典型长距离调水工程冬季冰凌危害调查及分析
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摘要
以某长距离调水工程为研究对象,基于原形观测资料分析渠道冬季冰情发展规律和存在的冰凌问题。介绍了渠道和建筑物布置特点、不同冬季气象特点和冬季输水运行方式,分析了流冰期、封冻期、开河期的冰情现象,不同年份和空间上的冰情分布特征,总结了长距离输水渠道冰情生消演变的基本规律。基于典型冬季渠道出现的特殊冰凌灾害,列举了冰塞、泵站前池水位下降、分水口流量降低、仪器设备读数失真、渠道衬砌冻胀等冰凌影响事件,分析了气象条件、水力条件和工程布置特点对冰凌危害出现的影响。从调度、工程措施出发,在不同冰期阶段,针对不同渠道和建筑物位置,提出集防、拦、扰、捞、排一体化的冰凌防护措施,为长距离输水工程冬季冰期安全高效运行提供技术保障。
This paper takes a long-distance water diversion project as the research object,and analyzes the ice development law and ice hazard of the channel in winter based on prototype observation data.This paper introduces the layout features of the channel and other constructions,the meteorological characteristics in winter,and the water conveyance mode in winter.It analyzes the ice phenomena in the ice drift period,freezing period,and thawing period,and the ice distribution characteristics in different years and areas.It summarizes the basic rules of ice formation and melting in the long-distance water conveyance channel.Based on the special ice hazards in typical channels in winter,this paper lists such events as ice jam,water level decrease at forebay of pumping station,flow rate decrease at diversions,distortion of instrument readings,and canal lining frost heaving.It analyzes the influence of meteorological conditions,water conditions,and projects layout characteristics on the formation of ice hazards.From the perspectives of scheduling and engineering measures,this paper puts forwards a set of protective measures covering prevention,blocking,interference,fishing,and drainage according to different channels and positions of the constructions in different ice periods.It can provide technical support for the safe and efficient operation of long-distance water diversion projects in winter.
This paper takes a long-distance water diversion project as the research object,and analyzes the ice development law and ice hazard of the channel in winter based on prototype observation data.This paper introduces the layout features of the channel and other constructions,the meteorological characteristics in winter,and the water conveyance mode in winter.It analyzes the ice phenomena in the ice drift period,freezing period,and thawing period,and the ice distribution characteristics in different years and areas.It summarizes the basic rules of ice formation and melting in the long-distance water conveyance channel.Based on the special ice hazards in typical channels in winter,this paper lists such events as ice jam,water level decrease at forebay of pumping station,flow rate decrease at diversions,distortion of instrument readings,and canal lining frost heaving.It analyzes the influence of meteorological conditions,water conditions,and projects layout characteristics on the formation of ice hazards.From the perspectives of scheduling and engineering measures,this paper puts forwards a set of protective measures covering prevention,blocking,interference,fishing,and drainage according to different channels and positions of the constructions in different ice periods.It can provide technical support for the safe and efficient operation of long-distance water diversion projects in winter.
引文
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[2]魏良琰,黄继忠.冰盖流阻力与综合Manning糙率[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2002,35(4):1-8.(WIN L Y,HUANG J Z.Ice cap flow resistance and comprehensive Manning roughness[J].Journal of Wuhan University(Engineering Edition),2002,35(4):1-8.(in Chinese))
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[4]董耀华,杨国录.大清河系观测河段及南水北调中线方案冰情计算分析[J].长江科学院院报,1999(6):13-17;(DONG Y H,YANG G L.The calculation and analysis of Daqinghe River system observation River and south to north water diversion scheme of ice[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,1999(6):13-17.(in Chinese))
[5]黄国兵,聂艳华,段文刚.南水北调中线工程主要水力学问题研究[J].长江科学院院报,2014,31(10):34-42.(HUANG G B,NIE Y H,DUAN W G.Study on the main hydraulic problems of the Middle Route Project of South to North Water Diversion Project[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2014,31(10):34-42.(in Chinese))
[6]刘孟凯,王长德,冯晓波.长距离控制渠系结冰期的水力响应分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):20-27.(LIU M K,WANG C D,FENG X B.Analysis of hydraulic response of long distance control canal system during freezing period[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(2):20-27.(in Chinese))
[7]付辉,杨开林,郭新蕾,等,基于虚拟流动法的输水明渠冰情数值模拟[J].南水北调与水利科技,2010,8(4):7-12.(FU H,YANG K L,GUO X L,et al.Numerical simulation of ice flow in water conveyance open channel based on virtual flow method[J].South-to-NorthWater Transfers and WaterScience&Technology,2010,8(4):7-12.(in Chinese))
[8]范北林,张细兵,蔺秋生.南水北调中线工程冰期输水冰情及措施研究[J].南水北调与水利科技,2008,6(1):66-69.(FAN B L,ZHANG X B,LIN Q S.Study on water transport ice and measures in the middle route of South to North Water Diversion Project during the ice period[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2008,6(1):66-69.(in Chinese))
[9]武汉大学,长江科学院.南水北调中线工程总干渠冰期输水计算分析[R].武汉:武汉大学,2005(Wuhan University,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute.Calculation and analysis of the water conveyance of the main canal in the middle route of the south to North Water Diversion Project[R].Wuhan:2005.(in Chinese))
[10]吴剑疆.河道中冰情形成演变机理分析及冰塞和水内冰数值模拟研究[D].北京:清华大学,2002.(WU J J.Analysis of the formation and evolution mechanism of ice in the river and numerical simulation of ice plug and water internal ice[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2002.(in Chinese))
[11]杨开林,刘之平,李桂芬,等.河道冰塞的模拟[J].水利水电技术,2002(10):40-47.(YANG K L,LIU Z P,LI G F,et al.Simulation of river ice jam[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2002(10):40-47.(in Chinese))
[12]王军.冰塞形成机理与冰盖下速度场和冰粒两相流模拟分析[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2007.6.(WANG J.Formation mechanism of ice plug and simulation analysis of velocity field under ice cover and two phase flow of ice particles[D].Hefei:Hefei Polytechnic University,2007.6.(in Chinese))
[13]李志军,韩明,秦建敏,等.冰厚变化的现场监测现状和研究进展[J].水科学进展,2005,16(5):753-757(LI Z J,HAN M,QIN,J M,et al.Current situation and research progress of ice thickness variation in field monitoring[J].Progress in Water Science,2005,16(5):753-757.(in Chinese))
[14]段文刚,黄国兵,杨金波,等.长距离调水明渠冬季输水冰情分析与安全调度研究[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016.14(6):96-104(DUAN W G,HUANG G B,YANG J B,et al.Analysis and safety scheduling of water transport in long distance water diversion open channel[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2016,14(6):96-104.(in Chinese))
[15]温世亿,杨金波.南水北调中线2014-2015年度冬季冰情原型观测[J].人民长江,2015,(22):99-102(WEN S Y,YANG J B.A prototype observation of the winter ice situation in the middle line of the south to North Water Transfer Project in the year 2014-2015[J].Journal of Yangtze River,2015(22):99-102.(in Chinese))
[2]魏良琰,黄继忠.冰盖流阻力与综合Manning糙率[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2002,35(4):1-8.(WIN L Y,HUANG J Z.Ice cap flow resistance and comprehensive Manning roughness[J].Journal of Wuhan University(Engineering Edition),2002,35(4):1-8.(in Chinese))
[3]严增才,吴新玲.南水北调中线工程冰期输水原型观测与冰情分析[J].河北水利,2008(4);28-29.(YAN Z L,WU X L.The prototype observation and ice situation analysis of the ice age in the middle route of the south to North Water Diversion Project in the ice period[J].Hebei Water Resources,2008(4):28-29.(in Chinese))
[4]董耀华,杨国录.大清河系观测河段及南水北调中线方案冰情计算分析[J].长江科学院院报,1999(6):13-17;(DONG Y H,YANG G L.The calculation and analysis of Daqinghe River system observation River and south to north water diversion scheme of ice[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,1999(6):13-17.(in Chinese))
[5]黄国兵,聂艳华,段文刚.南水北调中线工程主要水力学问题研究[J].长江科学院院报,2014,31(10):34-42.(HUANG G B,NIE Y H,DUAN W G.Study on the main hydraulic problems of the Middle Route Project of South to North Water Diversion Project[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2014,31(10):34-42.(in Chinese))
[6]刘孟凯,王长德,冯晓波.长距离控制渠系结冰期的水力响应分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):20-27.(LIU M K,WANG C D,FENG X B.Analysis of hydraulic response of long distance control canal system during freezing period[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(2):20-27.(in Chinese))
[7]付辉,杨开林,郭新蕾,等,基于虚拟流动法的输水明渠冰情数值模拟[J].南水北调与水利科技,2010,8(4):7-12.(FU H,YANG K L,GUO X L,et al.Numerical simulation of ice flow in water conveyance open channel based on virtual flow method[J].South-to-NorthWater Transfers and WaterScience&Technology,2010,8(4):7-12.(in Chinese))
[8]范北林,张细兵,蔺秋生.南水北调中线工程冰期输水冰情及措施研究[J].南水北调与水利科技,2008,6(1):66-69.(FAN B L,ZHANG X B,LIN Q S.Study on water transport ice and measures in the middle route of South to North Water Diversion Project during the ice period[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2008,6(1):66-69.(in Chinese))
[9]武汉大学,长江科学院.南水北调中线工程总干渠冰期输水计算分析[R].武汉:武汉大学,2005(Wuhan University,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute.Calculation and analysis of the water conveyance of the main canal in the middle route of the south to North Water Diversion Project[R].Wuhan:2005.(in Chinese))
[10]吴剑疆.河道中冰情形成演变机理分析及冰塞和水内冰数值模拟研究[D].北京:清华大学,2002.(WU J J.Analysis of the formation and evolution mechanism of ice in the river and numerical simulation of ice plug and water internal ice[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2002.(in Chinese))
[11]杨开林,刘之平,李桂芬,等.河道冰塞的模拟[J].水利水电技术,2002(10):40-47.(YANG K L,LIU Z P,LI G F,et al.Simulation of river ice jam[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2002(10):40-47.(in Chinese))
[12]王军.冰塞形成机理与冰盖下速度场和冰粒两相流模拟分析[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2007.6.(WANG J.Formation mechanism of ice plug and simulation analysis of velocity field under ice cover and two phase flow of ice particles[D].Hefei:Hefei Polytechnic University,2007.6.(in Chinese))
[13]李志军,韩明,秦建敏,等.冰厚变化的现场监测现状和研究进展[J].水科学进展,2005,16(5):753-757(LI Z J,HAN M,QIN,J M,et al.Current situation and research progress of ice thickness variation in field monitoring[J].Progress in Water Science,2005,16(5):753-757.(in Chinese))
[14]段文刚,黄国兵,杨金波,等.长距离调水明渠冬季输水冰情分析与安全调度研究[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016.14(6):96-104(DUAN W G,HUANG G B,YANG J B,et al.Analysis and safety scheduling of water transport in long distance water diversion open channel[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2016,14(6):96-104.(in Chinese))
[15]温世亿,杨金波.南水北调中线2014-2015年度冬季冰情原型观测[J].人民长江,2015,(22):99-102(WEN S Y,YANG J B.A prototype observation of the winter ice situation in the middle line of the south to North Water Transfer Project in the year 2014-2015[J].Journal of Yangtze River,2015(22):99-102.(in Chinese))
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