东北地区日光温室冬季能量分配模型的建立
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摘要
科学地把握日光温室内的能量转化及消耗,对于优化温室结构,建立合理的温室管理策略有着重要的理论价值与实际应用价值。以东北地区较为典型的日光温室作为试验温室,对温室内外的温度和光照等环境因子进行实时监测,充分考虑植物蒸腾作用的影响,将照射到温室前屋面、后墙、后坡、番茄群体、土壤各部分表面的太阳辐射能作为入射能量,建立温室内各表面能量分配模型,对比分析温室内各种能耗途径日变化规律及不同月份的能量消耗情况。结果表明:通过分析温室前屋面、后墙、后坡、番茄群体、土壤各部分表面温度的预测值(y)与实测值(x),计算回归方程分别为y=0.9269x+1.5101、y=0.8609x+1.4668、y=1.0469x-0.195、y=1.2582x-2.5613和y=0.9675x+1.105;决定系数R2分别为0.8993,0.9340,0.9598,0.9273,0.8148。可见,各部分预测结果与实测结果符合度较好,模型能较准确的模拟出温室内各部分结构的能量流动情况。探究不同月份温室能量消耗情况,在沈阳地区10月和11月,日光温室能耗途径中潜热能耗占主要部分,但在沈阳地区最为寒冷的12月,白天潜热能耗可以降低,日光温室的传热能量损失变为主要部分,尤其是前屋面的传热能耗是日光温室传热能耗最为薄弱部分。冬季日光温室夜间能量消耗途径中传热能耗占主要部分,其次为冷风渗透能量消耗,土壤在日光温室夜间起到室内保温作用。本研究建立的日光温室冬季能量分配模型能够较准确地预测东北地区日光温室冬季能量分配情况,可应用于实际生产管理之中,对温室每日能量消耗进行精准模拟监控,为作物生产管理提供理论依据。
Scientific grasp of energy conversion and consumption in solar greenhouse has important theoretical value and practical application value for optimizing greenhouse structure and establishing reasonable greenhouse management strategy. Taking the typical solar greenhouse in Northeast China as the experimental greenhouse, the environmental factors such as temperature and light inside and outside the greenhouse were monitored in real time, and the influence of plant transpiration was fully taken into account. The solar radiation energy irradiated on the front roof, back wall, back slope, tomato population and the surface of various parts of the soil in greenhouse was taken as the incident energy. The energy distribution model of each surface in greenhouse was established, and the diurnal variation of energy consumption in greenhouse and the energy consumption in different months were compared and analyzed. The results showed that by analyzing the predicted value(y) and measured value(x)of surface temperature of greenhouse front roof, back wall, back slope, tomato population and soil parts, the regression equations were y =0.9269 x +1.5101, y =0.8609 x +1.4668, y =1.0469x-0.195, y =1.2582x-2.5613 and y =0.9675 x +1.105, respectively, and the determinant coefficients were 0.8993, 0.9340, 0.9598, 0.9273 and 0.8148. The predicted results of each part were in good agreement with the measured results, and the model could accurately simulate the energy flow of each part of the greenhouse structure. To explore the energy consumption of greenhouse in different months, latent heat consumption accounts for the main part of energy consumption in Solar Greenhouse in October and November of winter in Shenyang. However, in the coldest December in Shenyang, the energy consumption of latent heat in daytime could be reduced, and the heat loss of solargreenhouse became the main part, especially the transmission of front roof. Thermal energy consumption was the weakest part of heat transfer in solar greenhouse. In winter, the energy consumption of heat transfer accounted for the main part of the energy consumption at night in solar greenhouse, followed by the energy consumption of cold air infiltration. Soil played an indoor heat preservation role at night in solar greenhouse. The energy allocation model of solar greenhouse established in this study could accurately predict the energy allocation of solar greenhouse in winter in Northeast China. It can be applied to actual production management, simulate and monitor accurately the daily energy consumption of greenhouse, and provide theoretical basis for crop production management.
Scientific grasp of energy conversion and consumption in solar greenhouse has important theoretical value and practical application value for optimizing greenhouse structure and establishing reasonable greenhouse management strategy. Taking the typical solar greenhouse in Northeast China as the experimental greenhouse, the environmental factors such as temperature and light inside and outside the greenhouse were monitored in real time, and the influence of plant transpiration was fully taken into account. The solar radiation energy irradiated on the front roof, back wall, back slope, tomato population and the surface of various parts of the soil in greenhouse was taken as the incident energy. The energy distribution model of each surface in greenhouse was established, and the diurnal variation of energy consumption in greenhouse and the energy consumption in different months were compared and analyzed. The results showed that by analyzing the predicted value(y) and measured value(x)of surface temperature of greenhouse front roof, back wall, back slope, tomato population and soil parts, the regression equations were y =0.9269 x +1.5101, y =0.8609 x +1.4668, y =1.0469x-0.195, y =1.2582x-2.5613 and y =0.9675 x +1.105, respectively, and the determinant coefficients were 0.8993, 0.9340, 0.9598, 0.9273 and 0.8148. The predicted results of each part were in good agreement with the measured results, and the model could accurately simulate the energy flow of each part of the greenhouse structure. To explore the energy consumption of greenhouse in different months, latent heat consumption accounts for the main part of energy consumption in Solar Greenhouse in October and November of winter in Shenyang. However, in the coldest December in Shenyang, the energy consumption of latent heat in daytime could be reduced, and the heat loss of solargreenhouse became the main part, especially the transmission of front roof. Thermal energy consumption was the weakest part of heat transfer in solar greenhouse. In winter, the energy consumption of heat transfer accounted for the main part of the energy consumption at night in solar greenhouse, followed by the energy consumption of cold air infiltration. Soil played an indoor heat preservation role at night in solar greenhouse. The energy allocation model of solar greenhouse established in this study could accurately predict the energy allocation of solar greenhouse in winter in Northeast China. It can be applied to actual production management, simulate and monitor accurately the daily energy consumption of greenhouse, and provide theoretical basis for crop production management.
引文
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[14]毕玉革,徐轶群.北方干寒地区日光温室太阳辐射预测模型构建[J].内蒙古大学学报2010,12(12):11-18.
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[19]倪纪恒.温室番茄生产发育模拟模型研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2005.
[20] HE K N,TIAN Y,ZHANG G Z.Simulation of the transpiration process of locust Penman-Monteith equation[J].Journal of ecology,2003,23(2):251-258.
[21]刘浩,段爱旺,孙景生,等.基于Penman-Monteith方程的日光温室番茄蒸腾量估算模型[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(9):208-213.
[22] LOVELLI S,PERNIOLA M,ARCIERI M,et al.Water use assessment in muskmelon by the Penman-Monteith “one-step”[J].Agricultural Water Management,2008,95:1153-1160.
[23] THOM A S,OLIVER H R.On Penman′s equation for estimating regional evaporation[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1997,103:345-357.
[24] GATES DM.The Energy environment in which we live[J].Amer Sci,1963,51:327-348.
[25]杜军,王怀彬,杨励丹.温室热平衡计算及经济性分析[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2000(2):132-134.
[26] LUO W H,WANG X C.Transpiration measurement and simulation of cucumber in a modern greenhouse in South China[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2004,28(1):59-65.
[27]王谦.日光温室番茄光温环境和传热研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2007.
[2]刘洪,郭文利,李慧君.北京地区日光温室光环境模拟及分析[J].应用气象学报,2008(3):350-355.
[3] KLEIBER M,DOUGHENTY J E.The influence of environmental temperature on the utilization of food energy in baby chicks[J].J Gen Physiol,1934,17:701-726.
[4]裴道好,杨再强,张静,等.苏北地区日光温室能量分配动态研究[J].中国农学通报,2012(7):232-237.
[5] RANG Q.Effect of convection on the Penman-Monteith model estimates of transpiration of hot pepper grown in solar greenhouse[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2013,160:163-171.
[6]李兆力.温室微气候数学建模与动态模拟[D].天津:天津大学,2004.
[7]孟力力,杨其长,GERARD P等.日光温室热环境模拟模型的构建[J].农业工程学报,2009(1):164-170.
[8]孟力力,杨其长,闻婧,等.MATLAB和VB在温室环境模型构建中的混合编程研究[J].中国农学通报,2012(6):262-268.
[9]王兰,陈佩寒,李敏霞.日光温室微气候模拟研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,24:13398-13399.
[10] BERROUG F,LAKHAL E K,OMARI M,et al.Numerical study of greenhouse nocturnal heat losses[J].Journal of Thermal Science,2011,20(4):377-384.
[11]刘玉凤.不同跨度日光温室性能的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[12]徐凡,马承伟,曲梅,等.华北五省区日光温室微气候环境调查与评价[J].中国农业气象,2014(1):17-25.
[13]颜廷武,邢兆凯,尤文忠,等.辽宁冰砬山长白落叶松林能量平衡和蒸散的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2009,40(4):449-452.
[14]毕玉革,徐轶群.北方干寒地区日光温室太阳辐射预测模型构建[J].内蒙古大学学报2010,12(12):11-18.
[15]曹卫星,罗卫红.作物系统模拟及智能管理[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003.
[16] JOHN D,WILLIAM B.Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,Inc,1980:62-98.
[17]康绍忠,刘晓明,熊运章.土壤-植物-大气连续体水分传输理论及其应用[M].北京:中国水利电力出版社,1994:122-147.
[18]康绍忠,熊运章,刘晓明.用彭曼—蒙特斯模式估算作物蒸腾量的研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),1991(1):13-20.
[19]倪纪恒.温室番茄生产发育模拟模型研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2005.
[20] HE K N,TIAN Y,ZHANG G Z.Simulation of the transpiration process of locust Penman-Monteith equation[J].Journal of ecology,2003,23(2):251-258.
[21]刘浩,段爱旺,孙景生,等.基于Penman-Monteith方程的日光温室番茄蒸腾量估算模型[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(9):208-213.
[22] LOVELLI S,PERNIOLA M,ARCIERI M,et al.Water use assessment in muskmelon by the Penman-Monteith “one-step”[J].Agricultural Water Management,2008,95:1153-1160.
[23] THOM A S,OLIVER H R.On Penman′s equation for estimating regional evaporation[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1997,103:345-357.
[24] GATES DM.The Energy environment in which we live[J].Amer Sci,1963,51:327-348.
[25]杜军,王怀彬,杨励丹.温室热平衡计算及经济性分析[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2000(2):132-134.
[26] LUO W H,WANG X C.Transpiration measurement and simulation of cucumber in a modern greenhouse in South China[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2004,28(1):59-65.
[27]王谦.日光温室番茄光温环境和传热研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2007.
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