淮北采煤塌陷区两个小型湖泊浮游甲壳动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系
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摘要
2017年4月、7月、10月和2018年1月对淮北采煤塌陷湖泊东湖和刘桥湖浮游甲壳动物群落结构的季节变化进行研究。结果表明:2个湖泊共记录浮游甲壳动物12种,其中枝角类7属8种,桡足类4属4种;东湖浮游甲壳动物的年平均密度和生物量(12.8 ind·L-1和0.26 mg·L~(-1))明显高于刘桥湖(4.4 ind·L-1和0.1 mg·L~(-1));东湖夏秋季的主要优势种为短尾秀体溞(Diaphanosoma brachyurum)和广布中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops leuckarti),冬春季为方形尖额溞(Alona quadranyularis)、盔形溞(Daphnia galeata)、卵形盘肠溞(Chydorus ovalis)和近邻剑水蚤(Cyclops vicinus);刘桥湖夏秋季的主要优势种为象鼻溞(Bosmina sp.)、短尾秀体溞和广布中剑水蚤,冬春季为方形尖额溞和近邻剑水蚤;东湖和刘桥湖Shannon多样性指数分别为0.64"0.27和0.93"0.29;冗余分析结果表明,水温、营养盐(TN、TP)和浮游植物生物量是影响2个湖泊浮游甲壳动物群落结构变化的重要因素;鲢、鳙鱼的捕食压力对浮游甲壳动物群落结构具有重要的影响。
The seasonal dynamics of community structure of crustacean zooplankton in the collapse lakes of Huaibei mining areas( Lake Donghu and Lake Liuqiao) were investigated in April,July,and October 2017 and January 2018. The results showed that a total of 12 species were recorded in two lakes,out of which 8 species( 7 genera) belong to cladocera and 4 species( 4genera) belong to copepoda. The annual average density and biomass of crustacean zooplankton in Lake Donghu( 12.8 ind·L-1and 0.26 mg·L~(-1)) were higher than those in Lake Liuqiao( 4.4ind·L-1and 0.1 mg·L~(-1)). In Lake Donghu,Mesocyclops leuckarti and Diaphanosoma brachyurum were the dominant species in summer and autumn, whereas Cyclops vicinus, Alona quadranyularis,Daphnia galeata,and Chydorus ovalis were the dominant species in winter and spring. In Lake Liuqiao,Bosmina sp.,D. brachyurum and M. leuckarti were the dominant species in summer and autumn,whereas A. quadranyularis and C. vicinus were the dominant species in winter and spring. The average values of Shannon index in Lake Donghu and Lake Liuqiao were 0.64 "0.27 and 0.93 " 0.29,respectively. Results from the redundancy analysis showed that water temperature,nutrient concentration( TN and TP),and phytoplankton biomass were main environmental factors affecting the community structure of crustacean zooplankton. The predation pressure of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis had an important influence on the seasonal dynamics of crustacean zooplankton community in both lakes.
The seasonal dynamics of community structure of crustacean zooplankton in the collapse lakes of Huaibei mining areas( Lake Donghu and Lake Liuqiao) were investigated in April,July,and October 2017 and January 2018. The results showed that a total of 12 species were recorded in two lakes,out of which 8 species( 7 genera) belong to cladocera and 4 species( 4genera) belong to copepoda. The annual average density and biomass of crustacean zooplankton in Lake Donghu( 12.8 ind·L-1and 0.26 mg·L~(-1)) were higher than those in Lake Liuqiao( 4.4ind·L-1and 0.1 mg·L~(-1)). In Lake Donghu,Mesocyclops leuckarti and Diaphanosoma brachyurum were the dominant species in summer and autumn, whereas Cyclops vicinus, Alona quadranyularis,Daphnia galeata,and Chydorus ovalis were the dominant species in winter and spring. In Lake Liuqiao,Bosmina sp.,D. brachyurum and M. leuckarti were the dominant species in summer and autumn,whereas A. quadranyularis and C. vicinus were the dominant species in winter and spring. The average values of Shannon index in Lake Donghu and Lake Liuqiao were 0.64 "0.27 and 0.93 " 0.29,respectively. Results from the redundancy analysis showed that water temperature,nutrient concentration( TN and TP),and phytoplankton biomass were main environmental factors affecting the community structure of crustacean zooplankton. The predation pressure of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis had an important influence on the seasonal dynamics of crustacean zooplankton community in both lakes.
引文
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邓道贵,金显文,葛茜,等.2012.淮北采煤塌陷区小型湖泊轮虫群落结构的季节变化.湖泊科学,24(1):111-116.
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邓道贵,杨威,孟小丽,等.2013.淮河中游浮游甲壳动物群落结构的季节动态.水生生物学报,37(5):869-875.
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王振红,桂和荣,罗专溪,等.2005.采煤塌陷塘浮游生物对矿区生态变化的响应.中国环境科学,25(1):42-46.
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杨亮杰,吕光汉,竺俊全,等.2014.横山水库浮游动物群落结构特征及水质评价.水生生物学报,38(4):720-728.
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易齐涛,汪琪,谢凯,等.2018.淮南采煤塌陷湖泊浮游甲壳动物群落结构特征及其影响因素.水生态学杂志,39(3):37-43.
余文生,詹文荣,聂雪,等.2018.枯水季节赣江近岸水洼与浅滩中浮游动物的群落差异.水生生物学报,42(2):382-391.
张晓燕,张笑君,林秋奇,等.2014.一座热带中型水库浮游甲壳动物种类多样性与群落结构季节变化.生态科学,33(5):998-1004.
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邓道贵,金显文,葛茜,等.2012.淮北采煤塌陷区小型湖泊轮虫群落结构的季节变化.湖泊科学,24(1):111-116.
邓道贵,邢荣龙,马睿,等.2010.淮北采煤塌陷区小型湖泊浮游甲壳动物群落结构的季节变化.湖泊科学,22(4):591-597.
邓道贵,杨威,孟小丽,等.2013.淮河中游浮游甲壳动物群落结构的季节动态.水生生物学报,37(5):869-875.
国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.2002.水和废水监测分析方法(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社.
何春桂.2006.采煤塌陷区水域浮游动物群落特征研究-以淮南谢二矿塌陷塘为例(硕士学位论文).淮南:安徽理工大学.
胡翠林,王圣瑞,过龙根,等.2014.洱海鲢、鳙的食物组成及与太湖新银鱼的食性重叠研究.水生生物学报,38(4):706-713
胡鸿钧,魏印心.2006.中国淡水藻类:系统、分类及生态北京:科学出版社.
纪磊,李晓明,邓道贵.2016.淮北煤矿区塌陷湖大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价.水生生物学报,40(1):147-156.
简兴,王玉良,王松.2011.淮北市采煤塌陷区土壤养分分布状况.城市环境与城市生态,24(2):43-46.
蒋燮治,堵南山.1979.中国动物志:淡水枝角类.北京:科学出版社.
柯志新,谢平,过龙根,等.2012.太湖梅梁湾大型控藻围栏对浮游甲壳动物群落结构的影响.应用生态学报,23(8):2270-2276.
李纯厚,黄祥飞.1992.略论东湖枝角类的种类演替及其生态因子.水生生物学报,16(2):101-112.
李晓明,丁建华.2016.淮北采煤塌陷湖大型底栖动物群落结构季节动态研究.生物学杂志,33(6):57-61.
李晓明,纪磊,邓道贵.2015.淮北煤矿区塌陷湖水生昆虫群落结构的季节性变化.生态学杂志,34(5):1359-1366.
林青,由文辉,徐凤洁,等.2014.滴水湖浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.生态学报,34(23):6918-6929.
林志,万阳,徐梅,等.2018.淮南迪沟采煤沉陷区湖泊后生浮游动物群落结构及其影响因子.湖泊科学,30(1):171-182.
鲁敏,谢平.2002.武汉东湖不同湖区浮游甲壳动物群落结构的比较.海洋与湖沼,33(2):174-181.
裴文明,姚素平,董少春,等.2015.皖北刘桥矿采煤塌陷区生态环境动态监测.煤田地质与勘探,42(5):67-72.
施葵初.2003.安徽湿地.合肥:合肥工业大学出版社.
完永钊,马洪康,王素芳.2007.淮北市采煤塌陷区土地综合开发研究.地质灾害与环境保护,18(4):52-55.
王松,简兴,张财文,等.2016.淮北采煤塌陷区湿地鸟类多样性及群落结构特征.湿地科学,14(2):755-762.
王婷婷,易齐涛,胡友彪,等.2013.两淮采煤沉陷区水域水体富营养化及氮、磷限制模拟实验.湖泊科学,25(6):916-926.
王文侠,陈非洲,谷孝鸿.2017.南京市5座中型水库浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.湖泊科学,29(1):216-223.
王振红,桂和荣,罗专溪,等.2005.采煤塌陷塘浮游生物对矿区生态变化的响应.中国环境科学,25(1):42-46.
谢平,诸葛燕,戴莽,等.1996.水体富营养化对浮游生物群落多样性的影响.水生生物学报,20(增刊):30-37.
徐梅,吴芳仪,刘靓靓,等.2016.焦岗湖浮游甲壳动物群落结构的季节动态.生态学杂志,35(5):1254-1262.
徐兆礼,陈亚瞿.1989.东黄海秋季浮游动物优势种聚集强度与蛤鳍渔场的关系.生态学杂志,8(4):13-15.
薛颖昊,席贻龙,张根.2012.粉煤灰污染影响萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)种复合体空间分布的原因.湖泊科学,24(1):137-141.
杨亮杰,吕光汉,竺俊全,等.2014.横山水库浮游动物群落结构特征及水质评价.水生生物学报,38(4):720-728.
杨宇峰,黄祥飞.1992.鲢鳙对浮游动物群落结构的影响.湖泊科学,4(3):78-86.
易齐涛,汪琪,谢凯,等.2018.淮南采煤塌陷湖泊浮游甲壳动物群落结构特征及其影响因素.水生态学杂志,39(3):37-43.
余文生,詹文荣,聂雪,等.2018.枯水季节赣江近岸水洼与浅滩中浮游动物的群落差异.水生生物学报,42(2):382-391.
张晓燕,张笑君,林秋奇,等.2014.一座热带中型水库浮游甲壳动物种类多样性与群落结构季节变化.生态科学,33(5):998-1004.
章宗涉,黄祥飞.1991.淡水浮游生物研究方法.北京:科学出版社.
赵会,张坤,彭水秀,等.2018.军山湖、青山湖和瑶湖春夏季节浮游甲壳动物的群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.生态学杂志,37(4):1197-1203.
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