MDI低密度纤维板制备工艺和性能研究
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摘要
【目的】低密度纤维板具有质量轻、吸音降噪等优点,可广泛应用于非结构用途的家具制造、建筑装饰、包装、电器设备等领域。与中密度纤维板相比,低密度纤维板具有力学性能低的缺点,使用"三醛胶"制备的低密度纤维板,力学性能难以达到要求,且甲醛释放量较大。因此,本研究选用胶合强度高、无甲醛释放的异氰酸酯(MDI)为胶黏剂,制备性能较优的MDI低密度纤维板。【方法】以纤维含水率、细纤维质量分数和热压曲线为工艺参数,通过分析各参数对板材物理力学性能的影响,得出MDI低密度纤维板较优的制备工艺。【结果】提高纤维含水率,适当延长低压作用时间,可增加表芯层密度比,从而提高静曲强度和弹性模量,但内结合强度略有下降;增加粗纤维的质量分数可有效提高静曲强度和弹性模量,内结合强度降低,吸水厚度膨胀率略有增加。本研究得出的MDI低密度纤维板较优的制备工艺为:纤维含水率16%,热压曲线C,细纤维质量分数60%。通过保温系数和甲醛释放量测定,发现MDI低密度纤维板与同等密度的保温材料相比具有较好的保温性能,甲醛释放量较低。【结论】本研究中制备的MDI低密度纤维板各项性能均可以满足LY/T 1718—2017《低密度和超低密度纤维板》中干燥状态下使用的家具型低密度纤维板的性能要求,在家具制造、保温建筑材料等领域具有广泛的应用空间。
[Objective] The low density fiberboard( LDF) has advantages of light weight,sound absorption and noise reduction,and can be widely used in the fields of furniture manufacturing materials,building decoration materials,packaging materials,electrical equipment materials,etc. Compared with medium density fiberboard,low density fiberboard has disadvantages of poor mechanical properties. Low density fiberboard prepared by melamine resin adhesive,phenolic resin adhesive or urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive is difficult to meet the requirement of the mechanical properties,and its formaldehyde emission is difficult to reach the E1 standard. Therefore,MDI low-density fiberboard with low density and excellent performance is prepared using isocyanate( MDI) with high bonding strength and formaldehydefree release as adhesive. [Method] In this study,fiber moisture content,fine fiber ratio and hot pressing curve were taken as process parameters to analyze the influence of various parameters on physical and mechanical properties of LDF,and the optimal preparation process of MDI low density fiberboard wasdeveloped. [Result] The results showed that increasing moisture content of fiber and prolonging lowpressure time can increase density ratio of surface layer to core layer,thereby increase MOR and MOE,but IB was slightly decreased; increasing the mass fraction of coarse fiber can improve MOR and MOE effectively,while IB was decreased,TS also increased slightly. The preferred preparation process of MDI low-density fiberboard obtained in this study was: 16% fiber moisture content,hot-press curve C,60%fine fiber. Through measurement of the thermal insulation coefficient and formaldehyde emission,it was found that MDI low density fiberboard had a better thermal insulation performance than the same density thermal insulation materials,and formaldehyde emission was low. [Conclusion] MDI low density fiberboard prepared in the study can meet the requirement for furniture LDF under dry condition of Low density fiberboard and ultra-low density fiberboard. So it can be used widely in furniture making and building insulation materials.
[Objective] The low density fiberboard( LDF) has advantages of light weight,sound absorption and noise reduction,and can be widely used in the fields of furniture manufacturing materials,building decoration materials,packaging materials,electrical equipment materials,etc. Compared with medium density fiberboard,low density fiberboard has disadvantages of poor mechanical properties. Low density fiberboard prepared by melamine resin adhesive,phenolic resin adhesive or urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive is difficult to meet the requirement of the mechanical properties,and its formaldehyde emission is difficult to reach the E1 standard. Therefore,MDI low-density fiberboard with low density and excellent performance is prepared using isocyanate( MDI) with high bonding strength and formaldehydefree release as adhesive. [Method] In this study,fiber moisture content,fine fiber ratio and hot pressing curve were taken as process parameters to analyze the influence of various parameters on physical and mechanical properties of LDF,and the optimal preparation process of MDI low density fiberboard wasdeveloped. [Result] The results showed that increasing moisture content of fiber and prolonging lowpressure time can increase density ratio of surface layer to core layer,thereby increase MOR and MOE,but IB was slightly decreased; increasing the mass fraction of coarse fiber can improve MOR and MOE effectively,while IB was decreased,TS also increased slightly. The preferred preparation process of MDI low-density fiberboard obtained in this study was: 16% fiber moisture content,hot-press curve C,60%fine fiber. Through measurement of the thermal insulation coefficient and formaldehyde emission,it was found that MDI low density fiberboard had a better thermal insulation performance than the same density thermal insulation materials,and formaldehyde emission was low. [Conclusion] MDI low density fiberboard prepared in the study can meet the requirement for furniture LDF under dry condition of Low density fiberboard and ultra-low density fiberboard. So it can be used widely in furniture making and building insulation materials.
引文
[1]国家林业局.低密度和超低密度纤维板:LY/T 1718—2017[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.State Forestry Administration. Low density fiberboard and ultra-low density fiberboard:LY/T 1718—2017[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2017.
[2]阴晓璐,张扬.轻质纤维板的研究现状和发展趋势[J].山东林业科技,2015,45(5):96--99.Yin X L,Zhang Y. The research status and development trend of the low-density fiberboard[J]. Journal of Shandong Forestry Science and Technology,2015,45(5):96--99.
[3]王永闽,陈建新,吴祖顺,等.连续平压法生产低密度纤维板的工艺研究[J].福建林业科技,2014,41(1):9--13,24.Wang Y M,Chen J X,Wu Z S,et al. Study on manufacturing processing of low density of fibreboard by continuous hot-press method[J]. Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology,2014,41(1):9-13,24.
[4]杨越飞,叶新强,陈祖贵.高性能低密度纤维板热压工艺研究[J].中国人造板,2014,21(6):8--10.Yang Y F,Ye X Q,Chen Z G. Hot pressing process of highperformance low density fiberboard[J]. China Wood-Based Panels,2014,21(6):8--10.
[5]王梦琦,于志明,张扬,等. Na OH活化工艺对MDI轻质纤维板性能影响的研究[J].林业实用技术,2014(5):51-54.Wang M Q,Yu Z M,Zhang Y,et al. Study on effect of Na OH activation process on the performance of MDI low density fiberboard[J]. Practical Forestry Technology,2014(5):51-54.
[6]阿伦,马岩.微米长薄片状木纤维低密度人造板的开发及应用前景[J].木材加工机械,2006,17(5):36--37.A L,Ma Y. Development of MLFB made from micro-wood fiber[J]. Wood Processing Machinery,2006,17(5):36--37.
[7] Lux J. Automatic segmentation and structural characterization of low density fibreboards[J]. Image Analysis&Stereology,2013,32(1):13--25.
[8] Xie Y Q,Tong Q J,Chen Y,et al. Manufacture and properties of ultra-low density fibreboard from wood fibre[J]. Bioresources,2011,6(4):4055-4066.
[9]张彦华,顾继友,邸明伟,等.异氰酸酯改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂的研究进展[J].粘接,2008,29(4):32--35.Zhang Y H,Gu J Y,Di M W,et al. Research progress on isocyanate-modified UF resin adhesive[J]. Adhesion in China,2008,29(4):32-35.
[10]刘厚钧.聚氨酯弹性体手册[M]. 2版.北京:化学工业出版社,2012.Liu H J. Polyurethane elastomers manual[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2012.
[11]黄元波,顾继友,郑志锋,等. DSC法研究异氰酸酯胶黏剂与高含水率木材的固化反应[J].化学与黏合,2007,29(3):154-156,160.Huang Y B,Gu J Y,Zheng Z F,et al. Study on the curing reaction between isocyanate adhesive and high-moisture content wood by DSC[J]. Chemistry and Adhesion,2007,29(3):154-156,160.
[12]张扬,于志明.工艺参数对中密度纤维板断面密度分布的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(4):118--122.Zhang Y,Yu Z M. Effects of hot-pressing parameters on vertical density profile of MDF[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2009,31(4):118--122.
[13]于赫.纤维板断面密度分布的形成机理及与力学性能关系的研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2008.Yu H. Study on the mechanism of vertical density profile of fiberboard and the relationship with mechanical properties[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2008.
[14]张扬.纤维板断面密度分布优化控制技术及力学性能预测模型[D].北京:北京林业大学,2011.Zhang Y. The optimizing cybernetic technology of vertical density profile distribution of fiberboard and its prediction model of mechanical performance[D]. Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2011.
[15]周辉,钱美丽,冯金秋,等.建筑材料热物理性能与数据手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.Zhou H,Qian M L,Feng J Q,et al. Thermal physical properties and data sheet for building materials[M]. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2010.
[16]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.民用建筑热工设计规范[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2017.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction of the People's Republic of China,General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. Code for thermal design of civil building[M]. Beijing:China Planning Press,2017.
[2]阴晓璐,张扬.轻质纤维板的研究现状和发展趋势[J].山东林业科技,2015,45(5):96--99.Yin X L,Zhang Y. The research status and development trend of the low-density fiberboard[J]. Journal of Shandong Forestry Science and Technology,2015,45(5):96--99.
[3]王永闽,陈建新,吴祖顺,等.连续平压法生产低密度纤维板的工艺研究[J].福建林业科技,2014,41(1):9--13,24.Wang Y M,Chen J X,Wu Z S,et al. Study on manufacturing processing of low density of fibreboard by continuous hot-press method[J]. Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology,2014,41(1):9-13,24.
[4]杨越飞,叶新强,陈祖贵.高性能低密度纤维板热压工艺研究[J].中国人造板,2014,21(6):8--10.Yang Y F,Ye X Q,Chen Z G. Hot pressing process of highperformance low density fiberboard[J]. China Wood-Based Panels,2014,21(6):8--10.
[5]王梦琦,于志明,张扬,等. Na OH活化工艺对MDI轻质纤维板性能影响的研究[J].林业实用技术,2014(5):51-54.Wang M Q,Yu Z M,Zhang Y,et al. Study on effect of Na OH activation process on the performance of MDI low density fiberboard[J]. Practical Forestry Technology,2014(5):51-54.
[6]阿伦,马岩.微米长薄片状木纤维低密度人造板的开发及应用前景[J].木材加工机械,2006,17(5):36--37.A L,Ma Y. Development of MLFB made from micro-wood fiber[J]. Wood Processing Machinery,2006,17(5):36--37.
[7] Lux J. Automatic segmentation and structural characterization of low density fibreboards[J]. Image Analysis&Stereology,2013,32(1):13--25.
[8] Xie Y Q,Tong Q J,Chen Y,et al. Manufacture and properties of ultra-low density fibreboard from wood fibre[J]. Bioresources,2011,6(4):4055-4066.
[9]张彦华,顾继友,邸明伟,等.异氰酸酯改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂的研究进展[J].粘接,2008,29(4):32--35.Zhang Y H,Gu J Y,Di M W,et al. Research progress on isocyanate-modified UF resin adhesive[J]. Adhesion in China,2008,29(4):32-35.
[10]刘厚钧.聚氨酯弹性体手册[M]. 2版.北京:化学工业出版社,2012.Liu H J. Polyurethane elastomers manual[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2012.
[11]黄元波,顾继友,郑志锋,等. DSC法研究异氰酸酯胶黏剂与高含水率木材的固化反应[J].化学与黏合,2007,29(3):154-156,160.Huang Y B,Gu J Y,Zheng Z F,et al. Study on the curing reaction between isocyanate adhesive and high-moisture content wood by DSC[J]. Chemistry and Adhesion,2007,29(3):154-156,160.
[12]张扬,于志明.工艺参数对中密度纤维板断面密度分布的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(4):118--122.Zhang Y,Yu Z M. Effects of hot-pressing parameters on vertical density profile of MDF[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2009,31(4):118--122.
[13]于赫.纤维板断面密度分布的形成机理及与力学性能关系的研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2008.Yu H. Study on the mechanism of vertical density profile of fiberboard and the relationship with mechanical properties[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2008.
[14]张扬.纤维板断面密度分布优化控制技术及力学性能预测模型[D].北京:北京林业大学,2011.Zhang Y. The optimizing cybernetic technology of vertical density profile distribution of fiberboard and its prediction model of mechanical performance[D]. Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2011.
[15]周辉,钱美丽,冯金秋,等.建筑材料热物理性能与数据手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.Zhou H,Qian M L,Feng J Q,et al. Thermal physical properties and data sheet for building materials[M]. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2010.
[16]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.民用建筑热工设计规范[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2017.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction of the People's Republic of China,General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. Code for thermal design of civil building[M]. Beijing:China Planning Press,2017.
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