体外产气法评定膨化微贮玉米秸秆的营养价值
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摘要
试验旨在对膨化微贮、黄贮、常规玉米秸秆的体外降解参数进行测定,对膨化微贮、黄贮、常规玉米秸秆的营养价值进行评定。选用三头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的草原红牛作为瘤胃液的供体,采用体外产气法测定膨化微贮、黄贮、常规玉米秸秆体外培养24 h的产气量(GP)、发酵液的pH、氨态氮浓度(NH3-N)、微生物蛋白浓度(MCP)及挥发性脂肪酸含量(VFA)。结果表明:三种玉米秸秆体外发酵的pH、氨态氮浓度、挥发性脂肪酸的含量没有显著差异(P>0.05),但膨化微贮玉米秸秆的产气量>黄贮玉米秸秆>常规玉米秸秆(P<0.05),膨化微贮玉米秸秆的24 h体外发酵的微生物蛋白浓度显著高于常规玉米秸秆(P<0.05),膨化微贮玉米秸秆的乙酸/丙酸显著高于常规玉米秸秆(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,膨化微贮玉米秸秆的营养价值大于黄贮玉米秸秆,黄贮玉米秸秆大于常规玉米秸秆。
This experiment was conducted to determine the ruminal environmental parameters of expan?sional and microbial corn stover silage,corn stover silage and corn stover,and evaluate the nutritive values of them.Three grassland red bulls fitted with permanent rumen fistulas were selected as the provider of rumen flu?id.The results were as follows:the pH,ammonia nitrogen,volatile fatty acid of these three corn stover silage had no significant differences(P>0.05).However,the gas production showed an order of expansional and microbial corn stover silage > corn stover silage > corn stover,with significant differences among them(P<0.05).The mi?crobial protein and acetic acid/propionic acid of expansional and microbial corn stover silage were higher than those of corn stover(P<0.05).This study showed that the nutritive value ranked as expansional and microbial corn stover silage > corn stover silage > corn sover.
This experiment was conducted to determine the ruminal environmental parameters of expan?sional and microbial corn stover silage,corn stover silage and corn stover,and evaluate the nutritive values of them.Three grassland red bulls fitted with permanent rumen fistulas were selected as the provider of rumen flu?id.The results were as follows:the pH,ammonia nitrogen,volatile fatty acid of these three corn stover silage had no significant differences(P>0.05).However,the gas production showed an order of expansional and microbial corn stover silage > corn stover silage > corn stover,with significant differences among them(P<0.05).The mi?crobial protein and acetic acid/propionic acid of expansional and microbial corn stover silage were higher than those of corn stover(P<0.05).This study showed that the nutritive value ranked as expansional and microbial corn stover silage > corn stover silage > corn sover.
引文
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[13]李满双,薛树媛,王超,等.体外产气法研究沙柳混合发酵饲料对绵羊瘤胃内环境参数的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(6):1943-1953.Li M S,Xue S Y,Wang C,et al.Effects of salix mixed fermented feed on ruminal environmental parameters by in vitro gasproduction method[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(6):1943-1953.
[14]张桂杰,罗海玲,张英俊,等.应用体外产气与活体外消化率法评定盛花期白三叶牧草营养价值[J].中国农业大学学报,2010,15(2):53-58.Zhang G J,Luo H L,Zhang Y J,et al.Evaluation of white clover’s nutrition value by in vitro gas production and in Vitro di?gestibility[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2010,15(2):53-58.
[15]李文娟,王世琴,马涛,等.体外产气法评定甘蔗副产物作为草食动物饲料的营养价值[J].饲料研究,2016(18):16-22.Li W J,Wang S Q,Ma T,et al.Evaluation of nutritive value of sugarcane by-products as herbivore feed by gas productionmethod in vitro[J].Feed Research,2016(18):16-22.
[16]寇巍,赵勇,闫昌国,等.膨化预处理玉米秸秆提高还原糖酶解产率的效果[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(11):265-269.Kou W,Zhao Y,Yan C G,et al.Corn straw expansion pretreatment to improve enzymolysis reducing sugar yield[J].Transac?tions of the CSAE,2010,26(11):265-269.
[17]徐俊,侯玉洁,赵国琦,等.不同蛋白和中性洗涤纤维水平对瘤胃发酵、消化和微生物蛋白合成的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(7):43-48.Xu J,Hou Y J,Zhao G Q,et al.Effect of different dietary levels of protein and NDF on the ruminal fermentation digestibilityand microbial protein synthesis in vitro[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2013,49(7):43-48.
[18]王潍波,赵国琦,郭熠洁.体外条件下葡萄糖处理大豆粕对瘤胃内环境参数的影响[J].饲料工业,2009,30(17):34-37.Wang W B,Zhao G Q,Guo Y J.Effects of glucose treatment on rumen environmental parameters in vitro[J].Feed Industry,2009,30(17):34-37.
[19]李妍,韩肖敏,李建国,等.体外法评价玉米秸秆、谷草和玉米秸秆青贮饲料组合效应研究[J].草业学报,2017,26(5):213-223.Li Y,Han X M,Li J G,et al.Associative effects of corn stalk,millet straw,and corn stalk on silage digestibility in Vitro[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(5):213-223.
[20]李德勇,和立文,张民哲,等.体外产气法评价汽爆处理对秸秆营养价值的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015(s1):62-65.Li D Y,He L W,Zhang M Z,et al.Effect of steam explosion treatment on nutrient value of straw by gas production method invitro[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2015(s1):62-65.
[21]韩雅慧.不同乳酸菌对低温下黄贮玉米秸秆发酵品质及饲料特性的影响[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2016.Han Y H.Effects of different lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality and feed characteristics of yellow stored corn stalksunder low temperature[D].Daqing:Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,2016.
[22]韩肖敏,曹玉凤,李秋凤,等.用体外产气法评价玉米秸秆、稻草、玉米秸秆青贮与精料的组合效应[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(2):699-711.Han X M,Cao Y F,Li Q F,et al.Associative effects of corn stalk,rice straw,corn stalk silage and concentrate evaluated bygas production technique in vitro[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(2):699-711.
[23]邹彩霞,杨炳壮,罗荣太,等.应用体外产气法评定广西区内3种臂形草和2种坚尼草的营养价值[J].饲料工业,2011,32(19):45-48.Zou C X.Yang B Z,Luo R T,et al.Evaluation of nutritional value of 3 species of brachial grass and 2 species of Kennedygrass in Guangxi area by gas production method in vitro[J].Feed Industry,2011,32(19):45-48.
[24]崔树和.膨化玉米秸秆发酵饲料对延边黄牛生产性能的影响研究[D].延吉:延边大学,2016.Cui S H.Effects of puffed corn straw fermentation feed on the production performance of yanbian yellow cattle[D].Yanji:Yanbian University,2016.
[2]张立霞,屠焰,李艳玲,等.不同微生物菌株及其组合处理对玉米秸秆瘤胃降解率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(8):2433-2444.Zhang L X,Tu Y,Li Y L,et al.Effects of different microbes and their combinations on rumen degradation rate of corn stalk[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2014,26(8):2433-2444.
[3]左旭,王红彦,王亚静,等.中国玉米秸秆资源量估算及其自然适宜性评价[J].中国农业资源与区划,2015,36(6):5-10.Zuo X,Wang H Y,Wang Y J,et al.Estimation and suitability evaluation of corn straw resources in China[J].Chinese Jour?nal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2015,36(6):5-10.
[4]马秋颖,王智,徐道清,等.玉米秸秆收贮高效资源化利用模式分析[J].作物学报,2017,43(8):1190-1195.Ma Q Y,Wang Z,Xu D Q,et al.Analysis of high efficiency resource utilization pattern of corn straw[J].Acta Agronomica Si?nica,2017,43(8):1190-1195.
[5]曹红梅,刘文文.玉米秸秆生物发酵饲料的最新研究进展[J].中国饲料,2016(15):24-27.Cao H M,Liu W W.The latest development of corn stalk fermentation feed[J].China Feed,2016(15):24-27.
[6]Alvira P,Tomás-PejóE,Ballesteros M,et al.Pretreatment technologies for an efficient bioethanol production process basedon enzymatic hydrolysis:a review[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(13):4851-61.
[7]Wan C X,Li Y B.Microbial delignification of corn stover by Ceripori-opsis subvermispora for improving cellulose digestibili?ty[J].Enzyme and Microbial Technology,2010,47(1):31-36.
[8]Neves L,Ribeiro R,Oliveira R,et al.Enhancement of methane production from barley waste[J].Biomass Bioenergy,2006,30(6):599-603.
[9]陈帅.膨化秸秆生物发酵饲料对辽育白牛血液生化指标、免疫指标及胃肠道菌群影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017.Chen S.Effect of expanded corn straw biological fermentation feed on serum biochemical index、immune index and gastroin?testinal bacteria in group[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2017.
[10]Menke K.Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen flu?id[J].Anim Res Dev,1988:28.
[11]冯宗慈,高民.通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2010(6):40-41.Feng Z C,Gao M.Improvement of colorimetric determination of ammonia nitrogen content in rumen fluid[J].Animal Hus?bandry and Feed Science,2010(6):40-41.
[12]Wang M Z,Wang H R,Cao H C,et al.Effects of limiting amino acids on rumen fermentation and microbial community in vi?tro[J].Agricultural Sciences in China,2008,7(12):1524-1531.
[13]李满双,薛树媛,王超,等.体外产气法研究沙柳混合发酵饲料对绵羊瘤胃内环境参数的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(6):1943-1953.Li M S,Xue S Y,Wang C,et al.Effects of salix mixed fermented feed on ruminal environmental parameters by in vitro gasproduction method[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(6):1943-1953.
[14]张桂杰,罗海玲,张英俊,等.应用体外产气与活体外消化率法评定盛花期白三叶牧草营养价值[J].中国农业大学学报,2010,15(2):53-58.Zhang G J,Luo H L,Zhang Y J,et al.Evaluation of white clover’s nutrition value by in vitro gas production and in Vitro di?gestibility[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2010,15(2):53-58.
[15]李文娟,王世琴,马涛,等.体外产气法评定甘蔗副产物作为草食动物饲料的营养价值[J].饲料研究,2016(18):16-22.Li W J,Wang S Q,Ma T,et al.Evaluation of nutritive value of sugarcane by-products as herbivore feed by gas productionmethod in vitro[J].Feed Research,2016(18):16-22.
[16]寇巍,赵勇,闫昌国,等.膨化预处理玉米秸秆提高还原糖酶解产率的效果[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(11):265-269.Kou W,Zhao Y,Yan C G,et al.Corn straw expansion pretreatment to improve enzymolysis reducing sugar yield[J].Transac?tions of the CSAE,2010,26(11):265-269.
[17]徐俊,侯玉洁,赵国琦,等.不同蛋白和中性洗涤纤维水平对瘤胃发酵、消化和微生物蛋白合成的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(7):43-48.Xu J,Hou Y J,Zhao G Q,et al.Effect of different dietary levels of protein and NDF on the ruminal fermentation digestibilityand microbial protein synthesis in vitro[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2013,49(7):43-48.
[18]王潍波,赵国琦,郭熠洁.体外条件下葡萄糖处理大豆粕对瘤胃内环境参数的影响[J].饲料工业,2009,30(17):34-37.Wang W B,Zhao G Q,Guo Y J.Effects of glucose treatment on rumen environmental parameters in vitro[J].Feed Industry,2009,30(17):34-37.
[19]李妍,韩肖敏,李建国,等.体外法评价玉米秸秆、谷草和玉米秸秆青贮饲料组合效应研究[J].草业学报,2017,26(5):213-223.Li Y,Han X M,Li J G,et al.Associative effects of corn stalk,millet straw,and corn stalk on silage digestibility in Vitro[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(5):213-223.
[20]李德勇,和立文,张民哲,等.体外产气法评价汽爆处理对秸秆营养价值的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015(s1):62-65.Li D Y,He L W,Zhang M Z,et al.Effect of steam explosion treatment on nutrient value of straw by gas production method invitro[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2015(s1):62-65.
[21]韩雅慧.不同乳酸菌对低温下黄贮玉米秸秆发酵品质及饲料特性的影响[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2016.Han Y H.Effects of different lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality and feed characteristics of yellow stored corn stalksunder low temperature[D].Daqing:Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,2016.
[22]韩肖敏,曹玉凤,李秋凤,等.用体外产气法评价玉米秸秆、稻草、玉米秸秆青贮与精料的组合效应[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(2):699-711.Han X M,Cao Y F,Li Q F,et al.Associative effects of corn stalk,rice straw,corn stalk silage and concentrate evaluated bygas production technique in vitro[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(2):699-711.
[23]邹彩霞,杨炳壮,罗荣太,等.应用体外产气法评定广西区内3种臂形草和2种坚尼草的营养价值[J].饲料工业,2011,32(19):45-48.Zou C X.Yang B Z,Luo R T,et al.Evaluation of nutritional value of 3 species of brachial grass and 2 species of Kennedygrass in Guangxi area by gas production method in vitro[J].Feed Industry,2011,32(19):45-48.
[24]崔树和.膨化玉米秸秆发酵饲料对延边黄牛生产性能的影响研究[D].延吉:延边大学,2016.Cui S H.Effects of puffed corn straw fermentation feed on the production performance of yanbian yellow cattle[D].Yanji:Yanbian University,2016.