河北省重点城市土壤重金属污染评价与防治对策——以石家庄市为例
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摘要
随着城市化的快速发展,作为城市环境主要受体的城市土壤已经收到严重的污染,尤其是重金属的污染。以地质累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法为评价方法,对石家庄城市表层土壤中的8种重金属元素进行了污染评价和潜在生态危害评价;评价认为:石家庄城市表层土壤中重金属元素平均值(除As、Ni外)均高于河北中南部平原的区域背景值;其中Hg、Cd、Zn元素的平均值较大。表层土壤中重金属元素Hg、Cd、Zn元素的富集系数较大,表明这些元素受到人为因素及工业活动的影响。整体而言,石家庄城市表层土壤环境整体良好,局部污染;警戒、污染土壤面积比例之和达到3. 18%。潜在生态危害评价认为:石家庄城市表层土壤重金属元素Hg、Cd的潜在生态危害较大;其中Hg达到了强生态危害,Cd达到了中等生态危害。综合评价8种重金属元素的潜在生态危害性,石家庄城市表层土壤整体表现为中等潜在生态危害。在研究评价基础上提出防治对策。
With the rapid development of urbanization,the topsoil,as main receiver of the city environment,has been polluted,especially by the heavy metals. Based on geo-accumulation index analysis and potential ecological risk index analysis,the soil pollution and potential ecological risk of main eight heavy metals in topsoil of Shijiazhuang were analyzed and assessed. The results indicate that the average value of heavy metals( except As and Ni) in topsoil of Shijiazhuang is higher than background values of central and southern plain of Hebei Province,Hg,Cd and Zn the highest. The enrichment coefficient of heavy metals( except As and Ni) is above 1,Hg,Cd and Zn in the highest level,this results reveal the pollution is caused by the joint action of man-made factors and industrial activities. Generally speaking,the topsoil of Shijiazhuang is keeping in good condition,and the surface of soil partially polluted,on the alert and completely polluted reached to 3,18%. According to potential ecological risk index analyze,it can be concluded that Hg and Cd has the greatest potential risk,Hg in the highest level and Cd in medium level. Considering all eight elements,generally concluding,the soil environment of Shijiazhuang has been in the medium ecological risk level. Based on the above analysis,the prevention countermeasures are proposed.
With the rapid development of urbanization,the topsoil,as main receiver of the city environment,has been polluted,especially by the heavy metals. Based on geo-accumulation index analysis and potential ecological risk index analysis,the soil pollution and potential ecological risk of main eight heavy metals in topsoil of Shijiazhuang were analyzed and assessed. The results indicate that the average value of heavy metals( except As and Ni) in topsoil of Shijiazhuang is higher than background values of central and southern plain of Hebei Province,Hg,Cd and Zn the highest. The enrichment coefficient of heavy metals( except As and Ni) is above 1,Hg,Cd and Zn in the highest level,this results reveal the pollution is caused by the joint action of man-made factors and industrial activities. Generally speaking,the topsoil of Shijiazhuang is keeping in good condition,and the surface of soil partially polluted,on the alert and completely polluted reached to 3,18%. According to potential ecological risk index analyze,it can be concluded that Hg and Cd has the greatest potential risk,Hg in the highest level and Cd in medium level. Considering all eight elements,generally concluding,the soil environment of Shijiazhuang has been in the medium ecological risk level. Based on the above analysis,the prevention countermeasures are proposed.
引文
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14夏文建,徐昌旭,刘增兵,等.江西农田重金属污染现状及防治对策研究[J].江西农业学报,2015,27(1):86-89Xia Wenjian.Xu Changxu,Liu Zengbing,et al.Study on present situation of heavy metal pollution in farmland of Jiangxi and countermeasures[J].Journal of Jiangxi Agriculture,2015,27(1):86-89
15刘亚修,曹睿,许猛.杭州市重金属污染现状及防治对策[J].工业安全与环保,2013,39(3):52-54Liu Yaxiu,Cao Rui,Xu Meng.Status of heavy metal pollution in Hangzhou and countermeasures[J].Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection,2013,39(3):52-54
16颜文,池继松,古森昌,等.珠江三角洲工业区土壤(沉积物)重金属污染特征及防治对策-以石龙和荣桂工业区为例[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(3):177-182Yan Wen,Chi Jisong,Gu Senchang,et al.Characteristics and prevention countermeasures of heavy metal pollution of soils(sediments)in industrial areas of the Pearl River Delta-two case studies of Shilong and Ronggui Industrial Areas[J].Soil and Environmental Sciences,2000,9(3):177-182
17董善运.土壤污染源的成因、危害及防治对策[J].安徽农业通报,2007,13(6):43-44Dong Shanyun.Causes,harms and countermeasures of soil pollution[J].Anhui Agricultural Bulletin,2007,13(6):43-44
2董莉莉.沈阳市土壤和地表灰尘重金属研究现状[J].防护林科技,2008,39(153):1211-1216Dong Lili.Research status of heavy metals in soil and surface dust in Shenyang[J].Protection Forest Science and Technology,2008,39(153):1211-1216
3 Zhang M K,Wang M Q,Liu X M,et al.Characterization of soil quality under vegetable production along an urban-rural gradient[J].Pedosphere,2003,13(2):173-180
4崔邢涛,栾文楼,郭海全,等.石家庄城市土壤重金属污染及潜在生态危害评价[J].现代地质,2011,25(1):169-175Cui Xingtao,Luan Wenlou,Guo Haiquan,et al.Evaluation of soil heavy metal pollution and potential ecological hazard in Shijiazhuang[J].Geoscience,2011,25(1):169-175
5中国地质调查局.多目标区域地球化学调查规范(1:25万):DD2005-01[S].北京:中国地质调查局China Geological Survey.Guidelines for region geochemical investigation of multi-target(1:250 000):DD 2005-01[S].Beijing:China Geological Survey
6中国地质调查局.生态地球化学评价样品分析技术要求(试行):DD 2005-3[S].北京:中国地质调查局China Geological Survey.Technical requirements of sample analysis for eco-geochemical evaluation:DD 2005-3[S].Beijing:China Geological Survey
7李随民,栾文楼,魏明辉,等.河北唐-秦地区表层土壤地球化学质量评价[J].中国地质,2009,36(4):932-939Li Suimin,Luan Wenlou,Wei Minghui,et al.Evaluation of surface soil geochemical quality in Tang-Qin area,Hebei Province[J].Geology of China,2009,36(4):932-939
8崔邢涛,宋泽峰,栾文楼,等.冀东表层土壤中镉的环境地球化学基线[J].现代地质,2008,22(6):1049-1054Cui Xingtao,Song Zefeng,Luan Wenlou,et al.Environmental geochemical baseline for cadmium in the eastern hebei topsoil[J].Geoscience,2008,22(6):1049-1054
9陈红亮,刘铮军,陈晓淼.贵州北部农业土壤重金属汞地质累积污染研究[J].四川师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014,37(3):385-388Chen Hongliang,Liu Zhengjun,Chen Xiaomiao.Study on accumulated geological pollution of heavy metals and mercury in agricultural soil in northern Guizhou Province[J].Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2014,37(3):385-388
10崔邢涛,秦振宇,栾文楼,等.河北省保定市平原区土壤重金属污染及潜在生态危害评价[J].现代地质,2014,28(3):523-530Cui Xingtao,Qin Zhenyu,Luan Wenlou,et al.Assessment of the heavy metal pollution and the potential ecological hazard in soil of plain area of baoding city of Hebei Province[J].Geoscience,2014,28(3):523-530
11崔邢涛,栾文楼,牛彦斌,等.唐山城市土壤重金属污染及潜在生态危害评价[J].中国地质,2011,38(5):1379-1386Cui Xingtao,Luan Wenlou,Qin Zhenyu,et al.An assessment of the heavy metal pollution and potential ecological hazards in urban soil of Tangshan City[J].Geology in China,2011,38(5):1379-1386
12吕建树,张祖陆,刘洋,等.日照市土壤重金属来源解析及环境风险评价[J].地理学报,2012,67(7):971-984Lv Jianshu,Zhang Zulu,Liu Yang,et al.Analysis of soil heavy metals sources and environmental risk assessment in Rizhao[J].Journal of Geographical,2012,67(7):971-984
13刘国涛,金晓静,彭绪亚,等.重庆市梁滩河沉积物重金属污染风险评价[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(12):4962-4967Liu Guotao,Jin Xiaojing,Peng Xuya,et al.Risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in Liangtan River sediment in Chongqing[J].Journal of Central South University(Natural Science Edition),2012,43(12):4962-4967
14夏文建,徐昌旭,刘增兵,等.江西农田重金属污染现状及防治对策研究[J].江西农业学报,2015,27(1):86-89Xia Wenjian.Xu Changxu,Liu Zengbing,et al.Study on present situation of heavy metal pollution in farmland of Jiangxi and countermeasures[J].Journal of Jiangxi Agriculture,2015,27(1):86-89
15刘亚修,曹睿,许猛.杭州市重金属污染现状及防治对策[J].工业安全与环保,2013,39(3):52-54Liu Yaxiu,Cao Rui,Xu Meng.Status of heavy metal pollution in Hangzhou and countermeasures[J].Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection,2013,39(3):52-54
16颜文,池继松,古森昌,等.珠江三角洲工业区土壤(沉积物)重金属污染特征及防治对策-以石龙和荣桂工业区为例[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(3):177-182Yan Wen,Chi Jisong,Gu Senchang,et al.Characteristics and prevention countermeasures of heavy metal pollution of soils(sediments)in industrial areas of the Pearl River Delta-two case studies of Shilong and Ronggui Industrial Areas[J].Soil and Environmental Sciences,2000,9(3):177-182
17董善运.土壤污染源的成因、危害及防治对策[J].安徽农业通报,2007,13(6):43-44Dong Shanyun.Causes,harms and countermeasures of soil pollution[J].Anhui Agricultural Bulletin,2007,13(6):43-44
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