我国二元经济政策与职业教育发展的二元困境——经济社会学的视角

详细信息    查看全文 | 推荐本文 |

英文篇名：The Dual Economy Policy and the Dual Dilemma of Vocational Education Development in China——From the Perspective of Economic Sociology 作者：徐国庆 英文作者：Xu Guoqing;Faculty of Education,East China Normal University; 关键词：二元经济政策 ; 职业教育 ; 二元困境 ; 经济社会学 英文关键词：dual economy policy;;vocational education;;dual dilemma;;economic sociology 中文刊名：JYYJ 英文刊名：Educational Research 机构：华东师范大学教育学部; 出版日期：2019-01-15 出版单位：教育研究 年：2019 期：v.40;No.468 基金：教育部哲学社会科学研究2015年度重大课题攻关项目“职业教育现代学徒制理论研究与实践探索”(项目编号:15JZD046)的研究成果 语种：中文; 页：JYYJ201901011 页数：9 CN：01 ISSN：11-1281/G4 分类号：104-112

摘要

我国职业教育发展正处于国家需求与企业需求、个体需求不协调的二元困境,这一状况的形成有深刻的经济根源。对美国、德国、日本和英国四个国家产业形态、职业教育发展水平与经济运行模式之间关系的比较分析可以发现,不选择以高端制造业为主体产业形态的国家,其经济发展水平与职业教育发展水平之间不存在必然关联性,而选择以高端制造业为主体产业形态的国家,则必须有高水平的职业教育做支撑。而这种产业形态及其所需要的高水平职业教育的形成,均需要相应的经济运行模式做支撑,这就是对企业行为进行适当协调和限制的市场经济运行模式。我国极度宽松的市场经济运行模式与所确定的产业发展方向存在不协调现象,此即为经济政策的二元化。它不仅使企业的生产技术升级动力难以激发出来,而且使得企业缺乏参与职业教育的积极性,人们缺乏学习技能的积极性,从而造成了职业教育发展的二元困境。有必要借鉴德国、日本等后福特主义国家的发展思路,反思我国市场经济运行模式,重新定位企业在市场中的角色。
        Currently,the development of vocational education in China is in a dual dilemma,where the nationaldemands are incompatible with the demands of enterprises and individuals. According to a comparative analysis of therelationship between the forms of industry,the development of vocational education,and the modes of economic operationin the United States,Germany,Japan and the UK,in the countries which do not choose high-end manufacturingindustries as the major forms of industry,there is no inevitable connection between the economic growth and thedevelopment of vocational education;those countries which choose high-end manufacturing industries as the major formsof industry must be supported by high-level vocational education. These forms of industry and the high-level vocationaleducation need support from a corresponding mode of economic operation,namely the mode of market economy,whichimposes proper coordination and restrictions on enterprises. In China,the extremely loose mode of market economy isincompatible with the government-led direction of the industrial development,which is called the dual economic policy.This makes it difficult to inspire enterprises to upgrade industrial technology;enterprises have no enthusiasm for theparticipation in vocational education,and people lack enthusiasm for skill learning,thus creating a dual dilemma of thedevelopment of vocational education. Therefore,it is necessary for China to learn from Germany,Japan and otherpost-Fordist countries,offer reflections on the mode of market economy,and relocate the roles of enterprises at themarket.

引文

[1][2]杜威全集(第七卷)[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2012.71-72、70.
    [3][7]凯瑟琳·西伦.制度是如何演化的--德国、英国、美国和日本的技能政治经济学[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2010.248、181.
    [4]约翰·L·坎贝尔,等.美国经济治理[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2009.45-46.
    [5]Wolf-Dietrich Greinert.Towards a History of Vocational Education and Training in Europe in a Comparative Perspective,Volume I[M].Luxembourg:Office for Official Publications of the European Communities,2004.19.
    [6]Albritton,R.et al.Phases of Capitalist Development:Booms,Crises and Globalizations[M].London:Palgrave Macmillan,2001.23.
    [8][9]高柏.经济意识形态与日本产业政策--1931-1965年的发展主义[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2008.4、7.
    [10]罗菁.上海首次发布技能人才市场工资价[N].劳动报,2017-12-15.