我国西部地区孔隙型含水基岩段立井单层井壁外荷载研究
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摘要
针对我国西部地区白垩–侏罗纪含水基岩段立井井筒设计外荷载取值问题,基于广义有效应力原理与渗流理论,构建围岩与井壁共同作用下的井壁外荷载分析模型,得出井壁外荷载解析解,提出贴壁式和离壁式井壁受力条件,探讨井壁外荷载形成机制。最后,结合西部深埋含水煤系地层特性,讨论井壁外荷载、水压折减系数等取值区间。研究结果表明:(1)井壁外侧水压折减系数β和围岩与井壁渗透率比值/r cK K密切相关,且成正比关系,多数情况下β为0.5～0.9;(2)贴壁状态下,井壁外荷载折减系数ω的变化范围为0.496～0.963;离壁状态下,ω的取值范围为0.5～1.0;(3)单层井壁仅适用于弱富水性白垩—侏罗纪深埋煤系地层,对于富水性较好的地层,宜采用双层钢筋混凝土井壁结构。
Aiming at the problem of the external load determination of the vertical shaft in water-bearing bedrock layers in Cretaceous-Jurassic deep-buried coal-bearing strata in Western China,and based on the generalized effective stress principle and the seepage theory,an analysis model of the external loads on the shaft wall was established considering the joint action of the surrounding rock and the shaft wall,and the analytic solutions of the external loads on the shaft lining were obtained. The stress conditions of the attached and separated walls were proposed,and the formation mechanism of the external loads of the shaft lining was discussed. Combined with the characteristics of deep-buried water-bearing bedrock in western China,the value ranges of the reduction factors of the external loads and the water pressure were discussed. The results show that the water pressure reduction factor on the outside of the shaft wall,β,directly proportional to the ratio of the permeabilities of the surrounding rock and the shaft lining,is in the range of 0.5–0.9 in most cases,that the reduction factors of the external loads of the shaft wall for the attached and separated walls respectively vary from 0.496 to 0.963 and from 0.5 to 1.0,and that the single layer shaft wall is only suitable for the weak water-bearing deep-buried Cretaceous-Jurassic coal-bearing strata while the double-layer reinforced concrete shaft lining structure should be adopted in the water-enriched strata.
Aiming at the problem of the external load determination of the vertical shaft in water-bearing bedrock layers in Cretaceous-Jurassic deep-buried coal-bearing strata in Western China,and based on the generalized effective stress principle and the seepage theory,an analysis model of the external loads on the shaft wall was established considering the joint action of the surrounding rock and the shaft wall,and the analytic solutions of the external loads on the shaft lining were obtained. The stress conditions of the attached and separated walls were proposed,and the formation mechanism of the external loads of the shaft lining was discussed. Combined with the characteristics of deep-buried water-bearing bedrock in western China,the value ranges of the reduction factors of the external loads and the water pressure were discussed. The results show that the water pressure reduction factor on the outside of the shaft wall,β,directly proportional to the ratio of the permeabilities of the surrounding rock and the shaft lining,is in the range of 0.5–0.9 in most cases,that the reduction factors of the external loads of the shaft wall for the attached and separated walls respectively vary from 0.496 to 0.963 and from 0.5 to 1.0,and that the single layer shaft wall is only suitable for the weak water-bearing deep-buried Cretaceous-Jurassic coal-bearing strata while the double-layer reinforced concrete shaft lining structure should be adopted in the water-enriched strata.
引文
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[4]荣传新,王秀喜,蔡海兵,等.基于流固耦合理论的煤矿立井井壁突水机理分析[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(12):2 102-2 108.(RONGChuanxin,WANG Xiuxi,CAI Haibing,et al.Analysis of shaft lining water irruption mechanism in coal mine based on fluid-solid coupling theory[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(12):2 102-2 108.(in Chinese))
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[8]周晓敏,胡启胜,马成炫,等.围岩对竖井井壁承载能力影响的对比研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(增1):26-32.(ZHOU Xiaomin,HU Qisheng,MA Chengxuan,et al.Comparing research on effect of enclosure rock to enhance bearing capacity of shaft lining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(Supp.1):26-32.(in Chinese))
[9]柏东良,杨维好,杨志江,等.基于接触面孔隙率的含水基岩井壁外荷载研究[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(4):600-603.(BO Dongliang,YANG Weihao,YANG Zhijiang,et al.Study on radial loads of mine shaft lining in rock aquifer based on porosity of contact surface[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(4):600-603.(in Chinese))
[10]柏东良.孔隙含水岩石中地下结构的水力荷载[博士学位论文][D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015.(BO Dongliang.Hydraulic load of underground structure in pore water bearing rock[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2015.(in Chinese))
[11]张有天.岩石隧道衬砌外水压力问题的讨论[J].现代隧道技术,2003,40(3):1-4.(ZHANG Youtian.Discussion on external hydraulic pressure upon rock tunnel lining[J].Modern Tunneling Technology,2003,40(3):1-4.(in Chinese))
[12]张有天.隧洞水荷载的静力计算[J].水利学报,1980,11(2):52-62.(ZHANG Youtian.Static calculation of water load on tunnels[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1980,11(2):52-62.(in Chinese))
[13]王建秀,杨立中,何静.深埋隧道衬砌水荷载计算的基本理论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(9):1 139-1 143.(WANG Jianxiu,YANG Lizhong,HE Jing.Introduction to the calculation of external water pressure of tunnel lining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(9):1 139-1 143.(in Chinese))
[14]孔祥言.高等渗流力学[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2010:11-81.(KONG Xiangyan Advanced mechanics of fluids in porous media[M].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China Press,2010:11-81.(in Chinese))
[15]吕晓聪,许金余.海底圆形隧道在渗流场影响下的弹塑性解[J].工程力学,2009,26(2):216-221.(LU Xiaocong,XU Jinyu.Elastic-plastic solution for subsea circular tunnel under the influence of seepage field[J].Engineering Mechanics,2009,26(2):216-221.(in Chinese))
[16]姚池,赵明,杨建华,等.基于改进刚体弹簧方法的二维水压致裂模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(9):2 169-2 176.(YAO Chi,ZHAO Ming,YANG Jianhua,et al.Improved method of rigid body spring for 2D hydraulic fracturing simulation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(9):2 169-2 176.(in Chinese))
[17]詹美礼,岑建.岩体水力劈裂机制圆筒模型试验及解析理论研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(6):1 173-1 181.(ZHANMeili,CEN Jian.Experimental and analytical study of hydraulic fracturing of cylinder sample[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(6):1 173-1 181.(in Chinese))
[18]杨朝蓬,尤雪龙,崔志松,等.低渗致密气藏滑脱效应压力界限研究[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2015,30(4):43-48.(YANGChaopeng,YOU Xuelong,CUI Zhisong,et al.Pressure limit of slippage effect in low permeability tight gas reservoirs[J].Journal of Xi′an Shiyou University:Natural Science,2015,30(4):43-48.(in Chinese))
[19]ZHAO Y,XIA L,ZHANG Q,et al.The influence of water saturation on permeability of low-permeability sandstone[J].Procedia Earth and Planetary Science,2017,17:861-864.
[20]XIAO W L,JIANG L,LI M,et al.Effect of clay minerals on the effective pressure law in clay-rich sandstones[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2015,27(2):1 242-1 251.
[21]路德春,杜修力,许成顺.有效应力原理解析[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(增1):146-151.(LU Dechun,DU Xiuli,XU Chengshun.Analytical solutions to principle of effective stress[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(Supp.1):146-151.(in Chinese))
[22]杜修力,张佩,许成顺,等.论有效应力原理与有效应力[J].岩土工程学报,2018,40(3):486-494.(DU Xiuli,ZHANG Pei,XUChengshun,et al.On principle of effective stress and effective stress[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2018,40(3):486-494.(in Chinese))
[2]周晓敏,周国庆,胡启胜,等.高水压基岩竖井井壁模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(12):2 514-2 522.(ZHOU Xiaomin,ZHOU Guoqing,HU Qisheng,et al.Model test research on shaft lining bulilt in high pressure rock aquifer[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(12):2 514-2 522.(in Chinese))
[3]程桦,蔡海兵.我国深立井冻结法凿井安全现状与思考[J].安徽理工大学学报:自然科学版,2013,33(2):1-6.(CHENG Hua,CAI Haibing.Safety situation and thinking about deep shaft construction with freezing method in China[J].Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology:Natural Science,2013,33(2):1-6.(in Chinese))
[4]荣传新,王秀喜,蔡海兵,等.基于流固耦合理论的煤矿立井井壁突水机理分析[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(12):2 102-2 108.(RONGChuanxin,WANG Xiuxi,CAI Haibing,et al.Analysis of shaft lining water irruption mechanism in coal mine based on fluid-solid coupling theory[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(12):2 102-2 108.(in Chinese))
[5]薛维培.高压水作用下井壁混凝土耦合损伤演化机理及强度特征研究[博士学位论文][D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2017.(XUE Weipei.Research on coupled damage evolution mechanism and strength characteristics of shaft lining concrete under high pressure water[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Huainan:Anhui University of Science and Technology,2017.(in Chinese))
[6]姚直书,程桦,荣传新.西部地区深基岩冻结井筒井壁结构设计与优化[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(5):760-764.(YAO Zhishu,CHENGHua,RONG Chuanxin.Shaft structural design and optimization of deep freezing bedrock shaft in west area[J].Journalof China Coal Society,2010,35(5):760-764.(in Chinese))
[7]周晓敏,陈建华,罗晓青.孔隙型含水基岩段竖井井壁厚度拟订设计研究[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(9):1 174-1 178.(ZHOU Xiaomin,CHEN Jianhua,LUO Xiaoqing.Research on the prelim-inary thickness design of shaft lining in porous rock aquifer[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(9):1 174-1 178.(in Chinese))
[8]周晓敏,胡启胜,马成炫,等.围岩对竖井井壁承载能力影响的对比研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(增1):26-32.(ZHOU Xiaomin,HU Qisheng,MA Chengxuan,et al.Comparing research on effect of enclosure rock to enhance bearing capacity of shaft lining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(Supp.1):26-32.(in Chinese))
[9]柏东良,杨维好,杨志江,等.基于接触面孔隙率的含水基岩井壁外荷载研究[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(4):600-603.(BO Dongliang,YANG Weihao,YANG Zhijiang,et al.Study on radial loads of mine shaft lining in rock aquifer based on porosity of contact surface[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(4):600-603.(in Chinese))
[10]柏东良.孔隙含水岩石中地下结构的水力荷载[博士学位论文][D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015.(BO Dongliang.Hydraulic load of underground structure in pore water bearing rock[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2015.(in Chinese))
[11]张有天.岩石隧道衬砌外水压力问题的讨论[J].现代隧道技术,2003,40(3):1-4.(ZHANG Youtian.Discussion on external hydraulic pressure upon rock tunnel lining[J].Modern Tunneling Technology,2003,40(3):1-4.(in Chinese))
[12]张有天.隧洞水荷载的静力计算[J].水利学报,1980,11(2):52-62.(ZHANG Youtian.Static calculation of water load on tunnels[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1980,11(2):52-62.(in Chinese))
[13]王建秀,杨立中,何静.深埋隧道衬砌水荷载计算的基本理论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(9):1 139-1 143.(WANG Jianxiu,YANG Lizhong,HE Jing.Introduction to the calculation of external water pressure of tunnel lining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(9):1 139-1 143.(in Chinese))
[14]孔祥言.高等渗流力学[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2010:11-81.(KONG Xiangyan Advanced mechanics of fluids in porous media[M].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China Press,2010:11-81.(in Chinese))
[15]吕晓聪,许金余.海底圆形隧道在渗流场影响下的弹塑性解[J].工程力学,2009,26(2):216-221.(LU Xiaocong,XU Jinyu.Elastic-plastic solution for subsea circular tunnel under the influence of seepage field[J].Engineering Mechanics,2009,26(2):216-221.(in Chinese))
[16]姚池,赵明,杨建华,等.基于改进刚体弹簧方法的二维水压致裂模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(9):2 169-2 176.(YAO Chi,ZHAO Ming,YANG Jianhua,et al.Improved method of rigid body spring for 2D hydraulic fracturing simulation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(9):2 169-2 176.(in Chinese))
[17]詹美礼,岑建.岩体水力劈裂机制圆筒模型试验及解析理论研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(6):1 173-1 181.(ZHANMeili,CEN Jian.Experimental and analytical study of hydraulic fracturing of cylinder sample[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(6):1 173-1 181.(in Chinese))
[18]杨朝蓬,尤雪龙,崔志松,等.低渗致密气藏滑脱效应压力界限研究[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2015,30(4):43-48.(YANGChaopeng,YOU Xuelong,CUI Zhisong,et al.Pressure limit of slippage effect in low permeability tight gas reservoirs[J].Journal of Xi′an Shiyou University:Natural Science,2015,30(4):43-48.(in Chinese))
[19]ZHAO Y,XIA L,ZHANG Q,et al.The influence of water saturation on permeability of low-permeability sandstone[J].Procedia Earth and Planetary Science,2017,17:861-864.
[20]XIAO W L,JIANG L,LI M,et al.Effect of clay minerals on the effective pressure law in clay-rich sandstones[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2015,27(2):1 242-1 251.
[21]路德春,杜修力,许成顺.有效应力原理解析[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(增1):146-151.(LU Dechun,DU Xiuli,XU Chengshun.Analytical solutions to principle of effective stress[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(Supp.1):146-151.(in Chinese))
[22]杜修力,张佩,许成顺,等.论有效应力原理与有效应力[J].岩土工程学报,2018,40(3):486-494.(DU Xiuli,ZHANG Pei,XUChengshun,et al.On principle of effective stress and effective stress[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2018,40(3):486-494.(in Chinese))
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