脑深部刺激电极表面多壁碳纳米管的电泳沉积工艺研究
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摘要
为了提高脑深部刺激(DBS)电极组织界面的电学性能和生物相容性,提出一种直流电泳沉积多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)制备电极表面纳米结构对电极进行修饰改性的方法,将不锈钢片和铜电极接在直流电源的阳极和阴极,放入经过纯化处理和功能化处理后配制成的MWCNTs悬浊液中,设置电压和电泳时间,即可在不锈钢片上沉积多壁碳纳米管。对多壁碳纳米管修饰电极的电泳沉积工艺进行了研究,评价了电泳沉积形成的多壁碳纳米管薄膜的稳定性、材料成分和生物学特性。研究结果表明,电泳沉积多壁碳纳米管的最佳参数是20V和7min,电泳沉积可以在电极表面形成20～100nm的碳纳米管结构膜层,膜层表面颗粒均匀,排列致密,连续性好,没有裂纹,且薄膜的纯度较高,生物相容性良好,具有较好的电化学稳定性,但机械稳定性有待提高。该方法在保证电极-组织界面生物相容性的基础上,能有效避免电极电性能下降,从而提高电极的综合性能。
To improve the electrical performance and biocompatibility of the deep brain stimulation(DBS)electrode-tissue interface,DC electrophoretic deposition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to modify electrode is proposed.The stainless steel plate and copper electrode are connected to the anode and cathode of DC power supply,and put into the suspension of MWCNTs prepared after purification and functionalization.The multi-walled carbon nanotubes can be deposited on the stainless steel plate by setting voltage and electrophoresis time.The electrophoretic deposition process,stability and material composition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes film formed by electrophoretic deposition is investigated and the biological characters of modified electrodes are evaluated.The results show that the best combination parameters of the electrophoretic deposition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes are 20 Vand 7min.20-100 nm carbon nanotube film can be formed on the electrode surface by electrophoretic deposition,the film with good continuity and high purity and without cracks is endowed with good biocompatibility and electrochemical stability,but it is suggested to strengthen the mechanicalstability.This strategy ensures the biocompatibility of electrode-tissue interface and effectively avoids degradation of electrode electrical properties.
To improve the electrical performance and biocompatibility of the deep brain stimulation(DBS)electrode-tissue interface,DC electrophoretic deposition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to modify electrode is proposed.The stainless steel plate and copper electrode are connected to the anode and cathode of DC power supply,and put into the suspension of MWCNTs prepared after purification and functionalization.The multi-walled carbon nanotubes can be deposited on the stainless steel plate by setting voltage and electrophoresis time.The electrophoretic deposition process,stability and material composition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes film formed by electrophoretic deposition is investigated and the biological characters of modified electrodes are evaluated.The results show that the best combination parameters of the electrophoretic deposition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes are 20 Vand 7min.20-100 nm carbon nanotube film can be formed on the electrode surface by electrophoretic deposition,the film with good continuity and high purity and without cracks is endowed with good biocompatibility and electrochemical stability,but it is suggested to strengthen the mechanicalstability.This strategy ensures the biocompatibility of electrode-tissue interface and effectively avoids degradation of electrode electrical properties.
引文
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[2]潘宜新,孙伯民.脑深部电刺激的临床应用[J].生命科学,2014,26(6):650-656.PAN Yixin,SUN Bomin.Clinical application of deep brain stimulation[J].Chinese Bulletin of Life Science,2014,26(6):650-656.
[3]陈忠,张世红.深部脑刺激在神经精神疾病治疗中的应用研究进展[J].浙江大学学报(医学版),2009,38(6):549-558.CHEN Zhong,ZHANG Shihong.Advances in application of deep brain stimulation in treatment of neuropsychological diseases[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Medical Sciences),2009,38(6):549-558.
[4] MOHR P,RODRIGUEZ M,SLAVˇCKOVA,et al.The application of vagus nerve stimulation and deep brain stimulation in depression[J].Neuropsychobiology,2011,64(3):170-181.
[5] GABRILS L.Deep brain stimulation for psychiatric disorders[J].Neurotherapeutics,2008,5(1):50-58.
[6]白宗旭,刘亚雄,王会友,等.脑深部神经刺激微电极的表面改性研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2011,45(10):98-103.BAI Zongxu,LIU Yaxiong,WANG Huiyou,et al.Sueface modification of microelectrode for deep brain stimulation[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2011,45(10):98-103.
[7]龚茹雪,赵宗亚,黄洪恩,等.双面微电极阵列芯片力电特性的有限元仿真[J].西安交通大学学报,2017,51(1):141-146.GONG Ruxue,ZHAO Zongya,HUANG Hong’en,et al.Finite element simulation on the mechanical and electrical properties of double-sided microelectrode array chip[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2017,51(1):141-146.
[8] PETROSSIANS A,WHALEN J J,WEILAND J D,et al.Surface modification of neural stimulating/recording electrodes with high surface area platinum-iridium alloy coatings[C]∥International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine&Biology Society.Piscataway,NJ,USA:IEEE Eng.Med.Biol.Soc.,2011:3001.
[9] NEGI S,BHANDARI R,RIETH L,et al.In vitro comparison of sputtered iridium oxide and platinumcoated neural implantable microelectrode arrays[J].Biomedical Materials,2010,5(1):15007.
[10]LYNAM C,GROSSE W,WALLACE G G.Carbonnanotube biofiber microelectrodes[J].Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2009,156(7):117-121.
[11]KHAN S,NEWAZ G.A comprehensive review of surface modification for neural cell adhesion and patterning[J].Journal of Biomedical Materials Research:Part A,2010,93(3):1209-1224.
[12]LIN Shuping,KYRIAKIDES T R,CHEN Jiajin.Online observation of cell growth in a three-dimensional matrix on surfacemodified microelectrode arrays[J].Biomaterials,2009,30:3110-3117.
[13]CHAO C C,KIM Y B,PRINZ F B.Surface modification of yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolyte by atomic layer deposition[J].Nano Letters,2009,9(10):3626-3628.
[14]TURNER J N,SHAIN W,SZAROWSKI D H,et al.Cerebral astrocyte response to micromachined silicon implants[J].Experimental Neurology,1999,156(1):33-49.
[15]HABERLER C,ALESCH F,MAZAL P R,et al.No tissue damage by chronic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease[J].Annals of Neurology,2000,48(3):372-376.
[16]NIELSEN M S,BJARKAM C R,SORENSEN J C,et al.Chronic subthalamic high-frequency deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease:a histopathological study[J].European Journal of Neurology,2007,14(2):132-138.
[17]ABIDIAN M R,COREY J M,KIPKE D R,et al.Conducting-polymer nanotubes improve electrical properties,mechanical adhesion,neural attachment,and neurite outgrowth of neural electrodes[J].Small,2010,6(3):421-429.
[18]LIU Xiao,YUE Zhilian,HIGGINS M J,et al.Conducting polymers with immobilised fibrillar collagen for enhanced neural interfacing[J].Biomaterials,2011,32(30):7309-7317.
[19]KIM J H,KANG G,NAM Y,et al.Surface-modified microelectrode array with flake nanostructure for neural recording and stimulation[J].Nanotechnology,2010,21(8):85303.
[20]SEKER E,BERDICHEVSKY Y,BEGLEY M R,et al.The fabrication of low-impedance nanoporous gold multiple-electrode arrays for neural electrophysiology studies[J].Nanotechnology,2010,21(12):125504.
[21]AZEMI E,LAGENAUR C F,CUI X T.The surface immobilization of the neural adhesion molecule L1on neural probes and its effect on neuronal density and gliosis at the probe/tissue interface[J].Biomaterials,2011,32(3):681-692.
[22]MATTSON M P,HADDON R C,RAO A M.Molecular functionalization of carbon nanotubes and use as substrates for neuronal growth[J].Journal of Molecular Neuroscience,2000,14(3):175-182.
[23]BRUMMER S B,TURNER M J.Electrochemical considerations for safe electrical stimulation of the nervous system with platinum electrodes[J].IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering,1977,24(1):59-63.
[24]CROUCH A S,MILLER D,LUEBKE K J,et al.Correlation of anisotropic cell behaviors with topographic aspect ratio[J].Biomaterials,2009,30(8):1560-1567.
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