甘肃省五类职业人群健康素养水平及影响因素
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摘要
[目的]了解甘肃省公务员、教师、医务人员、事业单位职工及企业职工这五类职业人群的健康素养水平及其影响因素,为今后开展健康教育工作提供科学依据。[方法] 2016年11月至2017年2月,采用多阶段随机抽样方法在甘肃省各县(市)抽取18～69岁常住居民,收集一般人口学资料,采用《2016年全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷》了解调查对象的健康素养水平,计算健康素养具备率(具备健康素养是指问卷得分达总分的80%及以上)。采用Rao-Scott调整卡方检验比较健康素养水平,logistic回归分析健康素养的影响因素。[结果]本研究调查的五类职业人群共2 031人,其中公务员294人,教师324人,医务人员177人,事业单位职工496人,企业职工740人。调查对象总体健康素养具备率为17.67%,各职业人群的健康素养具备率由高到低依次是医务人员(30.77%)、教师(24.21%)、公务员(17.56%)、事业单位职工(16.16%)、企业职工(12.44%),五类人群健康素养具备率差异有统计学意义(χ2=31.33,P <0.01)。logistic回归分析结果显示,性别[女性vs男性,OR及95%CI为1.32(1.03～1.69)]、民族[少数民族vs汉族,OR及95%CI为0.46(0.30～0.70)]以及文化程度[大专及以上vs小学及以下,OR及95%CI为4.48(2.09～9.59)]是五类职业人群健康素养的影响因素。[结论]甘肃省五类职业人群的总体健康素养水平有待进一步提高,各职业人群在各维度的具备率上存在差异。今后的健康教育工作中应高度关注各职业特征,有针对性地开展工作。
[Objective] To analyze the levels and influencing factors of health literacy in civil servants, teachers, medical staff, public institution employees, and enterprise workers in Gansu Province, and provide scientific evidence for developing health education programs. [Methods] From November 2016 to February 2017, a multi-stage random sampling method was adopted to select permanent residents aged 18-69 from counties(cities) of Gansu Province.General demographic characteristics were collected, the "2016 national residents' health literacy monitoring questionnaire" was used to understand the health literacy levels of the respondents, and the rates of health literacy possession(health literacy possession refers to 80% or more of the total score) were calculated. Rao-Scott adjusted chi-square test and logistic regression were used to compare the levels of health literacy and analyze the influencing factors of health literacy.[Results] The five occupational groups investigated in this study totaled 2 031 people, including 294 civil servants, 324 teachers, 177 medical professionals, 496 public institution employees, and 740 enterprise workers. The overall rate of health literacy possession was 17.67%, and the rates in the five occupational categories were 30.77% for medical staff, 24.21% for teachers, 17.56% for civil servants, 16.16% for public institution employees, and 12.44% for enterprise workers, respectively, with a statistical difference among the five groups(χ2=31.33, P < 0.01). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that gender [female vs male, OR(95%CI)=1.32(1.03-1.69)], ethic group [minority vs Han, OR(95%CI)=0.46(0.30-0.70)], and education level [college and above vs primary school and below, OR(95%CI)=4.48(2.09-9.59)] were the influencing factors of health literacy of the five occupational groups.[Conclusion] The level of health literacy needs further improvement, and is diverse among the five occupational groups in Gansu Province, indicating that occupational characteristics should be a concern when developing strategies for health education for occupational groups.
[Objective] To analyze the levels and influencing factors of health literacy in civil servants, teachers, medical staff, public institution employees, and enterprise workers in Gansu Province, and provide scientific evidence for developing health education programs. [Methods] From November 2016 to February 2017, a multi-stage random sampling method was adopted to select permanent residents aged 18-69 from counties(cities) of Gansu Province.General demographic characteristics were collected, the "2016 national residents' health literacy monitoring questionnaire" was used to understand the health literacy levels of the respondents, and the rates of health literacy possession(health literacy possession refers to 80% or more of the total score) were calculated. Rao-Scott adjusted chi-square test and logistic regression were used to compare the levels of health literacy and analyze the influencing factors of health literacy.[Results] The five occupational groups investigated in this study totaled 2 031 people, including 294 civil servants, 324 teachers, 177 medical professionals, 496 public institution employees, and 740 enterprise workers. The overall rate of health literacy possession was 17.67%, and the rates in the five occupational categories were 30.77% for medical staff, 24.21% for teachers, 17.56% for civil servants, 16.16% for public institution employees, and 12.44% for enterprise workers, respectively, with a statistical difference among the five groups(χ2=31.33, P < 0.01). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that gender [female vs male, OR(95%CI)=1.32(1.03-1.69)], ethic group [minority vs Han, OR(95%CI)=0.46(0.30-0.70)], and education level [college and above vs primary school and below, OR(95%CI)=4.48(2.09-9.59)] were the influencing factors of health literacy of the five occupational groups.[Conclusion] The level of health literacy needs further improvement, and is diverse among the five occupational groups in Gansu Province, indicating that occupational characteristics should be a concern when developing strategies for health education for occupational groups.
引文
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[6]陆一鸣,杨媛媛,康国荣,等.2015-2016年甘肃省居民健康素养现状分析[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(17):3181-3185,3196.
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[11]李莉,李英华,聂雪琼,等.2012年中国居民健康素养影响因素分析[J].中国健康教育,2015,31(2):104-107.
[12]陈晨,高皓宇,来萌婧,等.职业人群健康素养研究进展[J].职业与健康,2017,33(7):993-995.
[13]杨旭,赵春香,李莎,等.某省职业人群健康素养水平及影响因素[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2017,35(9):683-687.
[14]石建辉,刘秀荣,黄丽巧.北京市2012年城乡常住居民健康素养水平分析[J].中国公共卫生,2016,32(3):394-397.
[2]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.中国公民健康素养--基本知识与技能(2015年版)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2015.
[3]刘军,杜玉,王越,等.沈阳市职业人群健康素养状况调查[J].中国公共卫生,2017,33(2):264-266.
[4]肖瓅,程玉兰,马昱,等.Delphi法在筛选中国公众健康素养评价指标中的应用研究[J].中国健康教育,2008,24(2):81-84.
[5]姚宏文,石琦,李英华.我国城乡居民健康素养现状及对策[J].人口研究,2016,40(2):88-97.
[6]陆一鸣,杨媛媛,康国荣,等.2015-2016年甘肃省居民健康素养现状分析[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(17):3181-3185,3196.
[7]国家卫生和计划生育委员会宣传司,中国健康教育中心.2012年中国居民健康素养监测报告[R].北京:国家卫生和计划生育委员会宣传司,中国健康教育中心,2013.
[8]马震,严丽萍,魏南方.不同职业特征人群健康素养现状调查[J].中国预防医学杂志,2012,13(5):380-383.
[9]黄伟,龚勋,张洁欣,等.中国农村卫生人力资源现状分析与思考[J].医学与社会,2007,20(9):21-23.
[10]严丽萍,许玲,田向阳,等.中国三省农村居民健康素养个体和社会因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2013,29(5):660-662.
[11]李莉,李英华,聂雪琼,等.2012年中国居民健康素养影响因素分析[J].中国健康教育,2015,31(2):104-107.
[12]陈晨,高皓宇,来萌婧,等.职业人群健康素养研究进展[J].职业与健康,2017,33(7):993-995.
[13]杨旭,赵春香,李莎,等.某省职业人群健康素养水平及影响因素[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2017,35(9):683-687.
[14]石建辉,刘秀荣,黄丽巧.北京市2012年城乡常住居民健康素养水平分析[J].中国公共卫生,2016,32(3):394-397.
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