沋河水体重金属含量分析与健康风险评价
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摘要
沋河是渭河的重要支流,是渭南市区居民的主要饮用水源地。围绕其沿线水体中的重金属污染现状进行分析评价,在渭南城区饮用水源地保护与居民生活用水安全方面具有重要现实意义。文中在沋河沿线选取了27个采样点,于2016年5月和9月集中采集上覆水样品,测定水样中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Mn、Cr~(6+)、Hg、As等8种重金属(类金属)含量,并运用美国环保署推荐的健康风险评价模型对沋河湿地重金属污染物通过饮水途径进入成人人体产生的危害进行了风险评价。结果表明:沋河沿线重金属含量均未超标,水质良好,符合饮用水标准,由Cd、Cr~(6+)、As等致癌物通过饮水途径产生的个人年风险中Cr~(6+)最大。Cu、Zn、Pb、Mn、Hg等非致癌有毒化学物质产生的个人年风险中Pb最大。部分采样点综合健康风险值大于国际辐射防护委员会推荐的最大可接受风险水平。
Youhe River,an important tributary of Weihe River,is the main source of drinking water for urban residents in Weinan City. Studies on the heavy metal content of Youhe River and scientific evaluation of polluted river wetland are of great practical significance to ensure the safety of household water use. In this research,27 sampling sections have been set up in the sampling area of Yuhe River. The overlying water samples were collected in May and September 2016,respectively. Eight heavy metals were selected as the evaluation index.Based on the health risk assessment model recommended by EPA,the hazard of heavy metal pollutants entering human body through drinking water was evaluated. The results showed that there exists a quite low content of heavy metals in Youhe River,which meets the national health standards for drinking water and environmental quality( class I standard) of surface water. The individual annual risk caused by the carcinogen( Cd,Cr~(6+),and As) through drinking water was the highest in Cr~(6+). The personal annual risk of health hazard caused by the non-carcinogenic toxic chemical( Cu,Zn,Pb,Mn,and Hg) is the largest in Pb. The comprehensive health risk of some sampling sites was greater than the maximum acceptable risk level recommended by the ICRP.
Youhe River,an important tributary of Weihe River,is the main source of drinking water for urban residents in Weinan City. Studies on the heavy metal content of Youhe River and scientific evaluation of polluted river wetland are of great practical significance to ensure the safety of household water use. In this research,27 sampling sections have been set up in the sampling area of Yuhe River. The overlying water samples were collected in May and September 2016,respectively. Eight heavy metals were selected as the evaluation index.Based on the health risk assessment model recommended by EPA,the hazard of heavy metal pollutants entering human body through drinking water was evaluated. The results showed that there exists a quite low content of heavy metals in Youhe River,which meets the national health standards for drinking water and environmental quality( class I standard) of surface water. The individual annual risk caused by the carcinogen( Cd,Cr~(6+),and As) through drinking water was the highest in Cr~(6+). The personal annual risk of health hazard caused by the non-carcinogenic toxic chemical( Cu,Zn,Pb,Mn,and Hg) is the largest in Pb. The comprehensive health risk of some sampling sites was greater than the maximum acceptable risk level recommended by the ICRP.
引文
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[2]吴俊伟.基于云模型的水体重金属污染评价模型与实例研究[D].福州大学,2014.
[3]岳霞,刘魁,林夏露,等.中国七大主要水系重金属污染现况[J].预防医学论坛,2014,20(3):209-213.
[4]刘博.城镇地下水水源地安全评价方法及应用[D].吉林大学,2015.
[5]韩艳红,裴国霞,张岩,等.黄河内蒙古段水体中POPs健康风险评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(3):126-131.
[6]杨学福,关建玲,段晋明,等.渭河西安段水体重金属污染现状及其健康风险评价[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(2):152-162.
[7]程鹏,李叙勇.洋河流域不同时空水体重金属污染及健康风险评价[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(8):4513-4519.
[8]郭娜,董杰,鲁长娟,等.东昌湖水质现状及健康风险评价[J].海洋湖沼通报,2017(2):53-57.
[9]张菊,鲁长娟,郭娜,等.南四湖支流东鱼河水质现状及健康风险评价[J].水电能源科学,2017,35(8):56-59.
[10]李鸣,刘琪璟,周文斌.鄱阳湖流域水体重金属污染物健康风险评价[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(32):18278-18280,18332.
[11]王新科,李欢,刘轩,等.西安市黑河水质健康风险评价[J].地下水,2014,36(2):60-63.
[12]倪彬,王洪波,李旭东,等.湖泊饮用水源地水环境健康风险评价[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(1):74-79.
[13]张清华,韦永著,曹建华,等.柳江流域饮用水源地重金属污染与健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2018(4):1-14.
[14]王秋娟,张官丽.荣昌县镇街饮用水源地主要污染物健康风险评价[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(23):80-83.
[15]杨显双,龙明梅,罗克菊,等.重庆市北碚区乡镇集中式饮用水源地中重金属健康风险评价[J].环境与可持续发展,2018,43(1):132-134.
[16]张光贵,张屹.洞庭湖区城市饮用水源地水环境健康风险评价[J].环境化学,2017,36(8):1812-1820.
[17]郑德凤,赵锋霞,孙才志,等.考虑参数不确定性的地下饮用水源地水质健康风险评价[J].地理科学,2015,35(8):1007-1013.
[18]封丽,张君,封雷,等.三峡库区主要城镇饮用水源地水质健康风险评价[J].环境污染与防治,2016,38(2):44-49.
[19]郑江,王灵,刘宁,等.乌鲁木齐地表水饮用水源地水体有机氯农药健康风险评价[J].环境监测管理与技术,2010(5):26-30.
[20]陈峰,唐访良,徐建芬,等.水质异味期间钱塘江杭州段表层水体中挥发性和半挥发性有机物污染特征及健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2018,39(2):648-654.
[21]程柳,毛宇翔,王梅,等.小浪底水库水体中重金属含量的测定和健康风险评价[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(1):319-324.
[22]申娅,王爱雯,杨建波,等.重庆秀山县城市饮用水水质特征及健康风险评价[J].环境影响评价,2017,39(5):53-57.
[23]邓春拓,何伦发,郭艳,等.珠三角某市生活饮用水中化学污染物健康风险评价[J].中华疾病控制,2017,21(5):523-526.
[24]余葱葱,赵委托,高小峰,等.陆浑水库饮用水源地水体中金属元素分布特征及健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2018,39(1):89-98.
[25]余葱葱,赵委托,高小峰,等.电镀厂周边地表水中重金属分布特征及健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2017,38(3):993-1001.
[26]杨联芳.沋河水库泥沙严重淤泥原因与沋河流域治理对策[J].陕西水利,2009(1):63-64,68.
[27]李水娜.论沋河水库水源地保护[J].科技资讯,2012(15):55.
[28]李涛,石磊,马中,等.海浪河水环境重金属污染健康风险评价[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(12):5521-5526.
[29]郑浩,于洋,丁震,等.江苏省饮用水重金属污染物健康风险评价[J].江苏预防医学,2012,23(4):5-7.
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