神农架天然针阔混交林的物种组成和群落结构
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摘要
天然针阔混交林是神农架山地的垂直地带性植被,具有重要的生态和经济功能。为深入了解天然针阔混交林群落的结构和动态、物种多样性维持机制,在湖北省神农架国家级自然保护区内建立了1 hm2的森林动态监测样地,分析了其物种组成、径级结构和主要优势种的空间分布特征。结果表明:样地内记录到存活个体5321株,隶属于14科26属44种,其中针叶树种相对单一,只有巴山冷杉(Abies fargesii)和华山松(Pinus armandii);巴山冷杉、华中山楂(Crataegus wilsonii)和山杨(Populus davidiana)的重要值之和为50.28%,其他阔叶树种的重要值之和为46.06%;群落的径级结构近似倒"J"型,幼树储备丰富,重要值排名前3的优势种中巴山冷杉和华中山楂的径级结构均近似倒"J"型,更新良好,但山杨的径级结构近正态分布,更新不良,种群有衰退的趋势;巴山冷杉、华中山楂和山杨表现出明显的生境偏好,随着尺度的增加,华中山楂和山杨均为聚集分布,而巴山冷杉则依次呈现聚集分布、随机分布和均匀分布;神农架针阔混交林阔叶树种丰富度远比针叶树种高,但从重要值排名前3的优势种来看,针、阔叶树种重要值基本相当,群落结构总体稳定。
The natural needle-and broad-leaved mixed forest is a vertical zonal vegetation in the Shennongjia Mountains,with important ecological and economic values. To gain insights into the structure,dynamics,and the maintenance of species diversity of the natural mixed needle-and broad-leaf forest community,a 1-hm2 forest plot was established in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve,Hubei Province. The species composition,size-class structure of diameter at breast height( DBH),and spatial distribution of dominant species were analyzed. A total of 5321 living individuals were recorded in the plot,belonging to 44 species,26 genera,and 14 families. There were very few conifer species,with only Abies fargesii and Pinus armandii present in the plot. The total importance values of Abies fargesii,Crataegus wilsonii and Populus davidiana was 50.28%,and that of other broad-leaved species was 46.06%. The DBH class structure showed a reversed"J"shape with abundant saplings in the understory. Among the top three dominant species with respect to importance value,both Abies fargesii and Crataegus wilsonii had a DBH class structure of reversed "J"shape,indicating their regeneration status were good. On the contrary,the sizeclass structure of DBH of Populus davidiana was close to the normal distribution,the saplings were scarce,and the population had a tendency to decline. Abies fargesii,Crataegus wilsonii and Populus davidiana showed obvious habitat preference. With the increases of sampling scale size,Crataegus wilsonii and Populus davidiana did not change their aggregated distribution,while the spatial distribution of Abies fargesii changed from a clustered,via a random,to a uniform distribution. The species richness of broad-leaved trees was higher than that of coniferous trees in the mixed needle-and broad-leaved forest in Shennongjia. However,if only the top three dominant species on the importance value sorting list were considered,the importance values of needle-and broad-leaved species were similar and the community structure was stable.
The natural needle-and broad-leaved mixed forest is a vertical zonal vegetation in the Shennongjia Mountains,with important ecological and economic values. To gain insights into the structure,dynamics,and the maintenance of species diversity of the natural mixed needle-and broad-leaf forest community,a 1-hm2 forest plot was established in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve,Hubei Province. The species composition,size-class structure of diameter at breast height( DBH),and spatial distribution of dominant species were analyzed. A total of 5321 living individuals were recorded in the plot,belonging to 44 species,26 genera,and 14 families. There were very few conifer species,with only Abies fargesii and Pinus armandii present in the plot. The total importance values of Abies fargesii,Crataegus wilsonii and Populus davidiana was 50.28%,and that of other broad-leaved species was 46.06%. The DBH class structure showed a reversed"J"shape with abundant saplings in the understory. Among the top three dominant species with respect to importance value,both Abies fargesii and Crataegus wilsonii had a DBH class structure of reversed "J"shape,indicating their regeneration status were good. On the contrary,the sizeclass structure of DBH of Populus davidiana was close to the normal distribution,the saplings were scarce,and the population had a tendency to decline. Abies fargesii,Crataegus wilsonii and Populus davidiana showed obvious habitat preference. With the increases of sampling scale size,Crataegus wilsonii and Populus davidiana did not change their aggregated distribution,while the spatial distribution of Abies fargesii changed from a clustered,via a random,to a uniform distribution. The species richness of broad-leaved trees was higher than that of coniferous trees in the mixed needle-and broad-leaved forest in Shennongjia. However,if only the top three dominant species on the importance value sorting list were considered,the importance values of needle-and broad-leaved species were similar and the community structure was stable.
引文
崔鸿侠,潘磊,黄志霖,等.2017.神农架巴山冷杉林凋落物量养分归还及分解特征.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,41(1):194-198.
耿金川,金铁娟.2015.山楂新品种新技术.河北:河北科学技术出版社.
郝占庆,李步杭,张健,等.2008.长白山阔叶红松林样地(CBS):群落组成与结构.植物生态学报,32(2):238-250.
侯红亚,王立海.2013.小兴安岭阔叶红松林物种组成及主要种群的空间分布格局.应用生态学报,24(11):3043-3049.
菊花,申国珍,徐文婷,等.2016.神农架主要森林土壤CH4、CO2和N2O排放对降水减少的响应.生态学报,36(20):6397-6408.
李肇晨,陈永富,洪小江,等.2015.海南霸王岭陆均松种群年龄结构与点格局分布特征.生态学杂志,34(6):1507-1515.
刘保双,付登高,吴晓妮,等.2013.滇中次生常绿阔叶林优势树种的空间格局.生态学杂志,32(3):551-557.
刘蕾,申国珍,陈芳清,等.2012.神农架海拔梯度上4种典型森林凋落物现存量及其养分循环动态.生态学报,32(7):2142-2149.
马明哲,申国珍,熊高明,等.2017.神农架自然遗产地植被垂直带谱的特点和代表性.植物生态学报,41(11):1127-1139.
史军辉,黄忠良,周小勇,等.2006.鼎湖山针阔混交林木本植物种群的空间分布特征.南京林业大学学报,30(5):34-38.
宋于洋,李园园,张文辉.2010.基于Ripley的K(r)函数和分形维数的梭梭种群空间格局.应用生态学报,21(4):827-835.
孙鸿烈.2000.中国资源科学百科全书.北京:中国大百科全书出版社.
孙越,夏富才,赵秀海,等.2017.张广才岭温带次生针阔混交林物种组成和群落结构特征.生态学报,37(10):3425-3436.
谈多多,李卫忠,王庆,等.2015.黄龙山林区松栎混交林主要树种空间分布格局及其关联性.西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,43(6):113-120.
田慧霞,李钧敏,毕润成,等.2017.山西太岳山白桦种群结构和空间分布格局.生态学杂志,36(1):1-10.
王燕,毕润成,许强,等.2017.山西太岳山南部针阔混交林群落特征及空间分布格局.广西植物,37(7):901-911.
王周平,李旭光,石胜友,等.2001.重庆缙云山针阔混交林林隙树木更替规律研究.植物生态学报,25(4):399-404.
魏彦波,夏富才,白晓霞,等.2015.吉林蛟河针阔混交林物种组成与结构.中国农学通报,31(22):13-20.
吴初平,袁位高,盛卫星,等.2018.浙江省典型天然次生林主要树种空间分布格局及其关联性.生态学报,38(2):537-549.
姚良锦,姚兰,易咏梅,等.2017.湖北七姊妹山亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林的物种组成和群落结构.生物多样性,25(3):275-284.
叶万辉,曹洪麟,黄忠良,等.2008.鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林20公顷样地群落特征研究.植物生态学报,32(2):274-286.
张春雨,赵秀海,赵亚洲.2009.长白山温带森林不同演替阶段群落结构特征.植物生态学报,33(6):1090-1100.
张新时.2007.中国植被及其地理格局---中华人民共和国植被图(1:1000000)说明书.北京:地质出版社.
赵松岭,李自珍.1981.山杨林自疏现象的负反馈机制探讨.兰州大学学报,18(2):115-120.
仲磊,张杨家豪,卢品,等.2015.次生常绿阔叶林的群落结构与物种组成:基于浙江乌岩岭9 ha森林动态样地.生物多样性,23(5):619-629.
周宁.2013.论针阔混交林的优势.科技创新与应用,47(7):257-257.
祝燕,白帆,刘海丰,等.2011.北京暖温带次生林种群分布格局与种间空间关联性.生物多样性,19(2):252-259.
Bamière L,David M,Vermont B.2013.Agri-environmental policies for biodiversity when the spatial pattern of the reserve matters.Ecological Economics,85:97-104.
Fardusi MJ,Castaldi C,Chianucci F,et al.2018.A spatiotemporal dataset of forest mensuration for the analysis of tree species structure and diversity in semi-natural mixed floodplain forests.Annals of Forest Science,75:11-15.
Gavrikov V,Stoyan D.1995.The use of marked point processes in ecological and environmental forest studies.Environmental and Ecological Statistics,2:331-344.
Lai J,Mi X,Ren H,et al.2009.Species-habitat associations change in a subtropical forest of China.Journal of Vegetation Science,20:415-423.
Lin YC,Chang LW,Yang KC,et al.2011.Point patterns of tree distribution determined by habitat heterogeneity and dispersal limitation.Oecologia,165:175-184.
Ripley BD.1977.Modeling spatial patterns.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B,39:172-212.
Shields MJ,Jenkins AM,Saunders RM,et al.2014.Age distribution and spatial patterning of an invasive shrub in secondary hardwood forests.Forest Science,60:830-840.
SouléME.1986.Conservation Biology:The Science of Scarcity and Diversity.Sunderland:Sinauer Associates.
Tang CQ,Ohsawa M.2002.Coexistence mechanisms of evergreen,deciduous and coniferous trees in a mid-montane mixed forest on Mt.Emei,Sichuan,China.Plant Ecology,161:215-230.
Xiang W,Liu S,Lei X,et al.2013.Secondary forest floristic composition,structure,and spatial pattern in subtropical China.Journal of Forest Research,18:111-120.
Zhao B,Guo D,Shao H,et al.2017.Investigating the population structure and spatial pattern of restored forests in an opencast coal mine,China.Environmental Earth Sciences,76:679-692.
耿金川,金铁娟.2015.山楂新品种新技术.河北:河北科学技术出版社.
郝占庆,李步杭,张健,等.2008.长白山阔叶红松林样地(CBS):群落组成与结构.植物生态学报,32(2):238-250.
侯红亚,王立海.2013.小兴安岭阔叶红松林物种组成及主要种群的空间分布格局.应用生态学报,24(11):3043-3049.
菊花,申国珍,徐文婷,等.2016.神农架主要森林土壤CH4、CO2和N2O排放对降水减少的响应.生态学报,36(20):6397-6408.
李肇晨,陈永富,洪小江,等.2015.海南霸王岭陆均松种群年龄结构与点格局分布特征.生态学杂志,34(6):1507-1515.
刘保双,付登高,吴晓妮,等.2013.滇中次生常绿阔叶林优势树种的空间格局.生态学杂志,32(3):551-557.
刘蕾,申国珍,陈芳清,等.2012.神农架海拔梯度上4种典型森林凋落物现存量及其养分循环动态.生态学报,32(7):2142-2149.
马明哲,申国珍,熊高明,等.2017.神农架自然遗产地植被垂直带谱的特点和代表性.植物生态学报,41(11):1127-1139.
史军辉,黄忠良,周小勇,等.2006.鼎湖山针阔混交林木本植物种群的空间分布特征.南京林业大学学报,30(5):34-38.
宋于洋,李园园,张文辉.2010.基于Ripley的K(r)函数和分形维数的梭梭种群空间格局.应用生态学报,21(4):827-835.
孙鸿烈.2000.中国资源科学百科全书.北京:中国大百科全书出版社.
孙越,夏富才,赵秀海,等.2017.张广才岭温带次生针阔混交林物种组成和群落结构特征.生态学报,37(10):3425-3436.
谈多多,李卫忠,王庆,等.2015.黄龙山林区松栎混交林主要树种空间分布格局及其关联性.西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,43(6):113-120.
田慧霞,李钧敏,毕润成,等.2017.山西太岳山白桦种群结构和空间分布格局.生态学杂志,36(1):1-10.
王燕,毕润成,许强,等.2017.山西太岳山南部针阔混交林群落特征及空间分布格局.广西植物,37(7):901-911.
王周平,李旭光,石胜友,等.2001.重庆缙云山针阔混交林林隙树木更替规律研究.植物生态学报,25(4):399-404.
魏彦波,夏富才,白晓霞,等.2015.吉林蛟河针阔混交林物种组成与结构.中国农学通报,31(22):13-20.
吴初平,袁位高,盛卫星,等.2018.浙江省典型天然次生林主要树种空间分布格局及其关联性.生态学报,38(2):537-549.
姚良锦,姚兰,易咏梅,等.2017.湖北七姊妹山亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林的物种组成和群落结构.生物多样性,25(3):275-284.
叶万辉,曹洪麟,黄忠良,等.2008.鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林20公顷样地群落特征研究.植物生态学报,32(2):274-286.
张春雨,赵秀海,赵亚洲.2009.长白山温带森林不同演替阶段群落结构特征.植物生态学报,33(6):1090-1100.
张新时.2007.中国植被及其地理格局---中华人民共和国植被图(1:1000000)说明书.北京:地质出版社.
赵松岭,李自珍.1981.山杨林自疏现象的负反馈机制探讨.兰州大学学报,18(2):115-120.
仲磊,张杨家豪,卢品,等.2015.次生常绿阔叶林的群落结构与物种组成:基于浙江乌岩岭9 ha森林动态样地.生物多样性,23(5):619-629.
周宁.2013.论针阔混交林的优势.科技创新与应用,47(7):257-257.
祝燕,白帆,刘海丰,等.2011.北京暖温带次生林种群分布格局与种间空间关联性.生物多样性,19(2):252-259.
Bamière L,David M,Vermont B.2013.Agri-environmental policies for biodiversity when the spatial pattern of the reserve matters.Ecological Economics,85:97-104.
Fardusi MJ,Castaldi C,Chianucci F,et al.2018.A spatiotemporal dataset of forest mensuration for the analysis of tree species structure and diversity in semi-natural mixed floodplain forests.Annals of Forest Science,75:11-15.
Gavrikov V,Stoyan D.1995.The use of marked point processes in ecological and environmental forest studies.Environmental and Ecological Statistics,2:331-344.
Lai J,Mi X,Ren H,et al.2009.Species-habitat associations change in a subtropical forest of China.Journal of Vegetation Science,20:415-423.
Lin YC,Chang LW,Yang KC,et al.2011.Point patterns of tree distribution determined by habitat heterogeneity and dispersal limitation.Oecologia,165:175-184.
Ripley BD.1977.Modeling spatial patterns.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B,39:172-212.
Shields MJ,Jenkins AM,Saunders RM,et al.2014.Age distribution and spatial patterning of an invasive shrub in secondary hardwood forests.Forest Science,60:830-840.
SouléME.1986.Conservation Biology:The Science of Scarcity and Diversity.Sunderland:Sinauer Associates.
Tang CQ,Ohsawa M.2002.Coexistence mechanisms of evergreen,deciduous and coniferous trees in a mid-montane mixed forest on Mt.Emei,Sichuan,China.Plant Ecology,161:215-230.
Xiang W,Liu S,Lei X,et al.2013.Secondary forest floristic composition,structure,and spatial pattern in subtropical China.Journal of Forest Research,18:111-120.
Zhao B,Guo D,Shao H,et al.2017.Investigating the population structure and spatial pattern of restored forests in an opencast coal mine,China.Environmental Earth Sciences,76:679-692.
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