干旱区流域土地利用覆被空间转型模拟及热点探测——以黑河流域中游为例
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摘要
基于黑河中游地区1987、2001、2016年的利用/覆被变化数据,在遥感技术的支持下,利用马尔科夫转移矩阵及土地利用动态测算模型,模拟1987～2001、2001～2016年间黑河中游地区土地利用转型的主要方向及空间分布特征,探测研究期土地利用/覆被变化的热点区域,分析相关驱动因素,并针对发展瓶颈提出相应的对策建议。结果表明:黑河中游地区的生态用地持续减小,而人类活动用地逐渐增加;土地利用变化剧烈的区域主要集中在河流两侧,转型类型主要是水域转为草地,草地转为耕地,未利用地转为建设用地;研究区土地利用转型变化呈现出显著的空间差异,且后期扩张频率及范围明显高于前期;从乡镇尺度来看,土地利用活跃的热点区域主要集中于张掖绿洲综合利用区,但前期热点区域分散、范围小、强度轻,没有形成明显的集中效益,而后期土地利用集约程度显著提高,局部地区呈现出程度深、集约度高的开发趋势。
Based on the data of land use/cover change in the middle reaches of the Heihe River in 1987,2001 and 2016,with the support of remote sensing technology,the Markov transfer matrix and land use dynamic estimation model were used to simulate the land use transformation direction and spatial distribution characteristics,detect hotspots of land use/cover change,analyze the relevant driving factors,and propose the countermeasures for development bottlenecks during the study period in the middle reaches of the Heihe River between 1987～2001 and 2001～2016.Its main findings are as follows:the main changes of land use in the middle reaches of Heihe River as the land of human activities gradually increasing,the ecological land decreasing continuously.The areas with sharp changes in land use are mainly concentrated on both sides of the river,the types of transformation are mainly in the conversion of waters into grassland,grassland into cultivated land,and the unused land to construction land;The scope of land use transformation in the study area have obvious spatial differences,the frequency and expansion are significantly higher than the previous period;as a whole,the hot region are located in the oasis area of agriculture in Zhangye,but the early hot region is more dispersed,small,no benefit,the later is concentrated,and has more central tendency in the larger space.
Based on the data of land use/cover change in the middle reaches of the Heihe River in 1987,2001 and 2016,with the support of remote sensing technology,the Markov transfer matrix and land use dynamic estimation model were used to simulate the land use transformation direction and spatial distribution characteristics,detect hotspots of land use/cover change,analyze the relevant driving factors,and propose the countermeasures for development bottlenecks during the study period in the middle reaches of the Heihe River between 1987～2001 and 2001～2016.Its main findings are as follows:the main changes of land use in the middle reaches of Heihe River as the land of human activities gradually increasing,the ecological land decreasing continuously.The areas with sharp changes in land use are mainly concentrated on both sides of the river,the types of transformation are mainly in the conversion of waters into grassland,grassland into cultivated land,and the unused land to construction land;The scope of land use transformation in the study area have obvious spatial differences,the frequency and expansion are significantly higher than the previous period;as a whole,the hot region are located in the oasis area of agriculture in Zhangye,but the early hot region is more dispersed,small,no benefit,the later is concentrated,and has more central tendency in the larger space.
引文
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[23] Wang Bo,Deng Maolin,Wang Gang,et al.Causes for Wetland Degradation and Its Control in Middle Reaches of Heihe Basin in Zhangye of Gansu[J].Wetland Science & Management,2015,11(1):36-38.[王波,邓茂林,王刚,等.甘肃张掖黑河流域中游湿地退化原因及治理对策[J].湿地科学与管理,2015,11(1):36-38.]
[24] Xu Zhongming.Research Progress in Ecological Economy[M].Zhengzhou:Yellow River Water Conservancy Press,2012.[徐中民.生态经济学的研究进展[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2012.]
[2] Sterling S M,Ducharne A,Polcher J.The Impact of Global Land-Cover Change on the Terrestrial Water Cycle[J].Nature Climate Change,2012,3(4):385-390.
[3] Katarzyna C,Tomasz N,Anita K,et al.Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Post-Socialist Countries:Some Observations from Hungary and Poland[J].Land Use Policy,2018,78:1-18.
[4] Liu Jiyuan,Kuang Wenhui,Zhang Zengxiang,et al.Spatiotemporal Characteristics,Patterns and Causes of Land Use Changes in China Since the Late 1980s[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(1):3-14.[刘纪远,匡文慧,张增祥,等.20世纪80年代末以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局[J].地理学报,2014,69(1):3-14.]
[5] Chan E Y.Climate Change is the World’s Greatest Threat-In Celsius or Fahrenheit?[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2018,60:21-26.
[6] Ravestein P,Van d S G,Haarsma R,et al.Vulnerability of European Intermittent Renewable Energy Supply to Climate Change and Climate Variability[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2018,97:497-508.
[7] Scientific Steering Committee and International Project Office of LUCC,Nunes C,Augé J I.Land-Use and Land-cover Change (LUCC):Implementation Strategy[R].Environmental Policy Collection,1999.
[8] Benjamin S P,Clarke K,Findley J E,et al.Geography for A Changing World:A Science Strategy for the Geographic Research of the US Geological Survey,2005-2015[M].US Department of the Interior,US Geological Survey,2005.
[9] Rindfuss R R,Walsh S J,Turner B L,et al.Developing a Science of Land Change:Challenges and Methodological Issues[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2004,101(39):13976-13981.
[10] Herrick J E,Urama K C,Karl J W,et al.The Global Land-Potential Knowledge System (Land PKS):Supporting Evidence-Based,Site-Specific Land Use and Management Through Cloud Computing,Mobile Applications,and Crowdsourcing[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,68(1):5A-12A.
[11] Liang Zihua,Liu Y.Land Use/Land Cover Changes and Mechanics at the Southern Boundary Area of Tengger Desert in the Past 20 Years:A Case Study for Bingcaowan,Gulang County,Gansu Province,China[J].Remote Sensing Technology & Application,2015,30(2):383-390.[梁治华,刘勇.近20年来腾格里沙漠南缘土地利用/土地覆盖变化及其成因探讨——以甘肃省古浪县冰草湾地区为例[J].遥感技术与应用,2015,30(2):383-390.]
[12] Zhao Ruifeng,Jiang Penghui,Chen Yaning,et al.Land Use/Cover Change and Its Eco-Enviroment Effect in the Main Stream of Tarim River[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2012,32(2):244-250.[赵锐锋,姜朋辉,陈亚宁,等.塔里木河干流区土地利用/覆被变化及其生态环境效应[J].地理科学,2012,32(2):244-250.]
[13] Bai Xiaoyan,Chen Xiaohong,Wang Zhaoli.A Study on Land Use Information Extraction based on Object-oriented Classification Technology and the Temporal/Spatial Variation[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2015,30(4):798-809.[白晓燕,陈晓宏,王兆礼.基于面向对象分类的土地利用信息提取及其时空变化研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2015,30(4):798-809.]
[14] Mather A S.Global Forest Resources[M].Belhaven:Global Forest Resources,1990.
[15] Grainger A.National Land Use Morphology:Patterns and Possibilities[J].Geography,1995,80(3):235-245.
[16] Liu Yongqiang,Long Hualou.Land Use Transitions and Their Dynamic Mechanism in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2016,71(4):666-679.[刘永强,龙花楼.黄淮海平原农区土地利用转型及其动力机制[J].地理学报,2016,71(4):666-679.]
[17] Wang Fuhong,Zhao Ruifeng,Zhang Lihua,et al.Process of Land Use Transition and Its Impact on Regional Ecological Quality in the Middle Reaches of Heihe River,China.[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(12):4057-4066.[王福红,赵锐锋,张丽华,等.黑河中游土地利用转型过程及其对区域生态质量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(12):4057-4066.]
[18] Lu Ling,Cheng Guodong,Li Xin.Landscape Change in Middle Heihe River Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2001,23(1):68-74.[卢玲,程国栋,李新.黑河流域中游地区景观变化研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,23(1):68-74.]
[19] Liu Jiyuan,Zhang Zengxiang,Zhuang Dafang,et al.A Study on the Spatial-Temporal Dynamic Changes of Land-Use and Driving Forces Analyses of China in the 1990s[J].Geographical Research,2003,22(1):1-12.[刘纪远,张增祥,庄大方,等.20世纪90年代中国土地利用变化时空特征及其成因分析[J].地理研究,2003,22(1):1-12.]
[20] O’Neill R V,Krummel J R,Gardner R H,et al.Indices of Landscape Pattern[J].Landscape Ecology,1998,1(3):153-162.
[21] Zhang Li,Yang Guofan,Liu Jiping.The Dynamic Changes and Hot Spots of Land Use in Fushun City from 1986 to 2012[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(2):185-191.[张丽,杨国范,刘吉平.1986～2012年抚顺市土地利用动态变化及热点分析[J].地理科学,2014,34(2):185-191.]
[22] Jiang Penghui.Study on the Fragmentation Process and Driving Mechanism of Wetland Landscape in the Middle Reaches of the Heihe[D].Lanzhou:Northwest Normal University,2013.[姜朋辉.黑河中游湿地景观破碎化过程及其驱动机制分析[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2013.]
[23] Wang Bo,Deng Maolin,Wang Gang,et al.Causes for Wetland Degradation and Its Control in Middle Reaches of Heihe Basin in Zhangye of Gansu[J].Wetland Science & Management,2015,11(1):36-38.[王波,邓茂林,王刚,等.甘肃张掖黑河流域中游湿地退化原因及治理对策[J].湿地科学与管理,2015,11(1):36-38.]
[24] Xu Zhongming.Research Progress in Ecological Economy[M].Zhengzhou:Yellow River Water Conservancy Press,2012.[徐中民.生态经济学的研究进展[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2012.]
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