物联网技术在融资租赁业的应用——基于闭环动产管理平台构建思路
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摘要
融资租赁作为一种与实体经济紧密相关的新型金融工具,近十年来在我国得以迅速发展。而物联网作为一项能够促使物理世界实现数字化、互联化、自动化转型的核心技术手段,既有助于租赁公司有效提高资产管理能力,解决动产所有权与使用权在物理世界分离的代理难题,也有助于对承租人恶意处置行为进行有效的事前防范。但考虑到物联网技术在我国融资租赁业的应用尚处于初步探索阶段,还存在技术先行、法规滞后、产研脱节、碎片化发展等一系列问题,为更好地提高各租赁公司在个体层面的资产管理能力,实现行业层面的信息共享,可基于物联网技术构建一个涵盖租赁物登记、交易、使用、维护、销毁等环节的闭环动产管理平台,对租赁物进行全生命周期的记录和管控。而且,为更加有效地解决融资租赁业物联网技术应用中存在的数据可信度差、隐私监管缺失、司法效力不足、产研严重脱节等问题,还需要进一步依靠区块链技术提高平台数据可信度;进一步推动行业协会建立隐私监管机制,化解平台数据所有权方面的法律纠纷;进一步引入政府信用,提高平台司法效力;进一步鼓励租赁业产研融合试点,提高技术更新频率。
Financial leasing,a new financial tool that has close relation with real economy,has been rapidly developed in the past decade. Internet of Things(IoT)technology is the core technology that digitizes,interconnects and automates the physical world,and is gradually evolving to the intelligent connection of everything. By using IoT technology,leasing companies could improve their asset management ability,thereby solving the agency problem of separation of the ownership and use rights of movable property in the physical world,and also preventing the lessees' malicious disposal behavior in advance effectively.However,the current application of IoT technology in the financial leasing industry is still in the primary exploration stage and several drawbacks exist,including the lagging regulation,the disconnection of production and research and so on. Based on the IoT technology,a closed-loop movable property management platform could be established to record and control the leasing assets in the whole life. The platform covers processes including registration,trading,use,maintenance and destruction of leasing assets,which not only helps to improve the asset management capabilities of leasing companies at the individual level,but also provides an information sharing facility at the industry level. Furthermore,the use of blockchain technology can enhance the credibility of data within the platform;the establishment of an industry privacy monitoring mechanism can resolve legal disputes about platform data ownership;the introduction of government credit can enhance the judicial effectiveness of the platform;and the pilot integration of production and research in the leasing industry can improve the frequency of technology renewal.
Financial leasing,a new financial tool that has close relation with real economy,has been rapidly developed in the past decade. Internet of Things(IoT)technology is the core technology that digitizes,interconnects and automates the physical world,and is gradually evolving to the intelligent connection of everything. By using IoT technology,leasing companies could improve their asset management ability,thereby solving the agency problem of separation of the ownership and use rights of movable property in the physical world,and also preventing the lessees' malicious disposal behavior in advance effectively.However,the current application of IoT technology in the financial leasing industry is still in the primary exploration stage and several drawbacks exist,including the lagging regulation,the disconnection of production and research and so on. Based on the IoT technology,a closed-loop movable property management platform could be established to record and control the leasing assets in the whole life. The platform covers processes including registration,trading,use,maintenance and destruction of leasing assets,which not only helps to improve the asset management capabilities of leasing companies at the individual level,but also provides an information sharing facility at the industry level. Furthermore,the use of blockchain technology can enhance the credibility of data within the platform;the establishment of an industry privacy monitoring mechanism can resolve legal disputes about platform data ownership;the introduction of government credit can enhance the judicial effectiveness of the platform;and the pilot integration of production and research in the leasing industry can improve the frequency of technology renewal.
引文
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[2]NEWMAN P.The internet of things 2018 report:how the IoTis evolving to reach the mainstream with businesses and consumers[R/OL].(2018-07-01)[2018-12-04].https://www.businessinsider.com/internet-of-things-report.
[3]史燕平.融资租赁原理与实务[M].北京:对外经贸大学出版社,2005:15-16.
[4]GLEESON B.World leasing yearbook[R].Capital markets intelligence,2018.
[5]LASFER M A,LEVIS M.The determinants of the leasing decision of small and large companies[J].European financial management,1998,4(2):159-184.
[6]EISFELDT A L,RAMPINI A A.Leasing,ability to repossess,and debt capacity[J].Review of financial studies,2009,22(4):1 621-1 657.
[7]程华儿,史燕平.我国融资租赁动产登记的制度构建--对天津试点的反思[J].江西社会科学,2016,36(5):187-192.
[8]高圣平.融资租赁登记公示制度的建构--以民法典合同编融资租赁合同章的修改为中心[J].河南社会科学,2017,25(6):37-44.
[9]高圣平.统一动产融资登记公示制度的建构[J].环球法律评论,2017,39(6):66-83.
[10]李文,张志伟.物联网技术在现金追溯性管理中的应用[J].金融理论与实践,2013(11):73-76.
[11]邵平.物联网金融与银行发展[J].中国金融,2015(18):16-18.
[12]陆岷峰,汪祖刚.关于“物联网+银行”发展战略的研究[J].当代经济管理,2017,39(12):76-82.
[13]颜波,石平,丁德龙.物联网环境下的农产品供应链风险评估与控制[J].管理工程学报,2014,28(3):196-202.
[14]唐涌,朱莲,张洁.物联网时代下现代物流业发展研究--以四川物流业为例[J].经济体制改革,2014(3):187-190.
[15]韩俊德,杜其光.物联网技术在生鲜农产品配送中的应用[J].中国流通经济,2015,29(12):54-60.
[16]刘军,赵东杰,徐燕.基于物联网的仓储管控一体化系统实现路径[J].中国流通经济,2018,32(7):20-26.
[17]商务部流通业发展司.2015年融资租赁行业运行情况分析[EB/OL].(2016-09-24)[2018-12-04].http://www.sohu.com/a/115018509_473455.
[18]KRAEMER-EIS H,LANG F.The importance of leasing for SME finance[EB/OL].[2018-12-04].https://docplayer.net/7103319-The-importance-of-leasing-for-sme-financing.html.
[19]OXFORD ECONOMICS.The use of leasing amongst european SMEs[R].Oxford:The Oxford economics group,2015.
[20]ZHENG Z,XIE S,DAI H-N,et al.Blockchain challenges and opportunities:a survey[J].International journal of web and grid services,2018,14(4):1-25.
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