莫莫格湿地不同下垫面土壤冻融期的水热状况
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摘要
为了研究莫莫格湿地不同下垫面土壤冻融期的水热变化特征,在裸地、低湿草甸和草原草甸设置观测区,于2017年10月28日～2018年4月18日期间,观测土壤温度和含水率,对比不同下垫面的土壤温度和含水率的变化规律。研究结果表明,与裸地相比,有枯萎植物覆盖的低湿草甸和草原草甸土壤冻结和消融的时间都滞后,且冻结时间增加;在2018年1月,日平均土壤温度最低,在3个观测深度中,5 cm深度的土温相对最低,裸地、低湿草甸和草原草甸5 cm深度的土壤温度分别为-14.31℃、-13.21℃和-15.22℃;枯萎植物覆盖对土壤温度的影响具有双重性,在土壤冻结阶段,其具有保温作用,在土壤融化阶段,其使土壤升温较慢;低湿草甸土壤比裸地具有更好的保水能力,在土壤融化阶段,融雪水使土壤含水率增加。
In order to study the changes of soil hydrothermal regime in freezing and thawing period under different underlying surfaces in Momoge wetland, the observation areas were set in low humidity meadow,steppe meadow and bare land. Soil temperatures and soil moistures were determined from October 28, 2017 to April 18, 2018. The results showed that the thawing and freezing started-time of soil were later and the duration of freezing were longer with withered plants in low humidity meadow and steppe meadow than those without withered plants in bare land. The lowest soil temperature occurred in January of 2018. The lowest soil temperatures were occurred at 5 cm depth in the three depths which were-14.31 ℃,-13.21 ℃ and-15.22 ℃in bare land, low humidity meadow and steppe meadow. There was a duality for the soil temperature by withered plants. It prevented the soil temperature to become low in freeze process and restrained the soil temperature rising in thawing process. The soil moisture in low humidity meadow was higher than that of bare land,soil moisture were increased by snowmelt.
In order to study the changes of soil hydrothermal regime in freezing and thawing period under different underlying surfaces in Momoge wetland, the observation areas were set in low humidity meadow,steppe meadow and bare land. Soil temperatures and soil moistures were determined from October 28, 2017 to April 18, 2018. The results showed that the thawing and freezing started-time of soil were later and the duration of freezing were longer with withered plants in low humidity meadow and steppe meadow than those without withered plants in bare land. The lowest soil temperature occurred in January of 2018. The lowest soil temperatures were occurred at 5 cm depth in the three depths which were-14.31 ℃,-13.21 ℃ and-15.22 ℃in bare land, low humidity meadow and steppe meadow. There was a duality for the soil temperature by withered plants. It prevented the soil temperature to become low in freeze process and restrained the soil temperature rising in thawing process. The soil moisture in low humidity meadow was higher than that of bare land,soil moisture were increased by snowmelt.
引文
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[18]靳志锋,虎胆·吐马尔白,牟洪臣,等.土壤冻融温度影响下棉田水盐运移规律[J].干旱区研究,2013,3030(4):623-627.
[19]丁永建,叶佰生.青藏高原大尺度冻土水文监测研究[J].科学通报,2000,4545(2):208-214.
[2]Fitzhugh R D,Driscoll C T,Groffman P M,et al.Soil freezing and the acid-base chemistry of soil solutions in a northern hardwood forest[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2003,67(6):5-7.
[3]Decker K L M,Wang D,Waite C,et al.Snow removal and ambient air temperature effects on forest soil temperatures in northern vermont[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2003,6767(4):1234-1242.
[4]Pomeroy J W,Gray D M,Hedstrom N R,et al.Prediction of seasonal snow accumulation in cold climate forests[J].Hydrological Processes,2010,1616(18):3543-3558.
[5]L?fvenius M O,Kluge M,Lundmark T.Snow and soil frost depth in two types of shelterwood and a clear-cut area[J].Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research,2003,188(1):54-63.
[6]Koponen H T,Jaakkola T,Keinanentoivola M M,et al.Microbial communities,biomass,and activities in soils as affected by freeze thaw cycles[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2006,38(7):1861-1871.
[7]Fuss C B,Driscoll C T,Green M B,et al.Hydrologic flowpaths during snowmelt in forested headwater catchments under differing winter climatic and soil frost regimes[J].Hydrological Processes,2016,3030(24):4617-4632.
[8]Zhao L,Ping C L,Yang D,et al.Changes of climate and seasonally frozen ground over the past 30 years in Qinghai-Xizang(Tibetan)Plateau,China[J].Global&Planetary Change,2004,43(1):19-31.
[9]刘波,吕宪国,姜明,等.莫莫格扁秆藨草恢复湿地土壤种子库对长芒稗入侵的响应[J].生态学报,2016,366(8):2217-2222.
[10]常娟,王根绪,高永恒,等.青藏高原多年冻土区积雪对沼泽、草甸浅层土壤水热过程的影响[J].生态学报,2012,3232(23):7289-7301.
[11]Liu G S,Wang G X,HU H C,et al.Influence of vegetation coverage on water and heat processes of the active layer in permafrost regions of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Glaciology&Geocryology,2009,3131(1):89-95.
[12]刘光生,王根绪,胡宏昌,等.青藏高原多年冻土区植被盖度变化对活动层水热过程的影响[J].冰川冻土,2009,3131(1):89-95.
[13]付强,侯仁杰,王子龙,等.积雪覆盖下土壤热状况及其对气象因素的响应研究[J].农业机械学报,2015,4646(7):154-161.
[14]Hedstrom N R,Pomeroy J W.Measurements and modelling of snow interception in the boreal forest[J].Hydrological Processes,2015,1212(10-11):1611-1625.
[15]Koeck R,Hochbichler E,Holtermann C,et al.Soil moisture and soil temperature dynamics at the tree line of Mount Rax,1999-2010[J].Austrian Journal of Forest Science,2014,131131(1):45-62.
[16]Yi Y,Kimball J S,Rawlins M A,et al.The role of snow cover and soil freeze/thaw cycles affecting boreal-arctic soil carbon dynamics[J].Biogeosciences Discussions,2015,12(14):11113-11157.
[17]Iwata Y,Hayashi M,Hirota T.Effects of snow cover on soil heat flux and freeze-thaw processes[J].Journal of Agricultural Meteorology,2008,6464(4):301-309.
[18]靳志锋,虎胆·吐马尔白,牟洪臣,等.土壤冻融温度影响下棉田水盐运移规律[J].干旱区研究,2013,3030(4):623-627.
[19]丁永建,叶佰生.青藏高原大尺度冻土水文监测研究[J].科学通报,2000,4545(2):208-214.
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