武陵山区小流域4种植被类型土壤水分动态变化
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摘要
以武陵山区小流域马尾松林、枫樟混交林、杜仲林和坡耕地为研究对象,对其7.5、12.0、20.0 cm土层深度在典型降雨前后水分动态变化进行观测与分析,研究了林地土壤水分的日变化规律,从而为林水综合管理、流域科学治理以及森林多功能高效经营等提供科技支持。结果表明:1)所有观测时间内,在7.5和12.0 cm土层深度处,4种植被类型土壤含水量最大的均是杜仲林,其次是枫樟混交林,最低的是坡耕地,土壤水分随深度增加而降低;在20.0 cm土层深度处,杜仲林和枫樟混交林差异不显著,马尾松林与坡耕地差异显著;3个土层深度下,4种植被类型土壤含水量均为杜仲林>枫樟混交林>马尾松林>坡耕地。2)降雨前, 4种植被类型的土壤含水量均比较稳定,只在7.5和12.0 cm处缓慢减少;降水后,4种植被类型的土壤含水量明显增加,增加幅度最大的是7.5 cm的马尾松林,其次是12.0 cm的坡耕地。3)降水前后,4种植被类型的土壤含水量与风速和大气温度均呈负相关关系,土壤的含水量与湿度呈正相关关系。4)综合分析表明杜仲林的土壤含水量最大,其作为生态经济型树种,具有较好的水源涵养能力,可大面积示范推广有利于提高研究区的生态效益。
By taking Pinus massoniana forest, Acer and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forest, Eucommia ulmoides forest and sloping farmland in Wuling mountain area as research objects, the daily variations of soil water in the forestlands in the soil depth of 7.5,12.0 and 20.0 cm were observed and analyzed before and after typical rainfall. And the diurnal variations of soil moisture in the forestlands were studied,thus providing some scienti?c and technological supports for integrated management of forest and water, scienti?c management of river basins, and multi-functional and ef?cient forest management. The results show that: 1) During all observation time,at soil layer depths of 7.5 and 12.0 cm, the soil moisture content of E. ulmoides forest at the depth of 7.5 and 12.0 cm soil layer was the highest, that of Acer and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forest was the second, and that of sloping farmland was the lowest, and the soil water content decreased with the increase of soil depth; At the depth of 20.0 cm soil layer, there was no signi?cant difference between E. ulmoides and Acer and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forest, but there was signi?cant difference between P. massoniana forest and sloping farmland; the soil moisture content of the three soil depth ranked from big to small as E. ulmoides forest > Acer and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forest > P. massoniana forest > sloping farmland. 2) Before the rainfall, the soil moisture contents of the four plant types were relatively stable, and slowly decreased only at 7.5 and 12.0 cm; After the rainfall, the soil moisture content increased obviously, the largest increase was in P. massoniana forest of 7.5 cm, followed by sloping farmland of 12.0 cm. 3) The soil moisture content was negatively correlated with wind speed and atmospheric temperature before and after rainfall, and there was a positive correlation between soil moisture content and moisture content. 4)The comprehensive analysis shows that the soil moisture content of E. ulmoides stands is the largest, as an ecologically economical tree species, it has better water conservation ability, and can be widely demonstrated and popularized to improve the ecological ef?ciency of the study area.
By taking Pinus massoniana forest, Acer and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forest, Eucommia ulmoides forest and sloping farmland in Wuling mountain area as research objects, the daily variations of soil water in the forestlands in the soil depth of 7.5,12.0 and 20.0 cm were observed and analyzed before and after typical rainfall. And the diurnal variations of soil moisture in the forestlands were studied,thus providing some scienti?c and technological supports for integrated management of forest and water, scienti?c management of river basins, and multi-functional and ef?cient forest management. The results show that: 1) During all observation time,at soil layer depths of 7.5 and 12.0 cm, the soil moisture content of E. ulmoides forest at the depth of 7.5 and 12.0 cm soil layer was the highest, that of Acer and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forest was the second, and that of sloping farmland was the lowest, and the soil water content decreased with the increase of soil depth; At the depth of 20.0 cm soil layer, there was no signi?cant difference between E. ulmoides and Acer and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forest, but there was signi?cant difference between P. massoniana forest and sloping farmland; the soil moisture content of the three soil depth ranked from big to small as E. ulmoides forest > Acer and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forest > P. massoniana forest > sloping farmland. 2) Before the rainfall, the soil moisture contents of the four plant types were relatively stable, and slowly decreased only at 7.5 and 12.0 cm; After the rainfall, the soil moisture content increased obviously, the largest increase was in P. massoniana forest of 7.5 cm, followed by sloping farmland of 12.0 cm. 3) The soil moisture content was negatively correlated with wind speed and atmospheric temperature before and after rainfall, and there was a positive correlation between soil moisture content and moisture content. 4)The comprehensive analysis shows that the soil moisture content of E. ulmoides stands is the largest, as an ecologically economical tree species, it has better water conservation ability, and can be widely demonstrated and popularized to improve the ecological ef?ciency of the study area.
引文
[1]左小安,赵学勇,赵哈林,等.科尔沁沙地沙质草场土壤水分对干旱和降雨响应的空间变异性[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(1):140-144.
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[11]郭美丽,焦峰,薛超玉.黄土丘陵区土壤水分空间分布与环境因子的关系[J].中国水土保持科学,2018,16(1):46-55.
[12]王进鑫,罗伟祥,刘广全,等.黄土高原人工林根区土壤水分亏缺状况与空间分布[J].西北林学院学报,2004,21(4):1-4.
[13]姚雪玲,傅伯杰,吕一河.黄土丘陵沟壑区坡面尺度土壤水分空间变异及影响因子[J].生态学报,2012,32(16):4961-4968.
[14]王信增,焦峰,刘源鑫,等.不同空间尺度土壤水分与环境因素的关系[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(2):319-323.
[15]李和平,牛海,赵萌莉,等.毛乌素沙地土壤水分日动态变化分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,27(4):102-105.
[16]薛雪.南京城郊不同林分土壤水分时空变异规律及对降雨的响应研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2017.
[17]黄志刚,欧阳志云,李锋瑞,等.南京城郊不同坡地利用方式土壤水分动态[J].生态学报,2009,29(6):3136-3146.
[18]王力,邵明安,王全九.林地土壤水分运动研究述评[J].林业科学,2005,41(2):147-153.
[19]李海防,史梅容,王金叶,等.广西猫儿山毛竹林不同层次土壤含水量的降雨响应[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(5):120-123.
[20]李海防,史梅容,王金叶,等.猫儿山荷木林不同层次土壤含水量的降雨响应[J].生态科学,2017,36(2):126-134.
[21]吕军杰,姚宇卿,王育红,等.不同耕作方式对坡耕地土壤水分的影响[J].中国农业气象,2002,23(3):39-41.
[22]宁婷,郭忠升.半干旱黄土丘陵区撂荒坡地土壤水分循环特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(15):5168-5174.
[23]张瑞,曹华,王云强,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域土壤水分空间变异性及其影响因素[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(5):52-58.
[24]王红梅,谢应忠,陈来祥.黄土高原坡地土壤水分动态特征及影响因素[J].宁夏农学院学报,2004,25(4):62-66.
[25]WANG YUNQIANG,SHAO MINGAN,LIU ZHIPENG,et al.Regional spatial pattern of deep soil water content a n d i t s i n f l u e n c i n g f a c t o r s[J].H y d r o l o g i c a l S c i e n c e s Journal,2012,57(2):265-281.
[2]宋同清,彭晚霞,曾馥平,等.喀斯特木论自然保护区旱季土壤水分的空间异质性[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(1):98-104.
[3]张建军,李慧敏,徐佳佳.黄土高原水土保持林对土壤水分的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(23):7056-7066.
[4]刘宏伟,余钟波,崔广柏.湿润地区土壤水分对降雨的响应模式研究[J].水利学报,2009,40(7):822-829.
[5]王志强,刘宝元,张岩.不同植被类型对厚层黄土剖面水分含量的影响[J].地理学报,2008,63(7):703-713.
[6]LIU H,LEI T W,ZHAO J,et al.Effects of rainfall intensity and antecedent soil water content on soil infiltrability under rainfall conditions using the run off-on-out method[J].Journal of Hydrology,2011,396(1/2):24-32.
[7]茹豪,张建军,张琦,等.晋西黄土区雨养果园土壤水分动态及对降雨的响应[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(1):37-43.
[8]鲍彪,毕华兴,云雷,等.晋西黄土区刺槐林地土壤水分对降雨的响应[J].北京林业大学学报,2012,34(2):84-89.
[9]GOMEZ-PLAZA A,MARTINEZ-MENA M,ALBALADEJOJ,et al.Factors regulating spatial distribution of soil water content in small semi-arid catchment[J].Journal of Hydrology,2001,253:211-226.98
[10]李永霞,邱邦桂,杨小林.拉萨半干旱河谷区宜林地土壤水分影响因子分析[J].林业资源管理,2017(5):61-66.
[11]郭美丽,焦峰,薛超玉.黄土丘陵区土壤水分空间分布与环境因子的关系[J].中国水土保持科学,2018,16(1):46-55.
[12]王进鑫,罗伟祥,刘广全,等.黄土高原人工林根区土壤水分亏缺状况与空间分布[J].西北林学院学报,2004,21(4):1-4.
[13]姚雪玲,傅伯杰,吕一河.黄土丘陵沟壑区坡面尺度土壤水分空间变异及影响因子[J].生态学报,2012,32(16):4961-4968.
[14]王信增,焦峰,刘源鑫,等.不同空间尺度土壤水分与环境因素的关系[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(2):319-323.
[15]李和平,牛海,赵萌莉,等.毛乌素沙地土壤水分日动态变化分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,27(4):102-105.
[16]薛雪.南京城郊不同林分土壤水分时空变异规律及对降雨的响应研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2017.
[17]黄志刚,欧阳志云,李锋瑞,等.南京城郊不同坡地利用方式土壤水分动态[J].生态学报,2009,29(6):3136-3146.
[18]王力,邵明安,王全九.林地土壤水分运动研究述评[J].林业科学,2005,41(2):147-153.
[19]李海防,史梅容,王金叶,等.广西猫儿山毛竹林不同层次土壤含水量的降雨响应[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(5):120-123.
[20]李海防,史梅容,王金叶,等.猫儿山荷木林不同层次土壤含水量的降雨响应[J].生态科学,2017,36(2):126-134.
[21]吕军杰,姚宇卿,王育红,等.不同耕作方式对坡耕地土壤水分的影响[J].中国农业气象,2002,23(3):39-41.
[22]宁婷,郭忠升.半干旱黄土丘陵区撂荒坡地土壤水分循环特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(15):5168-5174.
[23]张瑞,曹华,王云强,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域土壤水分空间变异性及其影响因素[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(5):52-58.
[24]王红梅,谢应忠,陈来祥.黄土高原坡地土壤水分动态特征及影响因素[J].宁夏农学院学报,2004,25(4):62-66.
[25]WANG YUNQIANG,SHAO MINGAN,LIU ZHIPENG,et al.Regional spatial pattern of deep soil water content a n d i t s i n f l u e n c i n g f a c t o r s[J].H y d r o l o g i c a l S c i e n c e s Journal,2012,57(2):265-281.
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