基于河道生态基流保障的灌区农业补偿机制研究——以渭河干流宝鸡段为例
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摘要
针对非汛期河道生态基流保障引起的农业灌溉用水短缺问题,定量计算其对灌区农业造成的直接经济损失和间接社会影响,并从补偿主客体、补偿额度与补偿标准、补偿方式等方面进行探讨,从而构建相应的生态补偿机制。以保障渭河干流宝鸡段河道生态基流进行实例研究,结果表明:基于生态基流保障的灌区农业损失(农业生产损失、社会保障影响和社会稳定影响)可以作为不同生态基流调控值下的生态补偿额度;渭河干流宝鸡段河道生态基流保障补偿的主体为陕西省政府、宝鸡市和咸阳市政府,客体为灌区受损农户;基于灌区农业总损失的补偿标准在3.93～9.94元·m~(-3)之间;提出资金补偿、政策补偿和项目补偿三种补偿方式,具体实践中可以通过建立农业生态补偿资金、给予农业优惠政策、加大农田水利设施建设等方式来实施,以促进灌区农业的可持续发展。
Due to the shortage of water for agricultural irrigation in non-flood seasons caused by river flow protection for basic ecological demand,we quantitatively studied the direct economic losses and indirect social impacts on agricultural production in the irrigation district,and also investigated responsible body,object,quota,standard,and means of the compensation in order to establish rational ecological compensation mechanism. The Baoji section of the Weihe river was taken as an example. The results showed that the agricultural losses including agricultural production losses and social security and stability impacts in the irrigation district due to the ecological basic flow protection can be considered as an ecological compensation. The main body for providing compensation were Shaanxi provincial government,Baoji and Xianyang municipal governments. The receivers of the compensation were farmers impacted in the irrigation district. The compensation standard based on the total losses of irrigation district was between 3.93 and 9.94 yuan·m~(-3) water. In order to promote the sustainable development in the irrigation district,three types of compensation methods,cash compensation,policy compensation,and project compensation,were established.The specific practice were carried out by establishing agricultural ecological compensation funds,giving preferential agricultural policy,and increasing the investment in irrigation infrastructure and water conservancy facilities,etc.
Due to the shortage of water for agricultural irrigation in non-flood seasons caused by river flow protection for basic ecological demand,we quantitatively studied the direct economic losses and indirect social impacts on agricultural production in the irrigation district,and also investigated responsible body,object,quota,standard,and means of the compensation in order to establish rational ecological compensation mechanism. The Baoji section of the Weihe river was taken as an example. The results showed that the agricultural losses including agricultural production losses and social security and stability impacts in the irrigation district due to the ecological basic flow protection can be considered as an ecological compensation. The main body for providing compensation were Shaanxi provincial government,Baoji and Xianyang municipal governments. The receivers of the compensation were farmers impacted in the irrigation district. The compensation standard based on the total losses of irrigation district was between 3.93 and 9.94 yuan·m~(-3) water. In order to promote the sustainable development in the irrigation district,three types of compensation methods,cash compensation,policy compensation,and project compensation,were established.The specific practice were carried out by establishing agricultural ecological compensation funds,giving preferential agricultural policy,and increasing the investment in irrigation infrastructure and water conservancy facilities,etc.
引文
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[22]吴建民.陕西省渭河流域综合治理规划简介[C]∥全球水伙伴中国陕西省小伙伴协会成立大会暨水论坛论文集.西安:陕西省水伙伴协会,2004.
[23]王寿茂,刘贵雄.从魏家堡水电站建设看业主的主导作用[J].水利水电技术,2000,31(9):31-33.
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[26]成波.基于河道生态基流保障的经济损失补偿量研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2017.
[27]陕西省统计局.陕西统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2000-2014.
[28]郑海霞,张陆彪.流域生态服务补偿定量标准研究[J].环境保护,2006(1a):42-46.
[29]崔琰.黑河流域生态补偿机制研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2010.
[30]李怀恩,黄文菁,岳思羽.基于模糊数学模型的河道生态基流价值计算[J].生态经济,2016,32(5):186-190.
[31]徐梅梅,李怀恩,成波.河道生态基流价值的估算与比较[J].西安理工大学学报,2016,32(3):359-363.
[32]王修林,李克强.渤海主要化学污染物海洋环境容量[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[2]李怀恩,岳思羽,赵宇.河道生态基流价值研究进展[J].水利经济,2015,33(4):6-9.
[3]高凡,黄强,张洪波.基于河道生态基流保障的渭河宝鸡段水资源调控研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(6):149-154.
[4]林启才,李怀恩.宝鸡峡引水对渭河生态基流的影响及其保障研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(11):114-119.
[5]周洋,周孝德,张新华.渭河宝鸡段生态基流保障研究[J].水力发电学报,2012,31(5):56-62.
[6]朱磊,李怀恩,李家科,等.渭河关中段生态基流保障的水质水量响应关系研究[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(3):885-892.
[7]王宏杰.保障渭河生态基流的宝鸡峡灌区节水调控技术研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.
[8]张倩,李怀恩.渭河关中段生态基流保障对灌区的影响及补偿研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2016,27(6):227-231.
[9]陈军,谭显英,陈祖军.太湖流域省际边界河湖治理生态补偿机制研究[J].水资源保护,2012,28(2):85-90.
[10] Qureshi M E,Connor J,Kirby M,et al. Economic assessment of ac-quiring water for environmental flows in the Murray Basin[J]. Aus-tralian Journal of Agricultural&Resource Economics,2007,51(3):283-303.
[11] Sisto N P. Environmental flows for rivers and economic compensationfor irrigators[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2009,90(2):1236-40.
[12] Malano H M,Davidson B,Tardieu H,et al. A framework for assess-ing the trade-offs between economic and environmental uses of waterin a river basin[J]. Irrigation&Drainage,2010,58(S1):S133-S147.
[13] Jones R, Crean J, Aluwihare P, et al. Economic cost ofenvironmental flows in an unregulated river system[J]. AustralianJournal of Agricultural&Resource Economics,2010,51(3):305-321.
[14]庞爱萍,孙涛.基于生态需水保障的农业生态补偿标准[J].生态学报,2012,32(8):2550-2560.
[15]罗万云,卢玉文,陈亚宁.基于保证生态需水的生态补偿标准研究———以塔里木河干流为例[J].节水灌溉,2016(5):71-74.
[16]林启才.渭河关中段生态基流诊断与价值研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2013.
[17]李怀恩,岳思羽.河道生态基流的功能及价值研究———以渭河宝鸡段为例[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(11):64-73.
[18]孙新章,周海林,谢高地.中国农田生态系统的服务功能及其经济价值[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2007,17(4):55-60.
[19]任平,吴涛,周介铭.耕地资源非农化价值损失评价模型与补偿机制研究[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(4):786-795.
[20]杨涛.渭河宝鸡市区段生态基流及调控初步研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2008.
[21]徐宗学,彭定志,庞博,等.河道生态基流理论基础与计算方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[22]吴建民.陕西省渭河流域综合治理规划简介[C]∥全球水伙伴中国陕西省小伙伴协会成立大会暨水论坛论文集.西安:陕西省水伙伴协会,2004.
[23]王寿茂,刘贵雄.从魏家堡水电站建设看业主的主导作用[J].水利水电技术,2000,31(9):31-33.
[24]张亚平.陕西水问题研究[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2008.
[25]张丽,魏晓妹,赵凤伟,等.宝鸡峡灌区农田灌溉水量供需平衡分析[J].人民黄河,2007,29(4):46-48.
[26]成波.基于河道生态基流保障的经济损失补偿量研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2017.
[27]陕西省统计局.陕西统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2000-2014.
[28]郑海霞,张陆彪.流域生态服务补偿定量标准研究[J].环境保护,2006(1a):42-46.
[29]崔琰.黑河流域生态补偿机制研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2010.
[30]李怀恩,黄文菁,岳思羽.基于模糊数学模型的河道生态基流价值计算[J].生态经济,2016,32(5):186-190.
[31]徐梅梅,李怀恩,成波.河道生态基流价值的估算与比较[J].西安理工大学学报,2016,32(3):359-363.
[32]王修林,李克强.渤海主要化学污染物海洋环境容量[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
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