注液方式对深层页岩裂缝形态影响实验研究
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摘要
开发深层页岩需要通过对储层进行水力压裂,而注液方式会对压裂效果产生很大的影响。采用真三轴水力压裂实验系统,研究不同的注液方式对深层页岩的裂缝形态的影响规律。实验结果表明:高地应力差下水力裂缝会沿着垂直于最小地应力方向起裂并扩展成横切缝,遇层理或天然裂缝会沟通并形成分支缝;采用先小排量后提升至大排量的注液方式可以开启更多的裂缝;先注入高粘度的压裂液制造主缝,然后替换为低粘度压裂液开启分支缝,形成主缝+分支缝的裂缝形态,有利于提升储层SRV。本实验研究结果可以为深层页岩压裂设计提供参考。
Hydraulic fracturing is always used to reform deep shale reservoir,while injection method has a great influence on the fracturing results. The hydraulic fracturing experiments under true triaxial conditions are conducted on the deep shale to research the influence of different injection methods on the fracture morphology. The results indicate that the hydraulic fractures always crack in the direction perpendicular to minor principal stress and extend,then penetrate or connect when encounter bedding planes and natural fractures; the injection method that low displacement is first used then high is instead can open more fractures; Injecting high viscosity fracturing fluid could firstly manufacturing main fractures and then with low viscosity fluid could open branch fractures. It is a better method to improve the SRV of shale reservoir. The research can provide a reference for deep shale fracturing design.
Hydraulic fracturing is always used to reform deep shale reservoir,while injection method has a great influence on the fracturing results. The hydraulic fracturing experiments under true triaxial conditions are conducted on the deep shale to research the influence of different injection methods on the fracture morphology. The results indicate that the hydraulic fractures always crack in the direction perpendicular to minor principal stress and extend,then penetrate or connect when encounter bedding planes and natural fractures; the injection method that low displacement is first used then high is instead can open more fractures; Injecting high viscosity fracturing fluid could firstly manufacturing main fractures and then with low viscosity fluid could open branch fractures. It is a better method to improve the SRV of shale reservoir. The research can provide a reference for deep shale fracturing design.
引文
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[10]李旺,唐春安,李连崇.裂隙岩体同步压裂干扰机制的数值模拟研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2018,14(3):719-728.(Li Wang,Tang Chunan,Li Lianchong.Numerical simulation research on the perturbation mechanism of simultaneous fracturing in jointed rock masses[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2018,14(3):719-728.(in Chinese))
[11]李连崇,张潦源,黄波,等.薄互层储层水平井压裂裂缝延伸规律模拟分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(6):1577-1585.(Li Lianchong,Zhang Liaoyuan,Huang Bo,et al.Numerical investigation on the propagation law of hydraulic fractures near horizontal wells in thin interbedded reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(6):1577-1585.(in Chinese))
[12]严成增,郑宏.基于FDEM-flow方法研究非均质性对水力压裂的影响[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(增2):625-631,638.(Yan Chengzeng,Zheng Hong.Effect of heterogeneity on hydraulic fracturing based on FDEM-flow method[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(Supp.2):625-631,638.(in Chinese))
[13]陈作,曾义金.深层页岩气分段压裂技术现状及发展建议[J].石油钻探技术,2016(1):6-11.(Chen Zuo,Zeng Yijin.Present situations and prospects of multi-stage fracturing technology for deep shale gas development[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2016(1):6-11.(in Chinese))
[14]邹才能,董大忠,王玉满,等.中国页岩气特征、挑战及前景(二)[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(2):166-178.(Zou Caineng,Dong Dazhong,Wang Yuman,et al.Shale gas in China:characteristics,challenges and prospects(II)[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2015,43(6):116-178.(in Chinese))
[15]Rickman R,Mullen M,Peter E,et al.A practical use of shale petrophysics for simulation design optimization:all shale plays are not clones of the Barnett shale[A]//Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition[C].Denver,Colorado,USA,2008:1-11.
[16]侯冰,陈勉,程万,等.页岩气储层变排量压裂的造缝机制[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(11):2149-2152.(Hou Bing,Chen Mian,Cheng Wan,et al.Fracturing mechanism of shale gas reservoir with variable pump rates[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(11):2149-2152.(in Chinese))
[17]范铁刚,张广清.注液速率及压裂液黏度对煤层水力裂缝形态的影响[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(4):117-123.(Fan Tiegang,Zhang Guangqing.Influence of injection rate and fracturing fluid viscosity on hydraulic fracture geometry in coal[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Natural Science Edition),2014,38(4):117-123.(in Chinese))
[18]Pater C J D,Beugelsdijk L J L.Experiments and numerical simulation of hydraulic fracturing in naturally fractured rock[A]//U.S.Rock Mechanics Symposium and U.S.-Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium[C].2005:1-12.
[19]侯冰,程万,陈勉,等.裂缝性页岩储层水力裂缝非平面扩展实验[J].天然气工业,2014,34(12):81-86.(Hou Bing,Cheng Wan,Chen Mian,et al.Experiments on the non-planar extension of hydraulic fractures in fractured shale gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(12):81-86.(in Chinese))
[20]衡帅,杨春和,曾义金,等.页岩水力压裂裂缝形态的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(7):1243-1251.(Heng Shuai,Yang Chunhe,Zeng Yijin,et al.Experimental study on hydraulic fracture geometry of shale[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(7):1243-1251.(in Chinese))
[2]Blanton T L.An experimental study of interaction between hydraulically induced and pre-existing fractures[A]//Proceedings of SPE Unconventional Gas Recovery Symposium[C].Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania,SPE,1982:559-571.
[3]Zhou J,Chen M,Jin Y,et al.Analysis of fracture propagation behavior and fracture geometry using a triaxial fracturing system in naturally fractured reservoirs[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2008,45(7):1143-1152.
[4]Potluri N K,Zhu D,Hill A D.The effect of natural fractures on hydraulic fracture propagation[M].Society of Petroleum Engineers,2005.
[5]程万,金衍,陈勉,等.三维空间中水力裂缝穿透天然裂缝的判别准则[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):336-340.(Cheng Wan,Jin Yan,Chen Mian,et al.A criterion for identifying hydraulic fractures crossing natural fractures in 3D space[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2014,41(3):336-340.(in Chinese))
[6]武鹏飞,梁卫国,曹孟涛,等.煤体在不同层理方位Ⅰ型断裂特征试验研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2017,13(S2):538-545.(Wu Pengfei,Liang Weiguo,Cao Mengtao,et al.Experimental investigation on model I fracture characteristics of coal in different stratification orientation[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2017,13(Suup.2):538-545.(in Chinese))
[7]毕井龙,梁卫国,耿毅德,等.温度和层理对油页岩断裂韧度影响的试验研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2018,14(4):1007-1015.(Bi Jinglong,Liang Weiguo,Geng Yide,et al.Experimental study on the effect of temperature and bedding planes on the fracture toughness of oil shale[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2018,14(4):1007-1015.(in Chinese))|
[8]陈勉.页岩气储层水力裂缝转向扩展机制[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(5):88-94.(Chen Mian.Re-orientation and propagation of hydraulic fractures in shale gas reservoir[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Natural Science Edition),2013,37(5):88-94.(in Chinese))
[9]赵金洲,任岚,胡永全.页岩储层压裂缝成网延伸的受控因素分析[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(1):1-9.(Zhao Jinzhou,Ren Lan,Hu Yongquan.Controlling factors of hydraulic fractures extending into network in shale formations(Natural Science Edition)[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University,2013,35(1):1-9.(in Chinese))
[10]李旺,唐春安,李连崇.裂隙岩体同步压裂干扰机制的数值模拟研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2018,14(3):719-728.(Li Wang,Tang Chunan,Li Lianchong.Numerical simulation research on the perturbation mechanism of simultaneous fracturing in jointed rock masses[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2018,14(3):719-728.(in Chinese))
[11]李连崇,张潦源,黄波,等.薄互层储层水平井压裂裂缝延伸规律模拟分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(6):1577-1585.(Li Lianchong,Zhang Liaoyuan,Huang Bo,et al.Numerical investigation on the propagation law of hydraulic fractures near horizontal wells in thin interbedded reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(6):1577-1585.(in Chinese))
[12]严成增,郑宏.基于FDEM-flow方法研究非均质性对水力压裂的影响[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(增2):625-631,638.(Yan Chengzeng,Zheng Hong.Effect of heterogeneity on hydraulic fracturing based on FDEM-flow method[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(Supp.2):625-631,638.(in Chinese))
[13]陈作,曾义金.深层页岩气分段压裂技术现状及发展建议[J].石油钻探技术,2016(1):6-11.(Chen Zuo,Zeng Yijin.Present situations and prospects of multi-stage fracturing technology for deep shale gas development[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2016(1):6-11.(in Chinese))
[14]邹才能,董大忠,王玉满,等.中国页岩气特征、挑战及前景(二)[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(2):166-178.(Zou Caineng,Dong Dazhong,Wang Yuman,et al.Shale gas in China:characteristics,challenges and prospects(II)[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2015,43(6):116-178.(in Chinese))
[15]Rickman R,Mullen M,Peter E,et al.A practical use of shale petrophysics for simulation design optimization:all shale plays are not clones of the Barnett shale[A]//Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition[C].Denver,Colorado,USA,2008:1-11.
[16]侯冰,陈勉,程万,等.页岩气储层变排量压裂的造缝机制[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(11):2149-2152.(Hou Bing,Chen Mian,Cheng Wan,et al.Fracturing mechanism of shale gas reservoir with variable pump rates[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(11):2149-2152.(in Chinese))
[17]范铁刚,张广清.注液速率及压裂液黏度对煤层水力裂缝形态的影响[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(4):117-123.(Fan Tiegang,Zhang Guangqing.Influence of injection rate and fracturing fluid viscosity on hydraulic fracture geometry in coal[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Natural Science Edition),2014,38(4):117-123.(in Chinese))
[18]Pater C J D,Beugelsdijk L J L.Experiments and numerical simulation of hydraulic fracturing in naturally fractured rock[A]//U.S.Rock Mechanics Symposium and U.S.-Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium[C].2005:1-12.
[19]侯冰,程万,陈勉,等.裂缝性页岩储层水力裂缝非平面扩展实验[J].天然气工业,2014,34(12):81-86.(Hou Bing,Cheng Wan,Chen Mian,et al.Experiments on the non-planar extension of hydraulic fractures in fractured shale gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(12):81-86.(in Chinese))
[20]衡帅,杨春和,曾义金,等.页岩水力压裂裂缝形态的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(7):1243-1251.(Heng Shuai,Yang Chunhe,Zeng Yijin,et al.Experimental study on hydraulic fracture geometry of shale[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(7):1243-1251.(in Chinese))
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