基于水质管理目标的博斯腾湖生态水位研究
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摘要
人类开发活动导致湖泊生态功能严重退化,研究湖泊生态水位对于维持湖泊生态系统健康意义重大。针对博斯腾湖化学需氧量(COD)浓度较高的水环境现状,分析博斯腾湖水位和COD浓度关系,研究提出基于水质管理目标的生态水位,以期为博斯腾湖水资源、水环境管理提供参考。结果表明,博斯腾湖水位与水体COD浓度显著负相关,但由于COD浓度空间差异较大以及影响因素不唯一,水位与COD浓度两者之间曲线估计结果不理想。为实现博斯腾湖COD浓度小于20 mg/L的水质管理目标,引入累计水位概念进行统计分析得到两个特征水位:所有COD浓度大于等于20 mg/L的数据对应水位的平均值为1046.02 m,该水位在历史丰水期水位的频率为60.83%,可作为最小生态水位;所有COD`浓度小于等于20 mg/L的数据对应水位的平均值为1046.4 m,该水位在历史丰水期水位的频率为44.70%,可作为适宜生态水位。适宜生态水位1046.4 m与已有研究成果基本相符,博斯腾湖在1046.4 m时既有利于水质管理,也可保障湖泊整体生态系统健康。
Human activities have led to serious degradation of lakes in terms of their ecological functions,making the study of the ecological water level of lakes exceedingly important. Based on the current water environment in Bosten Lake,where there is a high concentration of chemical oxygen demand(COD),a study of the ecological water level of Bosten Lake was conducted for water quality management,by analyzing the relationship between COD concentration and water level. Results showed a significant negative correlation between the water level and COD concentration. However,because of the large spatial variation in the COD concentration and multiple influencing factors,the curve estimation between COD concentration and water level was unsatisfactory. To realize water quality management objectives of Bosten Lake with a COD concentration of less than 20 mg/L,the concept of cumulative water level was introduced for statistical analysis to obtain two characteristic water levels: 1046.02 m was the average water level for all COD concentrations greater than or equal to 20 mg/L,and it can be used as the minimum ecological water level based on a 60.83% cumulative frequency in the flood season; 1046.4 m was the average water level for all COD concentrations less than or equal to 20 mg/L,and it can be used as the optimal ecological water level based on a 44. 70% cumulative frequency in the flood season. The optimal ecological water level of1046.4 m is consistent with previous studies,which means that it is conducive to both water quality management and overall ecosystem health of Bosten Lake.
Human activities have led to serious degradation of lakes in terms of their ecological functions,making the study of the ecological water level of lakes exceedingly important. Based on the current water environment in Bosten Lake,where there is a high concentration of chemical oxygen demand(COD),a study of the ecological water level of Bosten Lake was conducted for water quality management,by analyzing the relationship between COD concentration and water level. Results showed a significant negative correlation between the water level and COD concentration. However,because of the large spatial variation in the COD concentration and multiple influencing factors,the curve estimation between COD concentration and water level was unsatisfactory. To realize water quality management objectives of Bosten Lake with a COD concentration of less than 20 mg/L,the concept of cumulative water level was introduced for statistical analysis to obtain two characteristic water levels: 1046.02 m was the average water level for all COD concentrations greater than or equal to 20 mg/L,and it can be used as the minimum ecological water level based on a 60.83% cumulative frequency in the flood season; 1046.4 m was the average water level for all COD concentrations less than or equal to 20 mg/L,and it can be used as the optimal ecological water level based on a 44. 70% cumulative frequency in the flood season. The optimal ecological water level of1046.4 m is consistent with previous studies,which means that it is conducive to both water quality management and overall ecosystem health of Bosten Lake.
引文
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[21]张琍,陈晓玲,张媛,陈莉琼,张鹏.水文地貌分区下鄱阳湖丰水期水质空间差异及影响机制.中国环境科学,2014,34(10):2637-2645.
[22]盛海燕,吴志旭,刘明亮,何剑波,虞左明,韩轶才,张银龙.新安江水库近10年水质演变趋势及与水文气象因子的相关分析.环境科学学报,2015,35(1):118-127.
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[25]伊丽努尔·阿力甫江,海米提·依米提,麦麦提吐尔逊·艾则孜,玉素甫江·如素力. 1958-2012年博斯腾湖水位变化驱动力.中国沙漠,2015,35(1):240-247.
[26]陈菡,邵东国,吴俊校,王庆.广东省河道生态基流定量分析研究.南水北调与水利科技,2011,9(1):92-95.
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[29]李新虎,宋郁东,张奋东,叶茂.博斯腾湖最低生态水位计算.湖泊科学,2007,19(2):177-181.
[30]侯佳文,海米提·依米提,叶茂.博斯腾湖滨柽柳(Tamarix ramosissina)生长对湖水位的敏感性.中国沙漠,2015,35(3):667-673.
[2] Tilley D R,Badrinarayanan H,Rosati R,Son J. Constructed wetlands as recirculation filters in large-scale shrimp aquaculture. Aquacultural Engineering,2002,26(2):81-109.
[3] Ngana J O,Mwalyosi R B B,Madulu N F,Yanda P Z. Development of an integrated water resources management plan for the Lake Manyara subbasin,Northern Tanzania. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,Parts A/B/C,2003,28(20/27):1033-1038.
[4]赵翔,崔保山,杨志峰.白洋淀最低生态水位研究.生态学报,2005,25(5):1033-1040.
[5]徐志侠,陈敏建,董增川.湖泊最低生态水位计算方法.生态学报,2004,24(10):2324-2328.
[6]徐志侠,王浩,唐克旺,王研.吞吐型湖泊最小生态需水研究.资源科学,2005,27(3):140-144.
[7]淦峰,唐琳,郭怀成,高伟.湖泊生态水位计算新方法与应用.湖泊科学,2015,27(5):783-790.
[8]崔保山,赵翔,杨志峰.基于生态水文学原理的湖泊最小生态需水量计算.生态学报,2005,25(7):1788-1795.
[9]王效科,赵同谦,欧阳志云,范秀英.乌梁素海保护的生态需水量评估.生态学报,2004,24(10):2124-2129.
[10]白元,徐海量,张青青,叶茂.基于地下水恢复的塔里木河下游生态需水量估算.生态学报,2015,35(3):630-640.
[11]梁犁丽,王芳,汪党献,王浩.乌伦古湖最低生态水位及生态缺水量.水科学进展,2011,22(4):470-478.
[12]姜亮亮,焦键,程艳,王晓愚,刘江,李燕.艾里克湖流域湖泊及植被生态需水研究.干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(4):108-114.
[13]贺金,夏自强,黄峰,吴瑶,郭利丹,鄢波,张潇.基于丰平枯水年的湖泊生态水位计算.水电能源科学,2017,35(5):33-36.
[14]陈玥,管仪庆,苗建中,张丹蓉.基于长期水文变化的苏北高邮湖生态水位及保障程度.湖泊科学,2017,29(2):398-408.
[15]张华,张兰,赵传燕.极端干旱区尾闾湖生态需水估算——以东居延海为例.生态学报,2014,34(8):2102-2108.
[16]谢贵娟,张建平,汤祥明,蔡永萍,高光.博斯腾湖水质现状(2010-2011年)及近50年来演变趋势.湖泊科学,2011,23(6):837-846.
[17]宋杰红.博斯腾湖风生流平面二维数值模拟[D].西安:西安理工大学,2005.
[18]黄群芳,张运林,陈伟民,董雅文.天目湖水文特征变化及其对上游湿地和湖泊生态环境的影响.湿地科学,2007,5(1):51-57.
[19]杨兵,何丙辉,王德宝.三峡前置库汉丰湖试运行年水文水质变化特征.环境科学,2017,38(4):1366-1375.
[20]梁培瑜,王烜,马芳冰.水动力条件对水体富营养化的影响.湖泊科学,2013,25(4):455-462.
[21]张琍,陈晓玲,张媛,陈莉琼,张鹏.水文地貌分区下鄱阳湖丰水期水质空间差异及影响机制.中国环境科学,2014,34(10):2637-2645.
[22]盛海燕,吴志旭,刘明亮,何剑波,虞左明,韩轶才,张银龙.新安江水库近10年水质演变趋势及与水文气象因子的相关分析.环境科学学报,2015,35(1):118-127.
[23]吴敬禄,马龙,曾海鳌.新疆博斯腾湖水质水量及其演化特征分析.地理科学,2013,33(2):231-237.
[24]周孝德,郭梦京,陈勇民,程圣东.博斯腾湖生态系统健康状态与水位关系研究.西安理工大学学报,2014,30(4):386-391.
[25]伊丽努尔·阿力甫江,海米提·依米提,麦麦提吐尔逊·艾则孜,玉素甫江·如素力. 1958-2012年博斯腾湖水位变化驱动力.中国沙漠,2015,35(1):240-247.
[26]陈菡,邵东国,吴俊校,王庆.广东省河道生态基流定量分析研究.南水北调与水利科技,2011,9(1):92-95.
[27]胡德胜,左其亭.澳大利亚河湖生态用水量的确定及其启示.中国水利,2015,(17):61-64.
[28]夏军,左其亭,邵民诚.博斯腾湖水资源可持续利用——理论·方法·实践.北京:科学出版社,2003:292-326.
[29]李新虎,宋郁东,张奋东,叶茂.博斯腾湖最低生态水位计算.湖泊科学,2007,19(2):177-181.
[30]侯佳文,海米提·依米提,叶茂.博斯腾湖滨柽柳(Tamarix ramosissina)生长对湖水位的敏感性.中国沙漠,2015,35(3):667-673.
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