天然气水合物开采相关的安全性研究进展
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摘要
天然气水合物分解会改变原来海底地层的物性和力学性质并产生超静孔压、进而引起地层和海洋工程结构物基础的不稳定性、甲烷泄露等地质与环境灾害,对海洋工程与人类赖以生存的环境构成潜在严重威胁.这个问题引起了国际社会各界的广泛关注.正因为此,各国对天然气水合物开采均采取很谨慎的态度.本文介绍了天然气水合物分解可能导致的地质与环境灾害类型以及影响水合物分解的主要因素;列举了历史上与水合物分解相关的6个典型滑坡案例并进行了分析;阐述了水合物分解引起的层裂和喷发灾害现象及发生的机制和临界条件;分析了水合物分解对井壁、海底管道等结构物及其基础稳定性的影响;针对水合物分解的土层响应与环境影响监测技术的研究进展进行了评述;总结了与水合物分解引起的地质灾害密切相关的水合物地层的物理和力学性质研究现状;最后提出了目前水合物分解相关的安全性研究所存在的问题和需要深入研究的方向.
Gas hydrate dissociation can cause the instability of marine stratums. The geological hazards and environmental effects relative to gas hydrate exploitation have attracted great concerns. In this paper, the studies on the hazards(Marine landslide, debris flow, damage of structures etc.) and environmental effects are summarized. The main factors of hydrate dissociation are discussed. Six typical large marine slides are introduced at beginning and, then the studies on the mechanism and failure critition are reviewed. The layered fracture and gas outburst and the instability of marine structures due to gas hydrate dissociation are illustrated and the critical conditions are discussed. The monitoring technologies and the data processing methods during gas hydrate dissociation are introduced. The studies on the mechanical and physical propertis of gas-hydrate-bearing sediment closly related hazards are summarized also. Finally,the problems and future study topics on the safety relative to gas hydrate exploitation are presented.
Gas hydrate dissociation can cause the instability of marine stratums. The geological hazards and environmental effects relative to gas hydrate exploitation have attracted great concerns. In this paper, the studies on the hazards(Marine landslide, debris flow, damage of structures etc.) and environmental effects are summarized. The main factors of hydrate dissociation are discussed. Six typical large marine slides are introduced at beginning and, then the studies on the mechanism and failure critition are reviewed. The layered fracture and gas outburst and the instability of marine structures due to gas hydrate dissociation are illustrated and the critical conditions are discussed. The monitoring technologies and the data processing methods during gas hydrate dissociation are introduced. The studies on the mechanical and physical propertis of gas-hydrate-bearing sediment closly related hazards are summarized also. Finally,the problems and future study topics on the safety relative to gas hydrate exploitation are presented.
引文
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