海洋工程固结锚的结构与特性初探
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摘要
介绍了一种拥有自主知识产权的海工固结锚技术,描述了该新型锚的内部结构和工作原理;并在室内对不同设计参数和使用工况的锚开展了垂向上拔试验,初探了其抗拔能力。初步试验表明:该新型锚具有超高的抓重比;其次生固结体显著增加了锚体的剪切面积,从而大大提升了锚体的抗拔力;锚体结构上宜具有多个喷管且喷管管径较粗,安装过程中对固化剂的推进速度应较缓。该新型锚应具有良好的应用前景,但需对此进一步深入研究,以满足其设计和工程应用的要求。
A new kind of anchor which is a solidified type of anchor patented by our research group is introduced. Its structure and working mechanism are presented,which are completely different from those of modern anchors. Pullout tests were conducted in laboratory using different geometric designs of anchor and different experiment setups. It was shown through laboratory experiments that this solidified maritime anchor had superior anchorage performance with super high holding-weight ratio and was able to be subjected to the vertical loading. The secondary solidified body after anchor installation significantly increased the shear area of the anchor body and then greatly enhanced its pullout capacity. The solidified maritime anchor should have many nozzles with a relatively big nozzle diameter,and the injection speed of the solidified agents should be relatively slow. The new anchor would have a good potential application prospect,but further research is necessary to meet the requirements of design and engineering application.
A new kind of anchor which is a solidified type of anchor patented by our research group is introduced. Its structure and working mechanism are presented,which are completely different from those of modern anchors. Pullout tests were conducted in laboratory using different geometric designs of anchor and different experiment setups. It was shown through laboratory experiments that this solidified maritime anchor had superior anchorage performance with super high holding-weight ratio and was able to be subjected to the vertical loading. The secondary solidified body after anchor installation significantly increased the shear area of the anchor body and then greatly enhanced its pullout capacity. The solidified maritime anchor should have many nozzles with a relatively big nozzle diameter,and the injection speed of the solidified agents should be relatively slow. The new anchor would have a good potential application prospect,but further research is necessary to meet the requirements of design and engineering application.
引文
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[6] VAN W J,WHITBY M F. System and method for installing suction piles:US9789932B2[P]. 2017-11-17.
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[8] O'LOUGHLIN C D,RICHARDSON M D,RANDOLPH M F,et al. Penetration of dynamically installed anchors in clay[J].Geotechnique,2013,63(11):909-919.
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[12] TAIEBAT H A,RAHIMI H,ZAD A A. Effects of consolidation on the ultimate capacity of vertically loaded anchors[C]//Proceedings of the 18th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. 2008:802-809.
[13] ZHU Z D,LIU S Y. Utilization of a new soil stabilizer for silt subgrade[J]. Engineering Geology,2008,97(3-4):192-198.
[14] ZHANG X G,MA G W,KHOON T Y,et al. Research on mechanism of stabilized soil mechanics enhanced by Con-Aid liquid stabilizer[J]. Key Engineering Materials,2007,353-358:3084-3087.
[15] GAUTAM S B,MISHRA C B,UMRIGAR N F. Subgrade soil stabilization using terrazyme[J]. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education,2016,2(3):2522-2528.
[16] LIU S J,JIANG J Y,WANG S,et al. Assessment of water-soluble thiourea-formaldehyde(WTF)resin for stabilization/solidification(S/S)of heavy metal contaminated soils[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2018,346:167-173.
[17]喻国良,杨闻宇.超抓重比的固结型锚及其安装方法:ZL201210153612.5[P]. 2014-12-24.(YU Guoliang,YANG Wenyu. Solidified anchors with super anchor efficiency and its installation methods:ZL201210153612.5[P]. 2014-12-24.(in Chinese))
[18]喻国良,张民曦.海洋工程的自落冲埋式固结锚:ZL201410025207.4[P]. 2016-06-01.(YU Guoliang,ZHANG Minxi.Marine engineering self flushing buried solidified anchor:ZL201410025207.4[P]. 2016-06-01.(in Chinese))
[19] WANG W K,WANG X F,YU G L. Vertical holding capacity of torpedo anchors in underwater cohesive soils[J]. Ocean Engineering,2018,161:291-307.
[20] LIU J,HAN C,YU L. Experimental investigation of the keying process of OMNI-Max anchor[J]. Marine Georesources Geotechnology,2018:1-17.
[21] GILBERT R B,MOVANT M,AUDIBERT J. Torpedo piles joint industry project—model torpedo pile tests in kaolinite test beds[R]. The University of Texas at Austin,Texas,USA,2008.
[22] O'BEIRNE C,O'LOUGHLIN C D,WANG D,et al. Capacity of dynamically installed anchors as assessed through field testing and three dimensional large deformation finite element analyses[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2015,52:548-562.
[23] AGUIAR C S D,SOUSA J R M D,ELLWANGER G B,et al. Undrained load capacity of torpedo anchors in cohesive soils[J].Journal of Offshore Mechanics&Arctic Engineering,2011,133(2):1352-1355.
[24] LIENG J T,TJELTA T I,SKAUGSET K. Installation of two prototype deep penetrating anchors at the gjoa field in the north sea[C]//Proceedings of the Offshore Technology Conference. 2010:1999-2007.
[25] MEDEIROS C J J. Low cost anchor system for flexible risers in deep waters[C]//Proceedings of the Offshore Technology Conference. 2002:1333-1337.
[26]刘秀.水下施工固化环氧建筑结构胶粘剂制备与应用[D].大连:大连理工大学,2012.(LIU Xiu. Preparation and application of solidified epoxy structural adhesive for underwater construction[D]. Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2012.(in Chinese))
[27]胡高平,高杰,何培新.低粘度高活性环氧树脂固化剂在潮湿及水下施工中的应用研究[C]//北京国际粘接技术研讨会暨第五届亚洲粘接技术研讨会. 2013.(HU Gaoping,GAO Jie,HE Peixin. Research on construction in the moist and under the water about low viscosity and high active epoxy resin curing agent[C]//Beijing International Symposium on Bonding Technology and the 5th Asian Adhesive Technology Seminar. 2013.(in Chinese))
[2] VRYHOF. Anchor manual 2000[M]. Vryhof Anchors,Krimpen ad Yssel,The Netherlands,1999.
[3] RICHARDSON M. Dynamically installed anchors for floating offshore structures[D]. Australia:The University of Western Australia,2008.
[4] AUBENY C P,MURFF J D,ROESSET J M. Geotechnical issues in deep and ultra deep waters[J]. International Journal of Geomechanics,2001,1(2):225-247.
[5]叶邦全.海洋工程用锚类型及其发展综述[J].船舶与海洋工程,2012(3):1-7.(YE Bangquan. Types and development of anchors for offshore engineering[J]. Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering,2012(3):1-7.(in Chinese))
[6] VAN W J,WHITBY M F. System and method for installing suction piles:US9789932B2[P]. 2017-11-17.
[7] YU L,LIU J,KONG X J,et al. Numerical study on plate anchor stability in clay[J]. Geotechnique,2011,61(3):235-246.
[8] O'LOUGHLIN C D,RICHARDSON M D,RANDOLPH M F,et al. Penetration of dynamically installed anchors in clay[J].Geotechnique,2013,63(11):909-919.
[9] SODERBERG L O. Consolidation theory applied to foundation pile time effects[J]. Géotechnique,1962,12(3):217-225.
[10] MIRZA U A A. Pile short-term capacity in clays[C]//Proceedings of the 9th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. 1999:693-699.
[11] AUDIBERT J M E,MOVANT M N,WON J Y,et al. Torpedo piles:laboratory and field research[C]//Proceedings of the 16th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. San Francisco,California,USA,2006:462-468.
[12] TAIEBAT H A,RAHIMI H,ZAD A A. Effects of consolidation on the ultimate capacity of vertically loaded anchors[C]//Proceedings of the 18th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. 2008:802-809.
[13] ZHU Z D,LIU S Y. Utilization of a new soil stabilizer for silt subgrade[J]. Engineering Geology,2008,97(3-4):192-198.
[14] ZHANG X G,MA G W,KHOON T Y,et al. Research on mechanism of stabilized soil mechanics enhanced by Con-Aid liquid stabilizer[J]. Key Engineering Materials,2007,353-358:3084-3087.
[15] GAUTAM S B,MISHRA C B,UMRIGAR N F. Subgrade soil stabilization using terrazyme[J]. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education,2016,2(3):2522-2528.
[16] LIU S J,JIANG J Y,WANG S,et al. Assessment of water-soluble thiourea-formaldehyde(WTF)resin for stabilization/solidification(S/S)of heavy metal contaminated soils[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2018,346:167-173.
[17]喻国良,杨闻宇.超抓重比的固结型锚及其安装方法:ZL201210153612.5[P]. 2014-12-24.(YU Guoliang,YANG Wenyu. Solidified anchors with super anchor efficiency and its installation methods:ZL201210153612.5[P]. 2014-12-24.(in Chinese))
[18]喻国良,张民曦.海洋工程的自落冲埋式固结锚:ZL201410025207.4[P]. 2016-06-01.(YU Guoliang,ZHANG Minxi.Marine engineering self flushing buried solidified anchor:ZL201410025207.4[P]. 2016-06-01.(in Chinese))
[19] WANG W K,WANG X F,YU G L. Vertical holding capacity of torpedo anchors in underwater cohesive soils[J]. Ocean Engineering,2018,161:291-307.
[20] LIU J,HAN C,YU L. Experimental investigation of the keying process of OMNI-Max anchor[J]. Marine Georesources Geotechnology,2018:1-17.
[21] GILBERT R B,MOVANT M,AUDIBERT J. Torpedo piles joint industry project—model torpedo pile tests in kaolinite test beds[R]. The University of Texas at Austin,Texas,USA,2008.
[22] O'BEIRNE C,O'LOUGHLIN C D,WANG D,et al. Capacity of dynamically installed anchors as assessed through field testing and three dimensional large deformation finite element analyses[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2015,52:548-562.
[23] AGUIAR C S D,SOUSA J R M D,ELLWANGER G B,et al. Undrained load capacity of torpedo anchors in cohesive soils[J].Journal of Offshore Mechanics&Arctic Engineering,2011,133(2):1352-1355.
[24] LIENG J T,TJELTA T I,SKAUGSET K. Installation of two prototype deep penetrating anchors at the gjoa field in the north sea[C]//Proceedings of the Offshore Technology Conference. 2010:1999-2007.
[25] MEDEIROS C J J. Low cost anchor system for flexible risers in deep waters[C]//Proceedings of the Offshore Technology Conference. 2002:1333-1337.
[26]刘秀.水下施工固化环氧建筑结构胶粘剂制备与应用[D].大连:大连理工大学,2012.(LIU Xiu. Preparation and application of solidified epoxy structural adhesive for underwater construction[D]. Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2012.(in Chinese))
[27]胡高平,高杰,何培新.低粘度高活性环氧树脂固化剂在潮湿及水下施工中的应用研究[C]//北京国际粘接技术研讨会暨第五届亚洲粘接技术研讨会. 2013.(HU Gaoping,GAO Jie,HE Peixin. Research on construction in the moist and under the water about low viscosity and high active epoxy resin curing agent[C]//Beijing International Symposium on Bonding Technology and the 5th Asian Adhesive Technology Seminar. 2013.(in Chinese))
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