人机科研工作进展顺利[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].http://www.miit.gov.cn/newweb/n1146290/n1146402/n1146455/c6137192/content.html.Scientific research of large-scale near-space super-long endurance solar UAV in China is progressing smoothly[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].http://www.miit.gov.cn/newweb/n1146290/n11-46402/n1146455/c6137192/content.html.
[16]Hypersonic missile system goes on combat duty in Russia′s south[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].http://tass.com/defense/992304.
[17]Advanced Hypersonic Weapon(AHW)[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].https://www.army-technology.com/projects/advanced-hypersonic-weapon-ahw/.
[18]USAF awards$928m contract to develop HCSW hypersonic missile[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/usaf-awards-928m-contract-develop-hcsw-hypersonic-missile/.
[19]AGM-183A air-launched rapid response weapon:ARRW/Arrow[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/agm-183.htm.
[20]俄国防部发布“先锋”导弹发射视频[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].http://sputniknews.cn/military/201812261027216474/.Russian Ministry of Defense released"Pioneer"missile launch video[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].http://sputniknews.cn/military/201812261027216474/.
[21]“星空2号”:第二代高超声速飞行器的啼声[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].http://news.ifeng.com/a/20180812/59763666_0.shtml.Star II:The voice of the second generation hypersonic vehicle[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].http://news.ifeng.com/a/20180812/59763666_0.shtml.
[22]Hypersonic air-breathing weapon concept(HAWC)[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/hawc.htm.
[23]Lockheed Martin SR-72[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_SR-72.
[24]Currently in development,the X-60A will serve the hypersonic flight test and suborbital research communities with an affordable air-launched single-stage liquid booster[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].http://generationorbit.com/x-60a/.
[25]克里斯蒂安·达文波特.下一站火星:马斯克、贝佐斯与太空争夺战[M].王文煌,译.长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2018.Christian Davenport.Next stop on Mars:Musk,Bezos and Space Race[M].Wang Wenhuang,trans.Changsha:Hunan Science and Technology Press,2018.
[26]Richard Branson welcomes astronauts home from virgin Galactic′s historic first spaceflight[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].https://www.virgingalactic.com/articles/first-space-flight.
[27]Payload customers on new Shepard′s 8th test flight[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].https://www.blueorigin.com/news/news/payloadcustomers-on-new-shepards-8th-test-flight.
[28]Payload manifest on Mission 9[EB/OL].[2018-12-31].https://www.blueorigin.com/news/news/payload-manifest-on-mission-9.
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