基于陆海统筹视角的国土空间开发建设适宜性评价——以辽宁省为例
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摘要
国土空间开发建设适宜性是优化国土空间开发格局、提升开发质量与效益的科学依据和基础保障,对实施区域协调发展战略具有重要意义。遵循城乡融合、陆海统筹原则,以东北地区唯一既沿海又沿边省份——辽宁省为例,从自然环境、经济社会、海洋功能三个维度构建适宜性评价指标体系,综合运用特尔斐法、木桶原理法则、线性加权求和法及多要素空间叠置分析等方法,对其国土空间开发建设适宜性进行评价与分析。结果表明:辽宁省国土空间开发建设适宜性空间分异明显,适宜建设区与基本适宜建设区呈明显的中心外围分布格局,沿沈大轴线、滨海轴线集聚分布;不适宜建设区以滨海线为轴带南北对称分布;基本不适宜建设区以沈大线为轴带东西对称分布。适宜、基本适宜、基本不适宜、不适宜建设区面积依次为15504.39 km~2、22645.34 km~2、66833.96 km~2、68720.99 km~2,分别占陆海国土的8.93%、13.04%、38.48%、39.56%。自然环境对区域国土空间开发建设具有基础性、决定性作用,不同等级、不同区域自然环境适宜性集聚与分散特性差异显著;经济社会对自然环境的适宜、基本适宜、基本不适宜建设区修正作用明显。海洋功能区的引入,极大拓展了辽宁省国土空间范围。但海洋功能适宜性空间分布极不均衡,由于海洋国土本身属性,其可供直接开发建设空间有限,而保护空间广阔,国土空间开发建设与生态环境保护之间的矛盾依然严峻。
Comprehensive suitability evaluation of spatial development and construction land is the scientific basis and guarantee for optimizing spatial development pattern and improve its quality and efficiency. It is of great significance for the implementation of regional coordinated development strategy. In this paper, according to the principles of urban-rural integration and land-ocean co-ordination, we selected Liaoning province as a case, the only both coastal and border province in Northeast China. The suitability evaluation index system was established from 3 dimensions, including natural environment, economy and society, and marine function.To evaluate and analyze the suitability of spatial development and constructive land in this province, we integrated the application of Delphi method, cask theory, linear weighted summation model and multi-factors space overlay analysis. The results show that there exist obvious characteristics of spatial differentiation in the suitability of spatial development and construction land throughout Liaoning. The most and more suitable construction land represent an obvious central peripheral structure, and concentrate along both the Shenyang-Dalian axis and the Binhai axis; the most unsuitable construction land shows a north-south symmetric distribution by the Binhai axis, while the more unsuitable construction land shows an east-west symmetric distribution by the Shenyang-Dalian axis. The construction land areas of most suitability, more suitability, more unsuitability, and most unsuitability are 15504.39 km~2,22645.34 km~2, 66833.96 km~2, and 68720.99 km~2, respectively, and the proportions of landocean area are 8.93%, 13.04%, 38.48%, and 39.56%, respectively. The suitability of natural environment plays a fundamental and decisive role in the development and construction of regional land; and the characteristics of agglomeration and dispersion are significantly different at different levels and regions. The suitability of economy and society obviously modifies that of natural environment. The introduction of marine functional zone has greatly expanded the regional land in Liaoning province, but the spatial distribution of marine functional suitability is extremely uneven. And due to the nature of marine functional zone, the space which can be directly developed and constructed is limited, while the space for protection is great. The contradiction between spatial development and ecological environment protection will be still severe for a long time.
Comprehensive suitability evaluation of spatial development and construction land is the scientific basis and guarantee for optimizing spatial development pattern and improve its quality and efficiency. It is of great significance for the implementation of regional coordinated development strategy. In this paper, according to the principles of urban-rural integration and land-ocean co-ordination, we selected Liaoning province as a case, the only both coastal and border province in Northeast China. The suitability evaluation index system was established from 3 dimensions, including natural environment, economy and society, and marine function.To evaluate and analyze the suitability of spatial development and constructive land in this province, we integrated the application of Delphi method, cask theory, linear weighted summation model and multi-factors space overlay analysis. The results show that there exist obvious characteristics of spatial differentiation in the suitability of spatial development and construction land throughout Liaoning. The most and more suitable construction land represent an obvious central peripheral structure, and concentrate along both the Shenyang-Dalian axis and the Binhai axis; the most unsuitable construction land shows a north-south symmetric distribution by the Binhai axis, while the more unsuitable construction land shows an east-west symmetric distribution by the Shenyang-Dalian axis. The construction land areas of most suitability, more suitability, more unsuitability, and most unsuitability are 15504.39 km~2,22645.34 km~2, 66833.96 km~2, and 68720.99 km~2, respectively, and the proportions of landocean area are 8.93%, 13.04%, 38.48%, and 39.56%, respectively. The suitability of natural environment plays a fundamental and decisive role in the development and construction of regional land; and the characteristics of agglomeration and dispersion are significantly different at different levels and regions. The suitability of economy and society obviously modifies that of natural environment. The introduction of marine functional zone has greatly expanded the regional land in Liaoning province, but the spatial distribution of marine functional suitability is extremely uneven. And due to the nature of marine functional zone, the space which can be directly developed and constructed is limited, while the space for protection is great. The contradiction between spatial development and ecological environment protection will be still severe for a long time.
引文
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[6]喻忠磊,张文新,梁进社,等.国土空间开发建设适宜性评价研究进展.地理科学进展,2015,34(9):1107-1122.[YUZ L,ZHANG W X,LIANG J S,et al.Progress in evaluating suitability of spatial development and construction land.Progress in Geography,2015,34(9):1107-1122.]
[7]MCHARG I L,MUMFORD L.Design with Nature.New York:American Museum of Natural History,1969.
[8]王海鹰,张新长,康停军.基于GIS的城市建设用地适宜性评价理论与应用.地理与地理信息科学,2009,25(1):14-17.[WANG H Y,ZHANG X C,KANG T J.Theory and application of evaluation on ecological applicability for urban construction land based on GIS.Geography and Geo-information Science,2009,25(1):14-17.]
[9]MALCZEWSKI J.GIS-based land-use suitability analysis:A critical overview.Progress in Planning,2004,62(1):3-65.
[10]邱炳文,池天河,王钦敏,等.GIS在土地适宜性评价中的应用与展望.地理与地理信息科学,2004,20(5):20-23,44.[QIU B W,CHI T H,WANG Q M,et al.Application of GIS and its prospect in land suitability assessment.Geography and Geo-information Science,2004,20(5):20-23,44.]
[11]PEREIRA J M C,DUCKSTEIN L.A multiple criteria decision-making approach to GIS-based land suitability evaluation.International Journal of Geographical Information Science,1993,7(5):407-424.
[12]STEINER F,MCSHERRY L,COHEN J.Land suitability analysis for the upper Gila River Watershed.Landscape and Urban Planning,2000,50(4):199-214.
[13]宗跃光,王蓉,汪成刚,等.城市建设用地生态适宜性评价的潜力-限制性分析:以大连城市化区为例.地理研究,2007,36(6):1117-1126,1305.[ZONG Y G,WANG R,WANG C G,et al.Ecological suitability assessment on land use based on potential-constrain approach:The case of urbanized areas in Dalian city,China.Geographical Research,2007,36(6):1117-1126,1305.]
[14]唐常春,孙威.长江流域国土空间开发适宜性综合评价.地理学报,2012,67(12):1587-1598.[TANG C C,SUN W.Comprehensive evaluation of land spatial development suitability of the Yangtze River Basin.Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(12):1587-1598.]
[15]焦胜,李振民,高青,等.景观连通性理论在城市土地适宜性评价与优化方法中的应用.地理研究,2013,32(4):720-730.[JIAO S,LI Z M,GAO Q,et al.The application of landscape connectivity theory in urban ecology suitability assessment and optimization.Geographical Research,2013,32(4):720-730.]
[16]秦天天,齐伟,李云强,等.基于生态位的山地农村居民点适宜度评价.生态学报,2012,32(16):5175-5183.[QIN TT,QI W,LI Y Q,et al.Suitability evaluation of rural residential land based on niche theory in mountainous area.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(16):5175-5183.]
[17]HALL G B,WANG F,SUBARYONO.Comparison of Boolean and fuzzy classification methods in land suitability analysis by using geographical information systems.Environment and Planning A,1992,24(4):497-516.
[18]XU K,KONG C,LI J,et al.Suitability evaluation of urban construction land based on geo-environmental factors of Hangzhou,China.Computers&Geosciences,2011,37(8):992-1002.
[19]陈诚,陈雯,吕卫国.基于空间开发适宜性分区的城镇建设用地配置:以海安县为例.地理科学进展,2009,28(5):775-781.[CHEN C,CHEN W,LYU W G.Allocation of urban construction land based on the regionalization of spatial development suitability:A case study of Haian county.Progress in Geography,2009,28(5):775-781.]
[20]刘孝富,舒俭民,张林波.最小累积阻力模型在城市土地生态适宜性评价中的应用:以厦门为例.生态学报,2010,30(2):421-428.[LIU X F,SHU J M,ZHANG L B.Research on applying minimal cumulative resistance model in urban land ecological suitability assessment:As an example of Xiamen city.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(2):421-428.]
[21]何丹,金凤君,周璟.资源型城市建设用地适宜性评价研究:以济宁市大运河生态经济区为例.地理研究,2011,30(4):655-666.[HE D,JIN F J,ZHOU J.Urban construction land suitability evaluation in resource-based cities:Taking the Grand Canal Ecologic and Economic Area as an example.Geographical Research,2011,30(4):655-666.]
[22]尹海伟,张琳琳,孔繁花,等.基于层次分析和移动窗口方法的济南市建设用地适宜性评价.资源科学,2013,35(3):530-535.[YIN H W,ZHAGN L L,KONG F H,et al.Suitability evaluation of urban construction land in Jinan city based on AHP and moving window methods.Resources Science,2013,35(3):530-535.]
[23]吴艳娟,杨艳昭,杨玲,等.基于“三生空间”的城市国土空间开发建设适宜性评价:以宁波市为例.资源科学,2016,38(11):2072-2081.[WU Y J,YANG Y Z,YANG L,et al.Land spatial development and suitability for city construction based on ecological-living-industrial space:Take Ningbo city as an example.Resources Science,2016,38(11):2072-2081.]
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