干旱和盐胁迫对花生干物质积累及光合特性的影响
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摘要
为明确干旱和盐胁迫对花生生长发育及光合特性的影响,以花育25为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,设置正常供水(75%田间最大持水量,CK)、中度干旱胁迫(45%田间最大持水量,D)、盐胁迫(75%田间最大持水量,土壤含盐量0. 3%,S)、旱盐胁迫(45%田间最大持水量,含盐量0. 3%,DS) 4个处理,研究开花期干旱和盐胁迫对花生光合特性和干物质积累的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,中度干旱胁迫降低了花生叶片的相对含水量、净光合速率(Pn),增加了叶片的SPAD值、光补偿点(LCP)和暗呼吸速率(Rd);盐胁迫降低了花生叶片的相对含水量、Pn和SPAD值,增加了LCP和Rd;随着胁迫时间的延长,DS处理的叶片相对含水量、Pn、SPAD值、LCP和Rd的变化趋势与盐胁迫基本一致。干旱胁迫结束复水10 d后,D处理的各项指标与CK无显著差异;但旱盐胁迫与盐胁迫间差异显著,干旱胁迫结束复水10 d时,旱盐胁迫的叶片相对含水量和Pn分别较盐胁迫降低1. 57%、16. 67%,LCP和Rd较盐胁迫分别升高78. 07%、45. 78%。旱盐胁迫降低了花生主茎高、侧枝长和植株干重的Vmax(最大生长速率)和Tm(Vmax出现时间),单株荚果产量较CK降低41. 10%。干旱和盐胁迫对花生单株产量和出米率存在显著的交互作用,旱盐互作加剧了盐胁迫对花生植株生长的危害,因此盐胁迫下种植花生应在开花期及时灌水、防止盐分和干旱双重胁迫。本试验结果为盐碱地花生种植的合理灌溉和高产稳产提供了理论指导。
In order to clarify the effects of growth and photosynthetic characteristics of peanut under drought and salt stress at flowering stage,Huayu25 was used as experimental material set up four treatment: normal water supply( CK:75% maximum field water holding capacity), moderate drought stress( D: 45% maximum field water holding capacity),salt stress( S: 75% maximum field water holding capacity and soil salinity 0. 3%),dry salt co-stress( DS:45% of the field maximum water holding capacity and 0. 3% salt content),potted experiment was carried out to study the change in peanut growth and photosynthetic characteristics due to the stress of drought and saline at flowering stage.The results indicated that comparred with CK,the relative water content,net photosynthetic rate( Pn) were reduced under D treatment and SPAD,optical compensation points( LCP) and dark respiration rate( Rd) were increased.Meanwhile,the relative water content,Pn and SPAD was decreased and LCP and Rd was augmented under S treatment.The trends of the relative water content,Pn,SPAD,LCP and Rd under the treatment of drought-salt double stress( DS)were consistent with S treatment.The indicators of D treatment had no significant difference with CK in 10 days after the rehydration,but DS treatment had significant difference with S treatment.For instance,the relative water content and Pn were decreased by 1. 57% and 16. 67%,respectively. LCP and Rd was increased 78. 07% and 45. 78%,separately. DS treatment reduced the Ⅴmaxand Tmof peanut main stem height,lateral branch length and plant dry weight.Meanwhile its yield of single plant pod was 41. 10% lower than CK.The drought stress and salt stress had significant interactive effects of the yield and kernel rate.The effects of salt stress on the growth of peanut plants were aggravated by drought.Drought was more harmful to peanut growth and yield formation under salt stress. Therefore,the peanut planting in saline-alkali land should be timely irrigated to relieve the stress of salt and drought at flowering stage.Therefore,this study provided a theoretical guidance for reasonable irrigation,high yield and stable yield for the peanut planting in saline-alkali land.
In order to clarify the effects of growth and photosynthetic characteristics of peanut under drought and salt stress at flowering stage,Huayu25 was used as experimental material set up four treatment: normal water supply( CK:75% maximum field water holding capacity), moderate drought stress( D: 45% maximum field water holding capacity),salt stress( S: 75% maximum field water holding capacity and soil salinity 0. 3%),dry salt co-stress( DS:45% of the field maximum water holding capacity and 0. 3% salt content),potted experiment was carried out to study the change in peanut growth and photosynthetic characteristics due to the stress of drought and saline at flowering stage.The results indicated that comparred with CK,the relative water content,net photosynthetic rate( Pn) were reduced under D treatment and SPAD,optical compensation points( LCP) and dark respiration rate( Rd) were increased.Meanwhile,the relative water content,Pn and SPAD was decreased and LCP and Rd was augmented under S treatment.The trends of the relative water content,Pn,SPAD,LCP and Rd under the treatment of drought-salt double stress( DS)were consistent with S treatment.The indicators of D treatment had no significant difference with CK in 10 days after the rehydration,but DS treatment had significant difference with S treatment.For instance,the relative water content and Pn were decreased by 1. 57% and 16. 67%,respectively. LCP and Rd was increased 78. 07% and 45. 78%,separately. DS treatment reduced the Ⅴmaxand Tmof peanut main stem height,lateral branch length and plant dry weight.Meanwhile its yield of single plant pod was 41. 10% lower than CK.The drought stress and salt stress had significant interactive effects of the yield and kernel rate.The effects of salt stress on the growth of peanut plants were aggravated by drought.Drought was more harmful to peanut growth and yield formation under salt stress. Therefore,the peanut planting in saline-alkali land should be timely irrigated to relieve the stress of salt and drought at flowering stage.Therefore,this study provided a theoretical guidance for reasonable irrigation,high yield and stable yield for the peanut planting in saline-alkali land.
引文
[1]万书波,我国花生产业面临的机遇与科技发展战略[J].中国农业科技导报,2009,11(1):7-12
[2]王善仙,刘宛,李培军,吴海燕.盐碱土植物改良研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(24):1-7
[3]张智猛,慈敦伟,丁红,宋文武,符方平,康涛,戴良香.花生品种耐盐性指标筛选与综合评价[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(12):3487-3494
[4]慈敦伟,戴良香,宋文武,张智猛.花生萌发至苗期耐盐胁迫的基因型差异[J].植物生态学报,2013,37(11):1018-1027
[5]王琳琳,李素艳,孙向阳,张涛,付颖,张红蕾.不同隔盐措施对滨海盐碱地土壤水盐运移及刺槐光合特性的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(5):1388-1398
[6]王渌,郭建曜,刘秀梅,马风云,朱红,马雪松,王文波.磁化水灌溉对盐渍化土壤生化性质的影响[J].核农学报,2018,32(1):150-156
[7]张智猛,戴良香,慈敦伟,杨吉顺,丁红,秦斐斐,穆国俊.种植密度和播种方式对盐碱地花生生长发育、产量及品质的影响[J].中国生态农业报,2016,24(10):1328-1338
[8]孟德云,侯林琳,杨莎,孟静静,郭峰,李新国,万书波.外源多胺对盆栽花生盐胁迫的缓解作用[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(12):1209-1215
[9]宋德彬,于君宝,王光美,韩广轩,管博,栗云召. 1961~2010年黄河三角洲湿地区年平均气温和年降水量变化特征[J].湿地科学,2016,14(2):248-253
[10] Han G,Luo Y,Li D,Xia J,Xing Q,Yu J.Ecosystem photosynthesisregulates soil respiration on a diurnal scale with a short-term time lagin a coastal wetland[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2014,68(1):85-94
[11]史晓龙,戴良香,宋文武,丁红,慈敦伟,张智猛,石书兵.施用钙肥对盐胁迫条件下花生生长发育和产量的影响[J].花生学报,2017,46(2):40-46
[12]厉广辉,万勇善,刘风珍,张昆.苗期干旱及复水条件下不同花生品种的光合特性[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(7):729-739
[13] Hsiao T C.Plant responses to water stress[J].Annual Review of PlantPhysiology,1973,24(1):519-570
[14]黎裕.作物抗旱鉴定方法与指标[J].干旱地区农业研究,1993,11(1):91-99
[15]叶子飘,于强.光合作用光响应模型的比较[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(6):1356-1361
[16] Bhagsari A S,Brown R H,Schepers J S.Effect of moisture stress onphotosynthesis and some related physiological characteristics inpeanut[J].Crop Science,1976,16(5):712-715
[17] Parida A K,Das A B,Mittra B. Effects of salt on growth,ionaccumulation,photosynthesis and leaf anatomy of the mangrove,Bruguiera parviflora[J].Trees,2004,18(2):167-174
[18]王玉才,张恒嘉,邓浩亮.不同生育期调亏滴灌对菘蓝光合特性及品质的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(9):1847-1855
[19]刁丰秋,章文华,刘友良.盐胁迫对大麦叶片类囊体膜组成和功能的影响[J].植物生理学报,1997,23(2):105-110
[20]李学孚,倪智敏,吴月燕,李美芹,刘蓉,饶慧云.盐胁迫对‘鄞红’葡萄光合特性及叶片细胞结构的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(13):4436-4444
[21]王佺珍,刘倩,高娅妮,柳旭.植物对盐碱胁迫的响应机制研究进展[J].生态学报,2017,37(16):5565-5577
[22]孙宝玉,韩广轩,陈亮,王安东,吴立新,赵敏.短期模拟增温对黄河三角洲滨海湿地芦苇光响应特征的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(1):167-176
[23]常青山,张利霞,米银法,沙晨霞,王倩丽,黄玥,赵运发,关俊超,余玉磊,韩晓鹏.外源ALA对盐胁迫下夏枯草幼苗抗氧化能力与光合特性的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(10):2055-2062
[24]杨秀艳,李焕勇,朱建峰,陈军华,刘正祥,唐晓倩,张华新.Na Cl胁迫下2种白刺光合特性适应性研究[J].核农学报,2017,31(10):2047-2054
[25] Kurban H,Saneoka H,Nehira K,Adilla R. Premachandra G S,FujitaK. Effect of salinity on growth,photosynthesis and mineralcomposition in leguminous plant Alhagi pseudoalhagi(Bieb)[J].Soil Science&Plant Nutrition,1999,45(4):851-862
[26]秦斐斐,慈敦伟.花生幼苗对重复干旱胁迫的生理响应[J].生态学报,2017,37(24):8486-8498
[27]严美玲,李向东,林英杰,王丽丽,周录英.苗期干旱胁迫对不同抗旱花生品种生理特性、产量和品质的影响[J].作物学报,2007,33(1):113-119
[28]黄玮,李志刚,乔海龙,李存桢,刘小京.旱盐互作对盐地碱蓬生长及其渗透调节物质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(1):173-178
[29]陈成升,谢志霞,刘小京.旱盐互作对冬小麦幼苗生长及其抗逆生理特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(4):811-816
[30]刘建新,王金成,王瑞娟,贾海燕.旱盐交叉胁迫对燕麦幼苗生长和渗透调节物质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,16(3):244-248
[2]王善仙,刘宛,李培军,吴海燕.盐碱土植物改良研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(24):1-7
[3]张智猛,慈敦伟,丁红,宋文武,符方平,康涛,戴良香.花生品种耐盐性指标筛选与综合评价[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(12):3487-3494
[4]慈敦伟,戴良香,宋文武,张智猛.花生萌发至苗期耐盐胁迫的基因型差异[J].植物生态学报,2013,37(11):1018-1027
[5]王琳琳,李素艳,孙向阳,张涛,付颖,张红蕾.不同隔盐措施对滨海盐碱地土壤水盐运移及刺槐光合特性的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(5):1388-1398
[6]王渌,郭建曜,刘秀梅,马风云,朱红,马雪松,王文波.磁化水灌溉对盐渍化土壤生化性质的影响[J].核农学报,2018,32(1):150-156
[7]张智猛,戴良香,慈敦伟,杨吉顺,丁红,秦斐斐,穆国俊.种植密度和播种方式对盐碱地花生生长发育、产量及品质的影响[J].中国生态农业报,2016,24(10):1328-1338
[8]孟德云,侯林琳,杨莎,孟静静,郭峰,李新国,万书波.外源多胺对盆栽花生盐胁迫的缓解作用[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(12):1209-1215
[9]宋德彬,于君宝,王光美,韩广轩,管博,栗云召. 1961~2010年黄河三角洲湿地区年平均气温和年降水量变化特征[J].湿地科学,2016,14(2):248-253
[10] Han G,Luo Y,Li D,Xia J,Xing Q,Yu J.Ecosystem photosynthesisregulates soil respiration on a diurnal scale with a short-term time lagin a coastal wetland[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2014,68(1):85-94
[11]史晓龙,戴良香,宋文武,丁红,慈敦伟,张智猛,石书兵.施用钙肥对盐胁迫条件下花生生长发育和产量的影响[J].花生学报,2017,46(2):40-46
[12]厉广辉,万勇善,刘风珍,张昆.苗期干旱及复水条件下不同花生品种的光合特性[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(7):729-739
[13] Hsiao T C.Plant responses to water stress[J].Annual Review of PlantPhysiology,1973,24(1):519-570
[14]黎裕.作物抗旱鉴定方法与指标[J].干旱地区农业研究,1993,11(1):91-99
[15]叶子飘,于强.光合作用光响应模型的比较[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(6):1356-1361
[16] Bhagsari A S,Brown R H,Schepers J S.Effect of moisture stress onphotosynthesis and some related physiological characteristics inpeanut[J].Crop Science,1976,16(5):712-715
[17] Parida A K,Das A B,Mittra B. Effects of salt on growth,ionaccumulation,photosynthesis and leaf anatomy of the mangrove,Bruguiera parviflora[J].Trees,2004,18(2):167-174
[18]王玉才,张恒嘉,邓浩亮.不同生育期调亏滴灌对菘蓝光合特性及品质的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(9):1847-1855
[19]刁丰秋,章文华,刘友良.盐胁迫对大麦叶片类囊体膜组成和功能的影响[J].植物生理学报,1997,23(2):105-110
[20]李学孚,倪智敏,吴月燕,李美芹,刘蓉,饶慧云.盐胁迫对‘鄞红’葡萄光合特性及叶片细胞结构的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(13):4436-4444
[21]王佺珍,刘倩,高娅妮,柳旭.植物对盐碱胁迫的响应机制研究进展[J].生态学报,2017,37(16):5565-5577
[22]孙宝玉,韩广轩,陈亮,王安东,吴立新,赵敏.短期模拟增温对黄河三角洲滨海湿地芦苇光响应特征的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(1):167-176
[23]常青山,张利霞,米银法,沙晨霞,王倩丽,黄玥,赵运发,关俊超,余玉磊,韩晓鹏.外源ALA对盐胁迫下夏枯草幼苗抗氧化能力与光合特性的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(10):2055-2062
[24]杨秀艳,李焕勇,朱建峰,陈军华,刘正祥,唐晓倩,张华新.Na Cl胁迫下2种白刺光合特性适应性研究[J].核农学报,2017,31(10):2047-2054
[25] Kurban H,Saneoka H,Nehira K,Adilla R. Premachandra G S,FujitaK. Effect of salinity on growth,photosynthesis and mineralcomposition in leguminous plant Alhagi pseudoalhagi(Bieb)[J].Soil Science&Plant Nutrition,1999,45(4):851-862
[26]秦斐斐,慈敦伟.花生幼苗对重复干旱胁迫的生理响应[J].生态学报,2017,37(24):8486-8498
[27]严美玲,李向东,林英杰,王丽丽,周录英.苗期干旱胁迫对不同抗旱花生品种生理特性、产量和品质的影响[J].作物学报,2007,33(1):113-119
[28]黄玮,李志刚,乔海龙,李存桢,刘小京.旱盐互作对盐地碱蓬生长及其渗透调节物质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(1):173-178
[29]陈成升,谢志霞,刘小京.旱盐互作对冬小麦幼苗生长及其抗逆生理特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(4):811-816
[30]刘建新,王金成,王瑞娟,贾海燕.旱盐交叉胁迫对燕麦幼苗生长和渗透调节物质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,16(3):244-248
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