山东夏季降水年际优势模态及对应大气环流特征
|
摘要
本文基于1962-2016年山东省降水资料和JRA-55再分析资料,利用EOF、相关分析和合成分析等方法,研究了山东夏季降水年际分布型态及对应的大气环流形势。结果表明:山东夏季降水的年际型态主要分为全区一致型、西北-东南型和东北-西南型模态。在全区一致偏多(少)年,蒙古高原和日本海呈"东高西低"("西高东低")的环流结构,东亚地区有"-+-"("+-+")分布的类似EAP遥相关型经向波列,阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾和菲律宾低层为异常反气旋式环流。在西北多(少)—东南少(多)年,乌拉尔山阻塞高压和鄂霍次克海阻塞高压活动加强(减弱),沿高空急流轴自西向东有类似"丝绸之路"遥相关型的波列。在东北多(少)—西南少(多)年,在欧亚大陆中西部有"+-"("++")东北-西南向异常波列,热带地区为东(西)风异常。另外,西太平洋副热带高压的南北位置主要影响第一模态、西伸东退主要影响第二模态;三个模态的东亚急流在山东及其附近区域都有位于急流轴南北两侧的偶极子异常结构,但异常中心的位置有所差异。这些结论有助于进一步认识山东夏季降水异常及其环流特征,从而为预测提供参考依据。
Based on meteorological data and JRA-55 reanalysis data, the dominant interannual patterns of summer precipitation over Shandong Province and their circulation characteristics were investigated by using the EOF, correlation analysis and composite analysis methods. The results indicate that the spatial distributions of interannual summer precipitation over Shandong Province can be classified into 'consistent distribution', ' northwest-southeast seesaw distribution' and ' northeast-southwest seesaw distribution'modes. In the consistent more(less) precipitation year, there is a dipole anomaly pattern with high(low)pressure over the Sea of Japan and low(high) pressure over Mongolia Plateau; a meridional wave-train resembles EAP teleconnection pattern is distributed as '-+-'('+-+')over East Asia; the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal and the Philippine regions are characterized by anomalous low level anticyclones. In the years of more precipitation over northwest(southeast) and less precipitation over southeast(northwest) of Shandong, the activities of Ural blocking high and Okhotsk blocking high are enhanced(suppressed) and a wave-train which is analogous to ' Silk Road' teleconnection pattern propagating eastward along the upper westerly jet stream. In the years of more precipitation over northeast(southwest) and less precipitation over southwest(northeast) of Shandong, a northeast-southwest wave-train is distributed as'-+-('+-+') over western and central Eurasia and the tropical zone is characterized by anomalous east(west) wind. In addition, the 'consistent distribution' mode is mainly influenced by the latitude position of West Pacific subtropical high(WPSH) ridge while the ' northwest-southeast seesaw distribution'mode is largely affected by the westward extending and eastward retreating of WPSH. As for the upper westerly jet stream, a dipole anomaly pattern is located in the south and north sides of jet axis over Shandong and its vicinal region in all of the three modes with position differences of the anomalous centers.These results would be helpful in further understanding anomalous summer precipitation and its atmospheric circulation to improve the predictability of summer precipitation over Shandong Province.
Based on meteorological data and JRA-55 reanalysis data, the dominant interannual patterns of summer precipitation over Shandong Province and their circulation characteristics were investigated by using the EOF, correlation analysis and composite analysis methods. The results indicate that the spatial distributions of interannual summer precipitation over Shandong Province can be classified into 'consistent distribution', ' northwest-southeast seesaw distribution' and ' northeast-southwest seesaw distribution'modes. In the consistent more(less) precipitation year, there is a dipole anomaly pattern with high(low)pressure over the Sea of Japan and low(high) pressure over Mongolia Plateau; a meridional wave-train resembles EAP teleconnection pattern is distributed as '-+-'('+-+')over East Asia; the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal and the Philippine regions are characterized by anomalous low level anticyclones. In the years of more precipitation over northwest(southeast) and less precipitation over southeast(northwest) of Shandong, the activities of Ural blocking high and Okhotsk blocking high are enhanced(suppressed) and a wave-train which is analogous to ' Silk Road' teleconnection pattern propagating eastward along the upper westerly jet stream. In the years of more precipitation over northeast(southwest) and less precipitation over southwest(northeast) of Shandong, a northeast-southwest wave-train is distributed as'-+-('+-+') over western and central Eurasia and the tropical zone is characterized by anomalous east(west) wind. In addition, the 'consistent distribution' mode is mainly influenced by the latitude position of West Pacific subtropical high(WPSH) ridge while the ' northwest-southeast seesaw distribution'mode is largely affected by the westward extending and eastward retreating of WPSH. As for the upper westerly jet stream, a dipole anomaly pattern is located in the south and north sides of jet axis over Shandong and its vicinal region in all of the three modes with position differences of the anomalous centers.These results would be helpful in further understanding anomalous summer precipitation and its atmospheric circulation to improve the predictability of summer precipitation over Shandong Province.
引文
陈丽娟,顾薇,丁婷,等,2016. 2015年汛期气候预测先兆信号的综合分析[J].气象,42(4):496-506. Chen L J,Gu W,Ding T,et al,2016. Overview of the precursory signals of seasonal climate prediction in summer 2015[J]. Meteor Mon, 42(4):496-506(in Chinese).
迟竹萍,2009.近45年山东夏季降水时空分布及变化趋势分析[J].高原气象,28(1):221-226. Chi Z P,2009. Spatial and temporal distributions and climatic change of summer precipitation in Shandong Province[J]. Plateau Meteor, 28(1):221-226(in Chinese).
崔童,王东阡,李多,等,2015. 2014年夏季我国气候异常及成因简析[J].气象,41(1):121-125. Cui T,Wang D Q,Li D,et al,2015.Analysis on climate anomalies in China in summer 2014[J]. Meteor Mon,41(1):121-125(in Chinese).
董旭光,顾伟宗,孟祥新,等,2014.山东省近50年来降水事件变化特征[J].地理学报,69(5):661-671. Dong X G,Gu W Z,Meng X X,et al,2014. Change features of precipitation events in Shandong Province from 1961 to 2010[J]. Acta Geogr Sinica,69(5):661-671(in Chinese).
高安春,申培鲁,张延龙,2006.夏季西太平洋副热带高压与山东降水的关系[J].气象科技,34(1):62-67. Gao A C,Shen P L,Zhang Y L,2006. Influence of western Pacific subtropical high on summerprecipitation in Shandong Province[J]. Meteor Sci Technol, 34(1):62-67(in Chinese).
高辉,袁媛,洪洁莉,等,2017. 2016年汛期气候预测效果评述及主要先兆信号与应用[J].气象,43(4):486-494. Gao H,Yuan Y,Hong J L,et al,2017. Overview of climate prediction of the summer 2016 and the precursory signals[J]. Meteor Mon, 43(4):486-494(in Chinese).
顾薇,2016.夏季热带西太平洋海温对厄尔尼诺发展阶段我国东部汛期降水的影响分析[J].气象,42(5):548-556. Gu W,2016. Possible impact of the western tropical Pacific SSTA on precipitation during the El Nino developing summers in the eastern part of China[J]. Meteor Mon,42(5):548-556(in Chinese).
顾伟宗,陈丽娟,左金清,等,2016.多因子协同作用对1992年和1998年黄淮地区夏季降水异常的影响[J].大气科学,40(4):743-755. Gu W Z, Chen L J,Zuo J Q, et al, 2016. Combined effect of multiple factors on the summer rainfall anomalies over the Huanghe-IIuaihe Valley in 1992 and 1998[J]. Chinese J Atmos Sci,40(4):743-755(in Chinese).
顾伟宗,张莉,王辉,2012.气候变化背景下山东盛夏降水异常成因及预测研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,42(12):8-31. Gu W Z,Zhang L,Wang H,2012. Research of abnormity and prediction for midsummer rainfall in Shandong Province in climate change background[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 42(12):8-31(in Chinese).
胡桂芳,2011.山东夏季降水分布型及与全国雨型的关系[J].山东气象,31(1):1-4. IIu G F,2011. The relationship between the dominant patterns of Shandong summer rainfall and the patterns of China[J]. J Shandong Meteor,31(1):1-4(in Chinese).
黄荣辉,孙凤英,1994.热带西太平洋暖池的热状态及其上空的对流活动对东亚夏季气候异常的影响[J].大气科学,18(2):141-151. Huang R H, Sun F Y,1994. Impacts of the thermal state and the convective activities in the tropical western warm pool on the summer climate anomalies in East Asia[J]. Sci Atmos Sinica,18(2):141-151(in Chinese).
李君,邰庆国,韩国泳,等,2009.山东伏期旱涝特征与大气环流异常[J].气象科学,29(1):106-109. Li J,Tai Q G,IIan G Y,et al,2009. Charactercstic of rainfall in mid-summer over Shandong Province and its relationship with anomalous atmospheric circulation[J]. Sci Meteor Sinica,29(1):106-109(in Chinese).
李维京,左金清,宋艳玲,等,2015.气候变暖背景下我国南方旱涝灾害时空格局变化[J].气象,41(3):261-271. Li W J,Zuo J Q,Song Y L,et al,2015. Changes in spatio temporal distribution of drought/flood disaster in southern China under global climate warming[J]. Meteor Mon,41(3):261-271(in Chinese).
李妍,布和朝鲁,林大伟,等,2016.内蒙古夏季降水变率的优势模态及其环流特征[J].大气科学,40(4):756-776. Li Y,Bueh C L,Lin D W,et al,2016. The dominant modes of summer precipitation over Inner Mongolia and its typical circulation characteristics[J]. Chinese J Atmos Sci,40(4):756-776(in Chinese).
廉丽姝,李为华,朱平盛,2006.山东省近40年气候变化特征[J].气象科技,34(1):57-61. Lian L S,Li W H,Zhu P S,2006. Analysis of climate change in Shandong Province since 1961[J]. Meteor Sci Technol,34(1):57-61(in Chinese).
廖清海,陶诗言,王会军,2006.东亚地区夏季7~8月大气环流季节演变异常的内部动力学过程[J].地球物理学报,49(1):28-36.Liao Q H,Tao S Y,Wang II J,2006. Internal dynamics related to anomalies of seasonal evolution of summer circulations in East Asia during July-August[J]. Chinese J Geophys, 49(1):28-36(in Chinese).
刘芸芸,丁一汇,2008.印度夏季风与中国华北降水的遥相关分析及数值模拟[J].气象学报,66(5):789-799. Liu Y Y,Ding Y H,2008. Analysis and numerical simulation of the teleconnection between Indian summer monsoon and precipitation in North China[J]. Acta Meteor Sinica, 66(5):789-799(in Chinese).
吕俊梅,琚建华,张庆云,等,2006.热带西太平洋海温距平与Rossby波传播对1993和1994年东亚夏季风异常影响的差异[J].大气科学,30(5):977-987. L(u|¨)J M,Ju J H,Zhang Q Y,et al,2006.Differences of influences of tropical western Pacific SST anomaly and Rossby wave propagation on East Asian monsoon in the summers of 1993 and 1994[J]. Chinese J Atmos Sci, 30(5):977-987(in Chinese).
孟祥新,王娜,商林,2017.海温异常对山东夏季降水的影响分析[J].气象,43(10):1259-1266. Meng X X,Wang N,Shang L,2017.Influence of the early SST anomaly on the summer precipitation in Shandong Province[J]. Meteor Mon, 43(10):1259-1266(in Chinese).
邵勰,周兵,2016. 2015/2016年超强厄尔尼诺事件气候监测及诊断分析[J].气象,42(5):540-547. Shao X,Zhou B,2016. Monitoring and diagnosis of the 2015/2016 super El Nino event[J].Meteor Mon,42(5):540-547(in Chinese).
孙照渤,曹蓉,倪东鸿,2016.东北夏季降水分型及其大气环流特征[J].大气科学学报,39(1):18-27.Sun Z B,Cao R,Ni D H,2016. A classification of summer precipitation patterns over Northeast China and their atmospheric circulation characteristics[J]. Trans Atmos Sci,39(1):18-27(in Chinese).
魏凤英,2007.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术:第2版[M].北京:气象出版社:15-28,105-111. Wei F Y,2007. Statistical Diagnosis and Prediction Technology of Modern Climate:Edition 2[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press:15-28,105-111(in Chinese).
魏凤英,陈官军,李茜,2012.中国东部夏季不同雨带类型的海洋和环流特征差异[J].气象学报,70(5):1004-1020. Wei F Y,Chen G J,Li Q,2012. Differences of oceanic and atmospheric circulation features among the rainfall-band patterns in summer in eastern China[J]. Acta Meteor Sinica,70(5):1004-1020(in Chinese).
余贞寿,孙照渤,曾刚,2005.太平洋SSTA对中国东部夏季降水的影响I——观测分析[J].热带气象学报,21(5):467-477. Yu Z S,Sun Z B,Zeng G,2005. The effects of Pacific SSTA on summer precipitation over eastern China I-observational analysis[J]. J Trop Meteor,21(5):467-477(in Chinese).
袁媛,高辉,贾小龙,等,2016. 2014-2016年超强厄尔尼诺事件的气候影响[J].气象,42(5):532-539. Yuan Y,Gao H,Jia X L,et al,2016. Influences of the 2014-2016 super El Nino event on climate[J]. Meteor Mon,42(5):532-539(in Chinese).
袁媛,高辉,李维京,等,2017a. 2016年和1998年汛期降水特征及物理机制对比分析[J].气象学报,75(1):19-38. Yuan Y,Gao H,Li W J,et al,2017a. Analysis and comparison of summer precipitation features and physical mechanisms between 2016 and 1998[J]. Acta Meteor Sinica,75(1):19-38(in Chinese).
袁媛,高辉,柳艳菊,2017b. 2016年夏季我国东部降水异常特征及成因简析[J].气象,43(1):115-121. Yuan Y,Gao H,Liu Y J,2017b. Analysis of the characteristics and causes of precipitation anomalies over eastern China in the summer of 2016[J]. Meteor Mon,43(1):115-121(in Chinese).
岳如画,徐海明,2017.春季赤道印度洋纬向-垂直环流的变化特征及其与Walker环流的关系[J].大气科学,41(1):213-226. Yue R H,Xu H M, 2017. Variations of the spring equatorial Indian Ocean zonal-vertical circulation and its correlation with the Walker circulation[J]. Chinese J Atmos Sci, 41(1):213-226(in Chinese).
赵振国,1999.中国夏季旱涝及环境场[M].北京:气象出版社:1-9.Zhao Z G, 1999. Drought/Flood Disaster and the Environment Field in China during Summer[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press:1-9(in Chinese).
朱乾根,林锦瑞,寿绍文,等,2007.天气学原理和方法:第4版[M].北京:气象出版社:120-121. Zhu Q G,Lin J R,Shou S W,et al,2007. Principles and Methods of Synoptic Meteorology:Edition4[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press:120-121(in Chinese).
Ding Q H, Wang B,2005. Circumglobal teleconnection in the Northern Hemisphere summer[J]. J Climate, 18(17):3483-3505.
Ding Y H,Si D,Sun Y,et al.2014. Inter-decadal variations,causes and future projection of the Asian summer monsoon[J]. Eng Sci,12(2):22-28.
Kobayashi S,Ota Y,Haradar et al.2015. The JRA-55 reanalysis general specifications and basic characteristics[J]. Meteor Soc Japan, 93(1):5-48.
North G R,Bell T L,Cahalan R F,et al,1982. Sampling errors in the estimation of empirical orthogonal function[J]. Mon Wea Rev,110(7):699-706.
Onogi K,Tsutsui J,Koide 11,2007. The JRA-25 reanalysis[J]. J Meteor Soc Japan,85(3):369-432.
Wang B,Wu R G,Fu X 11,2000. Pacific-East Asian teleconnection:how does ENSO affect East Asian climate?[J]. J Climate, 13(9):1517-1536.
Zhang Q,Sun P,Singh V P,et al,2012. Spatial-temporal precipitation changes(1956-2000)and their implications for agriculture in China[J]. Global Planet Change:82-83,86-95.
Zhang Q,Xu C Y,Zhang Z,et al,2009. Spatial and temporal variability of precipitation over China,1951-2005[J]. Theor Appl Climatol, 95(1/2):53-68.
迟竹萍,2009.近45年山东夏季降水时空分布及变化趋势分析[J].高原气象,28(1):221-226. Chi Z P,2009. Spatial and temporal distributions and climatic change of summer precipitation in Shandong Province[J]. Plateau Meteor, 28(1):221-226(in Chinese).
崔童,王东阡,李多,等,2015. 2014年夏季我国气候异常及成因简析[J].气象,41(1):121-125. Cui T,Wang D Q,Li D,et al,2015.Analysis on climate anomalies in China in summer 2014[J]. Meteor Mon,41(1):121-125(in Chinese).
董旭光,顾伟宗,孟祥新,等,2014.山东省近50年来降水事件变化特征[J].地理学报,69(5):661-671. Dong X G,Gu W Z,Meng X X,et al,2014. Change features of precipitation events in Shandong Province from 1961 to 2010[J]. Acta Geogr Sinica,69(5):661-671(in Chinese).
高安春,申培鲁,张延龙,2006.夏季西太平洋副热带高压与山东降水的关系[J].气象科技,34(1):62-67. Gao A C,Shen P L,Zhang Y L,2006. Influence of western Pacific subtropical high on summerprecipitation in Shandong Province[J]. Meteor Sci Technol, 34(1):62-67(in Chinese).
高辉,袁媛,洪洁莉,等,2017. 2016年汛期气候预测效果评述及主要先兆信号与应用[J].气象,43(4):486-494. Gao H,Yuan Y,Hong J L,et al,2017. Overview of climate prediction of the summer 2016 and the precursory signals[J]. Meteor Mon, 43(4):486-494(in Chinese).
顾薇,2016.夏季热带西太平洋海温对厄尔尼诺发展阶段我国东部汛期降水的影响分析[J].气象,42(5):548-556. Gu W,2016. Possible impact of the western tropical Pacific SSTA on precipitation during the El Nino developing summers in the eastern part of China[J]. Meteor Mon,42(5):548-556(in Chinese).
顾伟宗,陈丽娟,左金清,等,2016.多因子协同作用对1992年和1998年黄淮地区夏季降水异常的影响[J].大气科学,40(4):743-755. Gu W Z, Chen L J,Zuo J Q, et al, 2016. Combined effect of multiple factors on the summer rainfall anomalies over the Huanghe-IIuaihe Valley in 1992 and 1998[J]. Chinese J Atmos Sci,40(4):743-755(in Chinese).
顾伟宗,张莉,王辉,2012.气候变化背景下山东盛夏降水异常成因及预测研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,42(12):8-31. Gu W Z,Zhang L,Wang H,2012. Research of abnormity and prediction for midsummer rainfall in Shandong Province in climate change background[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 42(12):8-31(in Chinese).
胡桂芳,2011.山东夏季降水分布型及与全国雨型的关系[J].山东气象,31(1):1-4. IIu G F,2011. The relationship between the dominant patterns of Shandong summer rainfall and the patterns of China[J]. J Shandong Meteor,31(1):1-4(in Chinese).
黄荣辉,孙凤英,1994.热带西太平洋暖池的热状态及其上空的对流活动对东亚夏季气候异常的影响[J].大气科学,18(2):141-151. Huang R H, Sun F Y,1994. Impacts of the thermal state and the convective activities in the tropical western warm pool on the summer climate anomalies in East Asia[J]. Sci Atmos Sinica,18(2):141-151(in Chinese).
李君,邰庆国,韩国泳,等,2009.山东伏期旱涝特征与大气环流异常[J].气象科学,29(1):106-109. Li J,Tai Q G,IIan G Y,et al,2009. Charactercstic of rainfall in mid-summer over Shandong Province and its relationship with anomalous atmospheric circulation[J]. Sci Meteor Sinica,29(1):106-109(in Chinese).
李维京,左金清,宋艳玲,等,2015.气候变暖背景下我国南方旱涝灾害时空格局变化[J].气象,41(3):261-271. Li W J,Zuo J Q,Song Y L,et al,2015. Changes in spatio temporal distribution of drought/flood disaster in southern China under global climate warming[J]. Meteor Mon,41(3):261-271(in Chinese).
李妍,布和朝鲁,林大伟,等,2016.内蒙古夏季降水变率的优势模态及其环流特征[J].大气科学,40(4):756-776. Li Y,Bueh C L,Lin D W,et al,2016. The dominant modes of summer precipitation over Inner Mongolia and its typical circulation characteristics[J]. Chinese J Atmos Sci,40(4):756-776(in Chinese).
廉丽姝,李为华,朱平盛,2006.山东省近40年气候变化特征[J].气象科技,34(1):57-61. Lian L S,Li W H,Zhu P S,2006. Analysis of climate change in Shandong Province since 1961[J]. Meteor Sci Technol,34(1):57-61(in Chinese).
廖清海,陶诗言,王会军,2006.东亚地区夏季7~8月大气环流季节演变异常的内部动力学过程[J].地球物理学报,49(1):28-36.Liao Q H,Tao S Y,Wang II J,2006. Internal dynamics related to anomalies of seasonal evolution of summer circulations in East Asia during July-August[J]. Chinese J Geophys, 49(1):28-36(in Chinese).
刘芸芸,丁一汇,2008.印度夏季风与中国华北降水的遥相关分析及数值模拟[J].气象学报,66(5):789-799. Liu Y Y,Ding Y H,2008. Analysis and numerical simulation of the teleconnection between Indian summer monsoon and precipitation in North China[J]. Acta Meteor Sinica, 66(5):789-799(in Chinese).
吕俊梅,琚建华,张庆云,等,2006.热带西太平洋海温距平与Rossby波传播对1993和1994年东亚夏季风异常影响的差异[J].大气科学,30(5):977-987. L(u|¨)J M,Ju J H,Zhang Q Y,et al,2006.Differences of influences of tropical western Pacific SST anomaly and Rossby wave propagation on East Asian monsoon in the summers of 1993 and 1994[J]. Chinese J Atmos Sci, 30(5):977-987(in Chinese).
孟祥新,王娜,商林,2017.海温异常对山东夏季降水的影响分析[J].气象,43(10):1259-1266. Meng X X,Wang N,Shang L,2017.Influence of the early SST anomaly on the summer precipitation in Shandong Province[J]. Meteor Mon, 43(10):1259-1266(in Chinese).
邵勰,周兵,2016. 2015/2016年超强厄尔尼诺事件气候监测及诊断分析[J].气象,42(5):540-547. Shao X,Zhou B,2016. Monitoring and diagnosis of the 2015/2016 super El Nino event[J].Meteor Mon,42(5):540-547(in Chinese).
孙照渤,曹蓉,倪东鸿,2016.东北夏季降水分型及其大气环流特征[J].大气科学学报,39(1):18-27.Sun Z B,Cao R,Ni D H,2016. A classification of summer precipitation patterns over Northeast China and their atmospheric circulation characteristics[J]. Trans Atmos Sci,39(1):18-27(in Chinese).
魏凤英,2007.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术:第2版[M].北京:气象出版社:15-28,105-111. Wei F Y,2007. Statistical Diagnosis and Prediction Technology of Modern Climate:Edition 2[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press:15-28,105-111(in Chinese).
魏凤英,陈官军,李茜,2012.中国东部夏季不同雨带类型的海洋和环流特征差异[J].气象学报,70(5):1004-1020. Wei F Y,Chen G J,Li Q,2012. Differences of oceanic and atmospheric circulation features among the rainfall-band patterns in summer in eastern China[J]. Acta Meteor Sinica,70(5):1004-1020(in Chinese).
余贞寿,孙照渤,曾刚,2005.太平洋SSTA对中国东部夏季降水的影响I——观测分析[J].热带气象学报,21(5):467-477. Yu Z S,Sun Z B,Zeng G,2005. The effects of Pacific SSTA on summer precipitation over eastern China I-observational analysis[J]. J Trop Meteor,21(5):467-477(in Chinese).
袁媛,高辉,贾小龙,等,2016. 2014-2016年超强厄尔尼诺事件的气候影响[J].气象,42(5):532-539. Yuan Y,Gao H,Jia X L,et al,2016. Influences of the 2014-2016 super El Nino event on climate[J]. Meteor Mon,42(5):532-539(in Chinese).
袁媛,高辉,李维京,等,2017a. 2016年和1998年汛期降水特征及物理机制对比分析[J].气象学报,75(1):19-38. Yuan Y,Gao H,Li W J,et al,2017a. Analysis and comparison of summer precipitation features and physical mechanisms between 2016 and 1998[J]. Acta Meteor Sinica,75(1):19-38(in Chinese).
袁媛,高辉,柳艳菊,2017b. 2016年夏季我国东部降水异常特征及成因简析[J].气象,43(1):115-121. Yuan Y,Gao H,Liu Y J,2017b. Analysis of the characteristics and causes of precipitation anomalies over eastern China in the summer of 2016[J]. Meteor Mon,43(1):115-121(in Chinese).
岳如画,徐海明,2017.春季赤道印度洋纬向-垂直环流的变化特征及其与Walker环流的关系[J].大气科学,41(1):213-226. Yue R H,Xu H M, 2017. Variations of the spring equatorial Indian Ocean zonal-vertical circulation and its correlation with the Walker circulation[J]. Chinese J Atmos Sci, 41(1):213-226(in Chinese).
赵振国,1999.中国夏季旱涝及环境场[M].北京:气象出版社:1-9.Zhao Z G, 1999. Drought/Flood Disaster and the Environment Field in China during Summer[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press:1-9(in Chinese).
朱乾根,林锦瑞,寿绍文,等,2007.天气学原理和方法:第4版[M].北京:气象出版社:120-121. Zhu Q G,Lin J R,Shou S W,et al,2007. Principles and Methods of Synoptic Meteorology:Edition4[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press:120-121(in Chinese).
Ding Q H, Wang B,2005. Circumglobal teleconnection in the Northern Hemisphere summer[J]. J Climate, 18(17):3483-3505.
Ding Y H,Si D,Sun Y,et al.2014. Inter-decadal variations,causes and future projection of the Asian summer monsoon[J]. Eng Sci,12(2):22-28.
Kobayashi S,Ota Y,Haradar et al.2015. The JRA-55 reanalysis general specifications and basic characteristics[J]. Meteor Soc Japan, 93(1):5-48.
North G R,Bell T L,Cahalan R F,et al,1982. Sampling errors in the estimation of empirical orthogonal function[J]. Mon Wea Rev,110(7):699-706.
Onogi K,Tsutsui J,Koide 11,2007. The JRA-25 reanalysis[J]. J Meteor Soc Japan,85(3):369-432.
Wang B,Wu R G,Fu X 11,2000. Pacific-East Asian teleconnection:how does ENSO affect East Asian climate?[J]. J Climate, 13(9):1517-1536.
Zhang Q,Sun P,Singh V P,et al,2012. Spatial-temporal precipitation changes(1956-2000)and their implications for agriculture in China[J]. Global Planet Change:82-83,86-95.
Zhang Q,Xu C Y,Zhang Z,et al,2009. Spatial and temporal variability of precipitation over China,1951-2005[J]. Theor Appl Climatol, 95(1/2):53-68.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |