不同种类盐胁迫对高梁幼苗生长及叶片光合机构功能的影响
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摘要
为明确不同种类盐胁迫对高粱植株生长及叶片光合机构功能的影响,以高粱品种"龙杂17"为试验材料,利用溶液培养、人工模拟盐胁迫的方法,研究了不同Na+浓度下2种中性盐(NaCl和Na2SO4)及2种碱性盐(NaHCO3和Na_2CO_3)胁迫对高粱幼苗生长及PSⅡ和PSⅠ功能的影响。结果表明:不同浓度的4种盐胁迫均抑制了高粱幼苗的生长,2种碱性盐胁迫下的抑制程度明显大于2种中性盐,特别是碱性盐Na_2CO_3的抑制作用更显著,中性盐NaCl对高粱幼苗生长的影响最小; 4种盐胁迫下均抑制了高粱幼苗叶片的PSⅡ活性,PSⅠ最大氧化还原能力△I/Io降低; PSⅡ活性的降低主要表现为PSⅡ电子供体侧OEC的活性降低及PSⅡ电子受体侧电子由QA向QB的传递过程受阻,特别是PSⅡ电子供体侧对盐胁迫的敏感程度明显大于受体侧; 4种盐胁迫下高粱幼苗PSⅡ反应中心对光能的捕获及利用能力降低,单位面积有活性反应中心的数量和吸收光能用于电子传递的能量比例均有不同程度的下降,PSⅡ反应中心吸收光能多以热能形式进行耗散; 4种盐对高粱生长及光合机构功能的影响顺序为Na_2CO_3>NaHCO_3>Na_2SO_4>NaCl。在盐碱地进行高粱种植和推广时,除了要考虑盐害的影响外,还应该考虑总碱度和碱化度等因素的影响。
To clarify the effects of different salt stress conditions on the growth and function of photosynthetic apparatus in Sorghum bicolor seedlings,we evaluated the influences of different Na+concentrations of two neutral salts( NaCl and Na2SO4) and two alkaline salts( NaHCO3 and Na_2CO_3) on the seedling growth and functions of photosystem Ⅰ( PSⅠ) and photosystem Ⅱ( PSⅡ) in sorghum variety"Longza No. 17"using hydroponics and simulated salt stress method.The results showed that all the four salt stresses at different concentrations inhibited the growth of sorghum seedlings. The inhibitory effect of the two alkaline salts,especially Na_2CO_3,was significantly stronger than that of both neutral salts. The neutral salt NaCl had the lowest effect on the growth of sorghum seedlings. The PSⅡ activity in the leaves of sorghum seedlings was inhibited and the maximum PSⅠ redox potential( △I/Io) decreased under all salt stress conditions. The decrease in PSⅡ activity was mainly reflected by the reduction in the activity of oxygen-evolving complex( OEC) on the donor side of PSⅡ and the blockage of electron transfer from QAto QBon the receptor side of PSⅡ. Especially,the donor side was more sensitive to salt stress than the receptor side of PSⅡ. In addition,under the four salt stress conditions,the ability of PSⅡ reaction center to harvest and utilize light was reduced,as well as the concentration of reaction centers( expressed as per unit leaf area) and the ratio of excitation energy to absorb energy. The absorbed light energy of PSⅡ reaction center was mainly dissipated in the form of heat energy.The effects of the four salt stress conditions on the growth and function of photosynthetic apparatus were in order as follows: Na_2CO_3>NaHCO3>Na2SO4>NaCl. Therefore,in addition to salt damage,the influence of total alkalinity and the degree of alkalization should be considered while planting sorghum in saline and alkali soils.
To clarify the effects of different salt stress conditions on the growth and function of photosynthetic apparatus in Sorghum bicolor seedlings,we evaluated the influences of different Na+concentrations of two neutral salts( NaCl and Na2SO4) and two alkaline salts( NaHCO3 and Na_2CO_3) on the seedling growth and functions of photosystem Ⅰ( PSⅠ) and photosystem Ⅱ( PSⅡ) in sorghum variety"Longza No. 17"using hydroponics and simulated salt stress method.The results showed that all the four salt stresses at different concentrations inhibited the growth of sorghum seedlings. The inhibitory effect of the two alkaline salts,especially Na_2CO_3,was significantly stronger than that of both neutral salts. The neutral salt NaCl had the lowest effect on the growth of sorghum seedlings. The PSⅡ activity in the leaves of sorghum seedlings was inhibited and the maximum PSⅠ redox potential( △I/Io) decreased under all salt stress conditions. The decrease in PSⅡ activity was mainly reflected by the reduction in the activity of oxygen-evolving complex( OEC) on the donor side of PSⅡ and the blockage of electron transfer from QAto QBon the receptor side of PSⅡ. Especially,the donor side was more sensitive to salt stress than the receptor side of PSⅡ. In addition,under the four salt stress conditions,the ability of PSⅡ reaction center to harvest and utilize light was reduced,as well as the concentration of reaction centers( expressed as per unit leaf area) and the ratio of excitation energy to absorb energy. The absorbed light energy of PSⅡ reaction center was mainly dissipated in the form of heat energy.The effects of the four salt stress conditions on the growth and function of photosynthetic apparatus were in order as follows: Na_2CO_3>NaHCO3>Na2SO4>NaCl. Therefore,in addition to salt damage,the influence of total alkalinity and the degree of alkalization should be considered while planting sorghum in saline and alkali soils.
引文
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许楠,龙静泓,张文石,等.2018.淹水胁迫对乡土风箱果和引种紫叶风箱果光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响.生态学杂志,37(6):1880-1888
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郑宾,赵伟,徐铮,等.2017.不同耕作方式与氮肥类型对夏玉米光合性能的影响.作物学报,43(6):925-934.
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Moloi SJ,Shargie N,Ngara R.2017.A comparative physiological analysis of two Sorghum bicolor varieties under salt stress.South African Journal of Botany,109:353.
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Swapnil P,Rai AK.2018.Physiological responses to salt stress of salt-adapted and directly salt(Na Cl and Na Cl+Na2SO4mixture)-stressed cyanobacterium Anabaena fertilissima.Protoplasma,255:963-976.
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葛江丽,石雷,谷卫彬,等.2007.盐胁迫条件下甜高粱幼苗的光合特性及光系统Ⅱ功能调节.作物学报,33(8):1272-1278.
金立桥,车兴凯,张子山,等.2015.高温、强光下黄瓜叶片PSII供体侧和受体侧的伤害程度与快速荧光参数Wk变化的关系.植物生理学报,51(6):969-976.
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许楠,龙静泓,张文石,等.2018.淹水胁迫对乡土风箱果和引种紫叶风箱果光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响.生态学杂志,37(6):1880-1888
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张会慧,张秀丽,许楠,等.2011.外源钙对干旱胁迫下烤烟幼苗光系统II功能的影响.应用生态学报,22(5):1195-1200
张会慧,张秀丽,李鑫,等.2012.Na Cl和Na2CO3胁迫对桑树幼苗生长和光合特性的影响.应用生态学报,23(3):625-631
张会慧,张秀丽,胡彦波,等.2013.中碱钠盐胁迫对桑树幼苗生长及光合特性的影响.南京林业大学学报,37(1):217-222
张子山,张立涛,高辉远,等.2009.不同光强与低温交叉胁迫下黄瓜PSⅠ与PSⅡ的光抑制研究.中国农业科学,42(12):4288-4293.
赵海燕,王建设,刘林强,等.2017.海岛棉苗期盐胁迫下形态学和生理学指标变化.中国农业科学,50(18):3494-3505.
郑宾,赵伟,徐铮,等.2017.不同耕作方式与氮肥类型对夏玉米光合性能的影响.作物学报,43(6):925-934.
Akita S,Cabusla GS.2000.Physiological basis of differential response to salinity in rice cultivars.Plant and Soil,123:277-294.
Al-Taweel K,Iwaki T,Yabuta Y,et al.2007.A bacterial transgene for catalase protects translation of D1protein during exposure of salt-stressed tobacco leaves to strong light.Plant Physiology,145:258-265.
Appenroth KJ,St9ckel J,Srivastava A,et al.2001.Multiple effect of chromate on the photosynthetic apparatus of Spirorlela polyrhiza probed by OJIP chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements.Environmental Pollution,115:49-64.
Chen S,Dai X,Qiang S,et al.2005.Effect of a nonhost-selective toxin from Alternaria alternata on chloroplast-electron transfer activity in Eupatorium adenophorum.Plant Pathology,54:671-677.
Chen J,Zhang H,Zhang X,et al.2017.Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis alleviates salt stress in black locust through improved photosynthesis,water status,and K+/Na+homeostasis.Frontiers in Plant Science,8:1739.
Chen S,Li J,Wang S,et al.2003.Effects of Na Cl on shoot growth,transpiration,ion compartmentation,and transport in regenerated plants of Populus euphratica and Populus tomentosa.Canadian Journal of Forest Research,33:967-975.
Essemine J,Govindachary S,Ammar S,et al.2012.Enhanced sensitivity of the photosynthetic apparatus to heat stress in digalactosyl-diacylglycerol deficient Arabidopsis.Environmental&Experimental Botany,80:16-26.
Guo R,Yang Z,Li F,et al.2015.Comparative metabolic responses and adaptive strategies of wheat(Triticum aestivum)to salt and alkali stress.BMC Plant Biology,15:170.
Jin CW,Sun YL,Cho DH.2017.Changes in photosynthetic rate,water potential,and proline content in kenaf seedlings under salt stress.Canadian Journal of Plant Science,92:311-319.
Jin LQ,Che XK,Zhang ZS,et al.2017.The mechanisms by which phenanthrene affects the photosynthetic apparatus of cucumber leaves.Chemosphere,168:1498-1505.
Kim S,Rayburn AL,Voigt T,et al.2012.Salinity effects on germination and plant growth of prairie cordgrass and switchgrass.Bioenergy Research,5:225-235.
Li R,Shi F,Fukuda K.2010.Interactive effects of various salt and alkali stresses on growth,organic solutes,and cation accumulation in a halophyte Spartina alterniflora(Poaceae).Environmental&Experimental Botany,68:66-74.
Lin J,Wang Y,Sun S,et al.2017.Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth,photosynthesis and photosynthetic pigments of Leymus chinensis seedlings under salt-alkali stress and nitrogen deposition.Science of the Total Environment,576:234-241.
Ma N,Hu C,Wan L,et al.2017.Strigolactones improve plant growth,photosynthesis,and alleviate oxidative stress under salinity in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)by regulating gene expression.Frontiers in Plant Science,8:1671.
Misra AN,Srivastava A,Strasser RJ.2001.Utilization of fast chlorophyll a,fluorescence technique in assessing the salt/ion sensitivity of mung bean and Brassica seedlings.Journal of Plant Physiology,158:1173-1181.
Mitsuya S,Takeoka Y,Miyake H.2000.Effects of sodium chloride on foliar ultrastructure of sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas Lam.)plantlets grown under light and dark conditions in vitro.Journal of Plant Physiology,157:661-667.
Moloi SJ,Shargie N,Ngara R.2017.A comparative physiological analysis of two Sorghum bicolor varieties under salt stress.South African Journal of Botany,109:353.
Munns R,James RA.2006.Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals.Journal of Experimental Botany,57:1025-1043.
Ort DR,Melis A.2011.Optimizing antenna size to maximize photosynthetic efficiency.Plant Physiology,155:79-85.
Ort DR,Merchant SS,Alric J,et al.2015.Redesigning photosynthesis to sustainably meet global food and bioenergy demand.Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America,112:8529-8536.
Oukarroum A,Goltsev V,Strasser RJ.2013.Temperature effects on pea plants probed by simultaneous measurements of the kinetics of prompt fluorescence,delayed fluorescence and modulated 820 nm reflection.PLo S One,8:e59433.
Parida AK,Das AB.2005.Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants:A review.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,60:324-349.
Paterson AH,Bowers JE,Bruggmann R,et al.2009.The Sorghum bicolor genome and the diversification of grasses.Nature,457:551-556.
Sharkey TD,Badger MR.1982.Effects of water stress on photosynthetic electron transport,photophosphorylation,and metabolite levels of Xanthium strumarium mesophyll cells.Planta,156:199-206.
Song T,Xu H,Sun N,et al.2017.Metabolomic analysis of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)root-symbiotic rhizobia responses under alkali stress.Frontiers in Plant Science,8:1208.
Strasser RJ,Srivastava A,Govindjee.1995.Polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence transient in plants and cyanobacteria.Photochemistry and Photobiology,61:32-42.
Swapnil P,Rai AK.2018.Physiological responses to salt stress of salt-adapted and directly salt(Na Cl and Na Cl+Na2SO4mixture)-stressed cyanobacterium Anabaena fertilissima.Protoplasma,255:963-976.
Tóth SZ,Schansker G,Kissimon J,et al.2005.Biophysical studies of photosystem II-related recovery processes after a heat pulse in barley seedlings(Hordeum vulgare L.).Journal of Plant Physiology,162:181-194.
Venkatesh J,Upadhyaya CP,Yu JW,et al.2012.Chlorophyll a fluorescence transient analysis of transgenic potato overexpressing D-galacturonic acid reductase gene for salinity stress tolerance.Horticulture,Environment,and Biotechnology,53:320-328.
Wang BS,Luttg U,Ratajczak R.2001.Effects of salt treatment and osmotic stress on V-ATPase and V-Pase in leaves of the halophyte Suaeda salsa.Journal of Experimental Botany,52:2355-2365.
Wang G,Bi A,Amombo E,et al.2017.Exogenous calcium enhances the photosystem II photochemistry response in salt stressed tall fescue.Frontiers in Plant Science,8:2032.
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