基于地统计学分析的太湖颗粒态和溶解态氮、磷营养盐时空分布特征及来源分析
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摘要
研究水体氮、磷营养盐的空间变异性及时空动态变化,有助于人们深入认识和了解氮、磷营养盐的变化对藻类生长繁殖的影响,对于治理富营养化水体中藻类的暴发性增长具有重要意义.基于地统计学分析方法,以太湖2014年8月～2015年5月夏、秋、冬、春四季为研究时段,分析了草、藻型等不同生态类型湖区颗粒态和溶解态氮、磷营养盐的来源以及赋存形态,营养盐限制类型的时空分布特征,并探寻其时空变化原因.结果表明:(1)时空分布上,水体中氮、磷含量整体表现为冬季高于其他季节,呈现由西北湖区向东南湖区递减的特征;颗粒态氮、磷与叶绿素a含量则表现为夏季高于其他季节,冬季高值区均位于南部湖区,其余季节高值区集中在西北湖区.(2)随季节变化,太湖草、藻型湖区氮磷营养盐形态组成发生了大的变化;藻型湖区由冬季以硝酸盐氮和有机磷为主,转变为其余季节以颗粒态氮磷为主,而草型湖区由冬季以颗粒态氮磷为主,转变为其余季节以氨氮和有机氮磷为主.(3)营养结构上,藻型湖区总氮/总磷比值由秋冬季节大于16,降低为夏春季节的小于16;而草型湖区却由秋冬季节小于16,升高为夏春季节大于16.溶解态氮磷比在藻型湖区的空间变化规律与总氮/总磷比值一致,而在草型湖区溶解态氮磷比由秋季小于16,升高为夏、冬、春季节大于16.颗粒态氮磷比时空变化均不显著(P> 0. 05),各季节藻型湖区颗粒态氮磷比值均小于16,草型湖区均大于16.
It is of great significance to investigate the spatio-temporal variation in nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients as a mechanism for controlling the sudden increase of algae in eutrophic water. Based on the geostatistical analysis,we studied the sources and occurring forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in different areas of Lake Taihu—a large shallow and eutrophic lake in China. We also examined the spatial distribution of the type of nutrient restriction and its reason by monitoring the sites seasonally from August 2014 to May 2015.The results showed that:(1) The concentrations of soluble nitrogen and phosphorus were higher in the winter than in other seasons,and they gradually decreased spatially from the northwest to southeast. The concentrations of particulate nitrogen,phosphorus,and chlorophyll a were highest in the summer,and the high-concentration regions in the winter and other seasons were located in the southern and northwestern parts of the lake,respectively.(2) The composition of nitrogen and phosphorus in algae-and macrophytedominated regions changed substantially with the seasonal change. The algae-dominated regions were dominated by nitrate nitrogen and organic phosphorus in the winter and particulate nitrogen and phosphorus during the other seasons. However,the macrophyte-dominated region was dominated by particulate nitrogen and phosphorus in the winter and ammonia,organic nitrogen,and phosphorus during the other seasons.(3) The ratios of total nitrogen to total phosphorus in the algae-dominated region were greater than 16∶ 1 in the autumn and winter but less than 16∶ 1 in the summer and spring. Meanwhile,the ratios of total nitrogen to total phosphorus in the macrophytedominated region increased from less than 16∶ 1 in the autumn and winter to more than 16∶ 1 in the summer and spring. In the algaedominated region,the spatial variation in the dissolved total nitrogen to total phosphorus ratio was consistent with the ratio of total nitrogen to total phosphorus. In the macrophyte-dominated region,the dissolved total nitrogen to total phosphorus ratio increased from less than 16∶ 1 in the autumn to more than 16∶ 1 in the summer,winter,and spring. The temporal and spatial variation in the ratio of particulate nitrogen to phosphorus was not significant( P > 0. 05),and this ratio was less than and greater than 16 in algae-and macrophyte-dominated regions,respectively.
It is of great significance to investigate the spatio-temporal variation in nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients as a mechanism for controlling the sudden increase of algae in eutrophic water. Based on the geostatistical analysis,we studied the sources and occurring forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in different areas of Lake Taihu—a large shallow and eutrophic lake in China. We also examined the spatial distribution of the type of nutrient restriction and its reason by monitoring the sites seasonally from August 2014 to May 2015.The results showed that:(1) The concentrations of soluble nitrogen and phosphorus were higher in the winter than in other seasons,and they gradually decreased spatially from the northwest to southeast. The concentrations of particulate nitrogen,phosphorus,and chlorophyll a were highest in the summer,and the high-concentration regions in the winter and other seasons were located in the southern and northwestern parts of the lake,respectively.(2) The composition of nitrogen and phosphorus in algae-and macrophytedominated regions changed substantially with the seasonal change. The algae-dominated regions were dominated by nitrate nitrogen and organic phosphorus in the winter and particulate nitrogen and phosphorus during the other seasons. However,the macrophyte-dominated region was dominated by particulate nitrogen and phosphorus in the winter and ammonia,organic nitrogen,and phosphorus during the other seasons.(3) The ratios of total nitrogen to total phosphorus in the algae-dominated region were greater than 16∶ 1 in the autumn and winter but less than 16∶ 1 in the summer and spring. Meanwhile,the ratios of total nitrogen to total phosphorus in the macrophytedominated region increased from less than 16∶ 1 in the autumn and winter to more than 16∶ 1 in the summer and spring. In the algaedominated region,the spatial variation in the dissolved total nitrogen to total phosphorus ratio was consistent with the ratio of total nitrogen to total phosphorus. In the macrophyte-dominated region,the dissolved total nitrogen to total phosphorus ratio increased from less than 16∶ 1 in the autumn to more than 16∶ 1 in the summer,winter,and spring. The temporal and spatial variation in the ratio of particulate nitrogen to phosphorus was not significant( P > 0. 05),and this ratio was less than and greater than 16 in algae-and macrophyte-dominated regions,respectively.
引文
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