基于MODIS数据的淮北地区云特性研究
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摘要
利用2006年—2015年MODIS云产品数据(MYD06),对淮北地区不同云相态、不同相态云粒子有效半径和云顶温度逐月概率分布进行了统计对比分析,同时对四季云水路径逐年变化进行了研究。研究表明:淮北地区夏秋冬季水云出现的概率较高,春夏季冰云出现的概率较高。水云年均发生概率是冰云的近2倍,晴空和冰云相当,混合相态云较少。除7月份,水云有效半径概率逐月分布逐年有所变化,主要分布在5—30μm。冰云有效半径主要分布在15—35μm,且10年间4、5和8月份概率分布较为一致。混和相云有效半径主要分布在10—40μm,逐月发生概率在10—20μm和25—35μm出现两个峰值,这与水云和冰云不同,且在春秋冬较为明显。10年间淮北地区上空云水路径年均值低于300 g/m~2。冬季年均云水路径相对较低且逐年呈现减少的趋势。春秋冬季云顶温度逐月概率分布逐年变化较大。春冬季冷云发生的概率较大,夏秋季暖云出现的概率要高于冷云。
In this study, a monthly probability distribution of different cloud phases, effective radii, and top temperatures in Huaibei region based on MODIS cloud product data(MYD06) from 2006 to 2015 were analyzed contrastively. Moreover, annual variations of cloud water path were discussed. Results showed that a water cloud probability of occurrence during summer, autumn, and winter in Huaibei region is high, whereas an ice cloud probability of occurrence during spring and summer is high. The annual average of water cloud probability is nearly 2 times that of ice cloud, that of clear sky is the same as ice cloud, and that of the mixed cloud is relatively minimal. The monthly probability distribution of water cloud effective radius has varied annually, except in July. Water cloud is mainly distributed between 5 and30 μm. Ice cloud effective radius is mainly distributed between 15 and 35 μm. The monthly probability distribution of ice cloud particle effective radius has changed monthly in ten years, except in August and May. A mixed cloud effective radius is mainly distributed between 10 and 40 μm, and the monthly probability appears two peaks between 10 and 20 μm and between 25 and 35 μm. It is different from water and ice clouds, and it is obvious during spring, autumn, and winter. During the studied decade, the annual average of cloud water path in Huaibei region is below 300 g/m2. During winter, the annual average of cloud water path is relatively decreasing annually. The monthly probability distribution change of the cloud top temperature in summer has been smaller than the other seasons in ten years. The cold cloud occurrence probability during spring and winter is significantly high, and the warm cloud probability of occurrence during summer and autumn is higher than that of the cold cloud.
In this study, a monthly probability distribution of different cloud phases, effective radii, and top temperatures in Huaibei region based on MODIS cloud product data(MYD06) from 2006 to 2015 were analyzed contrastively. Moreover, annual variations of cloud water path were discussed. Results showed that a water cloud probability of occurrence during summer, autumn, and winter in Huaibei region is high, whereas an ice cloud probability of occurrence during spring and summer is high. The annual average of water cloud probability is nearly 2 times that of ice cloud, that of clear sky is the same as ice cloud, and that of the mixed cloud is relatively minimal. The monthly probability distribution of water cloud effective radius has varied annually, except in July. Water cloud is mainly distributed between 5 and30 μm. Ice cloud effective radius is mainly distributed between 15 and 35 μm. The monthly probability distribution of ice cloud particle effective radius has changed monthly in ten years, except in August and May. A mixed cloud effective radius is mainly distributed between 10 and 40 μm, and the monthly probability appears two peaks between 10 and 20 μm and between 25 and 35 μm. It is different from water and ice clouds, and it is obvious during spring, autumn, and winter. During the studied decade, the annual average of cloud water path in Huaibei region is below 300 g/m2. During winter, the annual average of cloud water path is relatively decreasing annually. The monthly probability distribution change of the cloud top temperature in summer has been smaller than the other seasons in ten years. The cold cloud occurrence probability during spring and winter is significantly high, and the warm cloud probability of occurrence during summer and autumn is higher than that of the cold cloud.
引文
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Wei H L,Yang P,Li J,Baum B A,Huang H L,Platnick S,Hu Y X and Strow L.2004.Retrieval of semitransparent ice cloud optical thickness from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder(AIRS)measurements.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,42(10):2254-2267[DOI:10.1109/TGRS.2004.833780]
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Yang D S and Wang P C.2012a.Tempo-spatial distribution characteristics of cloud particle size over China during summer.Climatic and Environmental Research,17(4):433-443(杨大生,王普才.2012a.中国地区夏季云粒子尺寸的时空分布特征.气候与环境研究,17(4):433-443)[DOI:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2011.10066]
Yang D S and Wang P C.2012b.Characteristics of vertical distributions of cloud water contents over China during summer.Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,36(1):89-101(杨大生,王普才.2012b.中国地区夏季6~8月云水含量的垂直分布特征.大气科学,36(1):89-101)[DOI:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2012.01.08]
Yang Y P,Dong X G,Dai C M and Xu Q S.2016.Cirrus clouds properties in the Arctic in summer based on MODIS data.Infrared and Laser Engineering,45(4):432002(杨亦萍,董晓刚,戴聪明,徐青山.2016.利用MODIS数据对北极夏季卷云特性的研究.红外与激光工程,45(4):432002)[DOI:10.3788/IRLA201645.0432002]
Chen Y H,Chen Y,Huang J P,Zheng Z H,Su J and Huang H.2007.Distribution and variation trend of cloud over Northwestern China.Plateau Meteorology,26(4):741-748(陈勇航,陈艳,黄建平,郑志海,苏婧,黄鹤.2007.中国西北地区云的分布及其变化趋势.高原气象,26(4):741-748)
Chen Y H,Peng K J,Huang J P,Kang Y M,Zhang H and Jiang X B.2010.Seasonal and regional variability of cloud liquid water path in northwestern China derived from MODIS/CERES observations.International Journal of Remote Sensing,31(4):1037-1042[DOI:10.1080/01431160903154309]
Ding S G,Shi G Y and Zao C S.2004.Analyzing global trends of different cloud types and their potential impacts on climate by using the ISCCP D2 dataset.Chinese Science Bulletin,49(12):1301-1306[DOI:10.1360/03wd0614]
Grant L O and Elliott R E.1974.The cloud seeding temperature window.Journal of Applied Meteorology,13(3):355-363[DOI:10.1175/1520-0450(1974)013<0355:TCSTW>2.0.CO;2]
Han Q Y,Rossow W B and Lacis A A.1994.Near-global survey of effective droplet radii in liquid water clouds using ISCCP data.Journal of Climate,7(4):465-497[DOI:10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<0465:NGSOED>2.0.CO;2]
King M D,Menzel W P,Kaufman Y J,Tanre D,Gao B C,Platnick S,Ackerman S A,Remer L A,Pincus R and Hubanks P A.2003.Cloud and aerosol properties,precipitable water,and profiles of temperature and water vapor from MODIS.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,41(2):442-458[DOI:10.1109/TGRS.2002.808226]
Luo Y L,Zhang R H and Wang H.2009.Comparing occurrences and vertical structures of hydrometeors between eastern China and the Indian monsoon region using CloudSat/CALIPSO data.Journal of Climate,22(4):1052-1064[DOI:10.1175/2008JCLI2606.1]
Shupe M D,Kollias P,Matrosov S Y and Schneider T L.2003.Deriving mixed-phase cloud properties from Doppler radar spectra.Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,21(4):660-670[DOI:10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<0660:DMCPFD>2.0.CO;2]
Wang S H,Han Z G,Yao Z G and Zhao Z L.2011.An analysis of cloud types and macroscopic characteristics over China and its neighborhood based on the CloudSat data.Acta Meteorologica Sinica,69(5):883-899(王帅辉,韩志刚,姚志刚,赵增亮.2011.基于CloudSat资料的中国及周边地区各类云的宏观特征分析.气象学报,69(5):883-899)[DOI:10.11676/qxxb2011.077]
Wei H L,Yang P,Li J,Baum B A,Huang H L,Platnick S,Hu Y X and Strow L.2004.Retrieval of semitransparent ice cloud optical thickness from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder(AIRS)measurements.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,42(10):2254-2267[DOI:10.1109/TGRS.2004.833780]
Yang B Y,Zhang H,Peng J,Wang Z L and Jing X W.2014.Analysis on global distribution characteristics of cloud microphysical and optical properties based on the CloudSat data.Plateau Meteorology,33(4):1105-1118(杨冰韵,张华,彭杰,王志立,荆现文.2014.利用CloudSat卫星资料分析云微物理和光学性质的分布特征.高原气象,33(4):1105-1118)[DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00026]
Yang D S and Wang P C.2012a.Tempo-spatial distribution characteristics of cloud particle size over China during summer.Climatic and Environmental Research,17(4):433-443(杨大生,王普才.2012a.中国地区夏季云粒子尺寸的时空分布特征.气候与环境研究,17(4):433-443)[DOI:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2011.10066]
Yang D S and Wang P C.2012b.Characteristics of vertical distributions of cloud water contents over China during summer.Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,36(1):89-101(杨大生,王普才.2012b.中国地区夏季6~8月云水含量的垂直分布特征.大气科学,36(1):89-101)[DOI:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2012.01.08]
Yang Y P,Dong X G,Dai C M and Xu Q S.2016.Cirrus clouds properties in the Arctic in summer based on MODIS data.Infrared and Laser Engineering,45(4):432002(杨亦萍,董晓刚,戴聪明,徐青山.2016.利用MODIS数据对北极夏季卷云特性的研究.红外与激光工程,45(4):432002)[DOI:10.3788/IRLA201645.0432002]
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