知识员工创新失败学习仅靠领导包容足够吗?——一个被调节的中介模型
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摘要
知识员工在创新工作中的失败学习具有高价值和高阻力特征,领导的积极引导和员工自身素养是促进失败学习的良方。基于关系型领导理论和经验学习理论,引入心理资本作为中介变量,以批判性思维作为调节变量,构建被调节的中介模型,探讨包容型领导对知识员工失败学习的影响机制。对368名知识员工的样本数据进行实证分析发现:包容型领导正向影响知识员工失败学习,心理资本在该过程中起部分中介作用;批判性思维正向调节心理资本与知识员工失败学习的关系,包容型领导通过心理资本影响知识员工失败学习的间接效应。
Knowledge employees learning from failure in innovative work has the characteristics of high value and high resistance.Leaders′active guidance and employees′own quality are effective ways to promote learning from failure.Based on relational leadership theory and experience learning theory,the authors introduced psychological capital as a mediator and critical thinking as a moderator,built a moderated mediation model to study the influence mechanism of inclusive leadership on knowledge employees′learning from failure.The empirical analysis on 368 knowledge employees′sample data found that inclusive leadership has a positive effect on knowledge employees′learning from failure.Psychological capital partially mediates the relationship between inclusive leadership and learning from failure.Critical thinking positively moderates the relationship between psychological capital and learning from failure as well as the indirect effect caused by inclusive leadership to learning from failure through psychological capital.
Knowledge employees learning from failure in innovative work has the characteristics of high value and high resistance.Leaders′active guidance and employees′own quality are effective ways to promote learning from failure.Based on relational leadership theory and experience learning theory,the authors introduced psychological capital as a mediator and critical thinking as a moderator,built a moderated mediation model to study the influence mechanism of inclusive leadership on knowledge employees′learning from failure.The empirical analysis on 368 knowledge employees′sample data found that inclusive leadership has a positive effect on knowledge employees′learning from failure.Psychological capital partially mediates the relationship between inclusive leadership and learning from failure.Critical thinking positively moderates the relationship between psychological capital and learning from failure as well as the indirect effect caused by inclusive leadership to learning from failure through psychological capital.
引文
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[3]郭秋云,李南,菅利荣,等.失败学习、忘却情景与组织创造力[J].科技进步与对策,2017(12):128-133.
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[23]王端旭,李溪.包容型领导对员工从错误中学习的影响机制研究[J].世界科技研究与发展,2015,37(1):61-66.
[24] UHL-BIEN M.Relational leadership theory:exploring the social processes of leadership and organizing[J].Leadership Quarterly,2011,17(6):654-676.
[25] CARMELI A,REITERPALMON R,ZIV E.Inclusive leadership and employee involvement in creative tasks in the workplace:the mediating role of psychological safety[J].Creativity Research Journal,2010,22(3):250-260.
[26]姚明晖,李元旭.包容性领导对员工创新行为作用机制研究[J].科技进步与对策,2014(10):6-9.
[27] LUTHANS F,YOUSSEF C M,AVOLIO B J.Psychological capital:developing the human competitive edge[J].Journal of Asian Economics,2007,8(2):315-332.
[28]方阳春,王美洁.包容型领导风格对员工心理资本的影响[J].科研管理,2016,37(11):135-141.
[29] BANDURA A.Self-efficacy:the exercise of control.[J].Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy,2005,13(2).
[30] AVEY J B,REICHARD R J,LUTHANS F,et al.Meta-analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes,behaviors and performance[J].Human Resource Development Quarterly,2011,22(2):127-152.
[31]唐朝永,陈万明,胡恩华.心理资本、心理安全感与失败学习[J].软科学,2014,28(8):70-74.
[32] LUTHANS F,AVOLIO B J,WALUMBWA F O,et al.The psychological capital of chinese workers:exploring the relationship with performance[J].Management&Organization Review,2005,1(2):249-271.
[33] FACIONE N C,FACIONE P A.Externalizing the critical thinking in knowledge development and clinical judgment[J].Nursing Outlook,1996,44(3):129.
[34] KOLB D A.Experiential learning:experience as the source of learning and development[M].Englewood Cliffs.NJ:Prentice-Hall,1984:23.
[35] CORBETT A C.Experiential learning within the process of opportunity identification and exploitation[J].Entrepreneurship Theory&Practice,2005,29(4):473-491.
[36] TUCKER A L,EDMONDSON A C.Why hospitals don't learn from failures:organizational and psychological dynamics that inhibit system change[J].California Management Review,2003,45(2):55-72.
[37]屠兴勇,王泽英,何欣,等.批判性反思、创新性过程投入与创新行为——来自科技型企业员工的实证研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2017(03):126-138.
[38] WALS A E J,JICKLING B."Sustainability"in higher education:from doublethink and newspeak to critical thinking and meaningful learning[J].Higher Education Policy,2002,15(2):121-131.
[39]江静,杨百寅.善于质疑辨析就会有高创造力吗:中国情境下的领导—成员交换的弱化作用[J].南开管理评论,2014,17(2):117-128.
[40]KING P M,KITCHENER K S.Developing reflective judgment:understanding and promoting intellectual growth and critical thinking in adolescents and adults[M].San Francisco:Jossey Bass Press,1994.
[41] LUTHANS F,AVOLIO B J,AVEY J B,et al.Positive psychological capital:measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction[J].Personnel Psychology,2007,60(3):541-572.
[42] BARON R M,KENNY D A.The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research:conceptual,strategic,and statistical considerations[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1987,51(6):1173-1182.
[43] WANG L,PREACHER K J.Moderated mediation analysis using bayesian methods[J].Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal,2015,22(2):249-263.
[44] HAYES,ANDREW F.Introduction to mediation,moderation,and conditional process analysis:a regression-based approach.[J].Journal of Educational Measurement,2013,51(3):335-337.
[45]王重鸣,胡洪浩.创新团队中宽容氛围与失败学习的实证研究[J].科技进步与对策,2015(1):18-23.
[46]查成伟,陈万明,唐朝永.高质量关系、失败学习与企业创新绩效[J].管理评论,2016,28(2):175-184.
[47]黄俊锦,张昊民,马君.失败学习行为对创造力的作用机制研究——基于人-工作匹配和自我决定感的三阶调节效应[J].商业经济与管理,2016(9):41-50.
[2] CARMELI A,SCHAUBROECK J.Organisational crisispreparedness:the importance of learning from failures[J].Long Range Planning,2008,41(2):177-196.
[3]郭秋云,李南,菅利荣,等.失败学习、忘却情景与组织创造力[J].科技进步与对策,2017(12):128-133.
[4] DRUCKER P F.Knowledge-worker productivity:the biggest challenge[J].Engineering Management Review,1999,41(2):79-94.
[5]廖建桥,文鹏.知识员工定义、特征及分类研究述评[J].管理学报,2009,6(2):277-283.
[6]于晓宇,蔡莉.失败学习行为、战略决策与创业企业创新绩效[J].管理科学学报,2013,16(12):37-56.
[7]谢雅萍,梁素蓉.失败学习研究回顾与未来展望[J].外国经济与管理,2016,38(1):42-53.
[8] UCBASARAN D,SHEPHERD D A,LOCKETT A,et al.Life after business failure:the process and consequences of business failure for entrepreneurs[J].Journal of Management,2013,39(1):163-202.
[9] AMANKWAHAMOAH J.Organizational failure research revisited:antecedents,moderators and post-exit effects[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,2011.
[10] SHEPHERD D A,CARDON M S.Negative emotional reactions to project failure and the self-compassion to learn from the experience[J].Journal of Management Studies,2009,46(6):923-949.
[11] EDMONDSON A C.Strategies for learning from failure[J].Harvard Business Review,2011,89(4):48-55,137.
[12]唐朝永,陈万明,胡恩华.变革型领导、心理所有权与失败学习间关系的实证研究[J].技术经济,2016,35(9):43-49.
[13] CARMELI A,GITTELL J H.High-quality relationships,psychological safety,and learning from failures in work organizations[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,2009,30(6):709-729.
[14] GRESSGARD L J,HANSEN K.Knowledge exchange and learning from failures in distributed environments:the role of contractor relationship management and work characteristics[J].Reliability Engineering&System Safety,2015,133(133):167-175.
[15] BAUMARD P,STARBUCK W H.Learning from failures:why it may not happen[J].Long Range Planning,2005,38(3):281-298.
[16]唐朝永,陈万明,胡恩华.知识型员工失败学习的多层次模型研究[J].预测,2014(4):1-7.
[17]HIRAK R,PENG A C,CARMELI A,et al.Linking leader inclusiveness to work unit performance:the importance of psychological safety and learning from failures[J].Leadership Quarterly,2012,23(1):107-117.
[18] CANNON M D,EDMONDSON A C.Confronting failure:antecedents and consequences of shared beliefs about failure in organizational work groups[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,2010,22(2):161-177.
[19]谢雅萍,梁素蓉,陈睿君.失败学习、创业行动学习与创业能力——悲痛恢复取向的调节作用[J].管理评论,2017(4):47-58.
[20]丁桂凤,候亮,张露,等.创业失败与再创业意向的作用机制[J].心理科学进展,2016,24(7):1009-1019.
[21] VALIKANGAS L,HOEGL M,GIBBERTC M.Why learning from failure isn′t easy(and what to do about it:innovation trauma at Sun Microsystems[J].European Management Journal,2009,27(4):225-233.
[22] NEMBHARD I M,EDMONDSON A C.Making it safe:the effects of leader inclusiveness and professional status on psychological safety and improvement efforts in health care teams[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,2006,27(7):941-966.
[23]王端旭,李溪.包容型领导对员工从错误中学习的影响机制研究[J].世界科技研究与发展,2015,37(1):61-66.
[24] UHL-BIEN M.Relational leadership theory:exploring the social processes of leadership and organizing[J].Leadership Quarterly,2011,17(6):654-676.
[25] CARMELI A,REITERPALMON R,ZIV E.Inclusive leadership and employee involvement in creative tasks in the workplace:the mediating role of psychological safety[J].Creativity Research Journal,2010,22(3):250-260.
[26]姚明晖,李元旭.包容性领导对员工创新行为作用机制研究[J].科技进步与对策,2014(10):6-9.
[27] LUTHANS F,YOUSSEF C M,AVOLIO B J.Psychological capital:developing the human competitive edge[J].Journal of Asian Economics,2007,8(2):315-332.
[28]方阳春,王美洁.包容型领导风格对员工心理资本的影响[J].科研管理,2016,37(11):135-141.
[29] BANDURA A.Self-efficacy:the exercise of control.[J].Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy,2005,13(2).
[30] AVEY J B,REICHARD R J,LUTHANS F,et al.Meta-analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes,behaviors and performance[J].Human Resource Development Quarterly,2011,22(2):127-152.
[31]唐朝永,陈万明,胡恩华.心理资本、心理安全感与失败学习[J].软科学,2014,28(8):70-74.
[32] LUTHANS F,AVOLIO B J,WALUMBWA F O,et al.The psychological capital of chinese workers:exploring the relationship with performance[J].Management&Organization Review,2005,1(2):249-271.
[33] FACIONE N C,FACIONE P A.Externalizing the critical thinking in knowledge development and clinical judgment[J].Nursing Outlook,1996,44(3):129.
[34] KOLB D A.Experiential learning:experience as the source of learning and development[M].Englewood Cliffs.NJ:Prentice-Hall,1984:23.
[35] CORBETT A C.Experiential learning within the process of opportunity identification and exploitation[J].Entrepreneurship Theory&Practice,2005,29(4):473-491.
[36] TUCKER A L,EDMONDSON A C.Why hospitals don't learn from failures:organizational and psychological dynamics that inhibit system change[J].California Management Review,2003,45(2):55-72.
[37]屠兴勇,王泽英,何欣,等.批判性反思、创新性过程投入与创新行为——来自科技型企业员工的实证研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2017(03):126-138.
[38] WALS A E J,JICKLING B."Sustainability"in higher education:from doublethink and newspeak to critical thinking and meaningful learning[J].Higher Education Policy,2002,15(2):121-131.
[39]江静,杨百寅.善于质疑辨析就会有高创造力吗:中国情境下的领导—成员交换的弱化作用[J].南开管理评论,2014,17(2):117-128.
[40]KING P M,KITCHENER K S.Developing reflective judgment:understanding and promoting intellectual growth and critical thinking in adolescents and adults[M].San Francisco:Jossey Bass Press,1994.
[41] LUTHANS F,AVOLIO B J,AVEY J B,et al.Positive psychological capital:measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction[J].Personnel Psychology,2007,60(3):541-572.
[42] BARON R M,KENNY D A.The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research:conceptual,strategic,and statistical considerations[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1987,51(6):1173-1182.
[43] WANG L,PREACHER K J.Moderated mediation analysis using bayesian methods[J].Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal,2015,22(2):249-263.
[44] HAYES,ANDREW F.Introduction to mediation,moderation,and conditional process analysis:a regression-based approach.[J].Journal of Educational Measurement,2013,51(3):335-337.
[45]王重鸣,胡洪浩.创新团队中宽容氛围与失败学习的实证研究[J].科技进步与对策,2015(1):18-23.
[46]查成伟,陈万明,唐朝永.高质量关系、失败学习与企业创新绩效[J].管理评论,2016,28(2):175-184.
[47]黄俊锦,张昊民,马君.失败学习行为对创造力的作用机制研究——基于人-工作匹配和自我决定感的三阶调节效应[J].商业经济与管理,2016(9):41-50.
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