夏威夷群岛东南海域多金属结核的物源特征及其对古海水、亚洲季风信息的记录
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摘要
为深入探讨夏威夷群岛东南海域结核的物源特征及其所记录的古海水、亚洲季风信息,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、电子探针(EPMA)方法,对来源于原地质矿产部和国家海洋局"海洋四号"科考船DY85-1航次采集的研究区的4块多金属结核样品进行了详细的元素地球化学分析测试,并对分析结果进行了Fe-Mn-[(Cu+Ni)×10]、Fe-Mn-[(Cu+Co+Ni)×10]图解与元素间相关性分析。结果表明,结核中的成矿元素直接来源于海水;应用Co含量经验公式、结合Mn/Fe值计算方法对其生长速率进行验证,得到结核的Fe/Mn、Al/(Fe+Mn)值变化曲线与太平洋底栖有孔虫的δ18O曲线、亚洲内陆粉尘通量曲线呈现出相似的变化趋势,表明多金属结核可作为古海水氧化程度及亚洲季风演化研究的新载体。
In order to dig deeper into the paleoceanic and Asian monsoon information recorded in deep-sea polymetallic nodules and the source characteristics of nodules in southeastern Hawaiian archipelago, elemental compositions of the nodules were conducted using modern analytical methods such as ICP-MS,XRF and EPMA. The Fe-Mn-[(Cu+Ni) ×10]and Fe-Mn-[(Cu+Co+Ni) × 10] diagrams and inter-element correlation analysis show that the ore-forming elements in nodules originate directly from seawater. The empirical formula of Co content method,combined with Mn/Fe ratios,has been used establish the growth chronology of polymetallic nodules. The variation curves of Fe/Mn,Al/Fe +Mn ratios of nodules and δ18 O values of the foraminifera from the Pacific Ocean are consistent with the inland dust flux curve in Asia,indicating that polymetallic nodules can be used as a new carrier for the study of paleo-seawater oxidation and Asian monsoon evolution.
In order to dig deeper into the paleoceanic and Asian monsoon information recorded in deep-sea polymetallic nodules and the source characteristics of nodules in southeastern Hawaiian archipelago, elemental compositions of the nodules were conducted using modern analytical methods such as ICP-MS,XRF and EPMA. The Fe-Mn-[(Cu+Ni) ×10]and Fe-Mn-[(Cu+Co+Ni) × 10] diagrams and inter-element correlation analysis show that the ore-forming elements in nodules originate directly from seawater. The empirical formula of Co content method,combined with Mn/Fe ratios,has been used establish the growth chronology of polymetallic nodules. The variation curves of Fe/Mn,Al/Fe +Mn ratios of nodules and δ18 O values of the foraminifera from the Pacific Ocean are consistent with the inland dust flux curve in Asia,indicating that polymetallic nodules can be used as a new carrier for the study of paleo-seawater oxidation and Asian monsoon evolution.
引文
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De Carlo E H.1991.Paleoceanographic implications of rare earth element variability within a Fe-Mn crust from the central pacific ocean.Marine Geology,98(2-4):449-467
Ehrmann W U,Mackensen A.1992.Sedimentological evidence for the formation of an East Antarctic ice sheet in Eocene/Oligocene time.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,93(1-2):85-112
Flower B P,Kennett J P.1995.Middle Miocene Deepwater paleoceanography in the southwest Pacific:Relations with East Antarctic ice sheet development.Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology,10(6):1095-1112
Frank M,O’Nions R K,Hein J R,Banakar V K.1 999.60 Myr records of major elements and Pb-Nd isotopes from hydrogenous ferromanganese crusts:Reconstruction of seawater paleochemistry.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,63(11-12):1689-1708
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Heye D.1978.The internal micro-structure of manganese nodules and their relationship to the growth rate.Marine Geology,26(3-4):M59-M66
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Lei G,Bostr9m K.1995.Mineralogical control on transition metal distributions in marine manganese nodules.Marine Geology,123(3-4):253-261
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Ling H F,Jiang S Y,Frank M,Zhou H Y,Zhou F,Lu Z L,Chen XM,Jiang Y H,Ge C D.2005.Differing controls over the Cenozoic Pb and Nd isotope evolution of deepwater in the central North Pacific Ocean.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,232(3-4):345-361
Livermore R,Hillenbrand C D,Meredith M,Eagles G.2007.Drake passage and Cenozoic climate:An open and shut case?Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,8(1):Q01005
Manheim F T.1986.Marine Cobalt Resources.Science,232(4750):600-608.
Piper D Z,Williamson M E.1977.Composition of Pacific Ocean ferromanganese nodules.Marine Geology,23(4):285-303
Puteanus D,Halbach P.1988.Correlation of co concentration and growth rate-a method for age determination of ferromanganese crusts.Chemical Geology,69(1-2):73-85
Rea D K,Leinen M,Janecek T R.1985.Geologic approach to the longterm history of atmospheric circulation.Science,227(4688):721-725
Segl M,Mangini A,Bonani G,Hofmann H J,Nessi M,Suter M,W9lfli W,Friedrich G,Plüger W L,Wiechowski A,Beer J.1 984.10Bedating of a manganese crust from Central North Pacific and implications for ocean palaeocirculation.Nature,309(5968):540-543
Shackleton N J,Kennett J P.1976.Paleotemperature history of the Cenozoic and the initiation of Antarctic glaciation:Oxygen and carbon isotope analyses in DSDP sites 277,279 and 281.Nitial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project,29:743-755
Sun X J,Wang P X.2005.How old is the Asian monsoon system?-Palaeobotanical records from China.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,222(3-4):181-222
Thiede J,Vorren T O.1994.The Arctic Ocean and its geologic record:Research history and perspectives.Marine Geology,119(3-4):179-184
Vincent E,Berger W H.2013.Carbon Dioxide and Polar Cooling in the Miocene:The Monterey Hypothesis In:Sundquist E T,Broecker WS(eds).The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric CO:Natural Variations Archean to Present.Tarpon Spring,FL,USA:American Geophysical Union,455-468
Wang P X.1990.Neogene stratigraphy and paleoenvironments of China.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,77(3-4):315-334
安芷生,张培震,王二七,王苏民,强小科,李力,宋友桂,常宏,刘晓东,周卫健,刘卫国,曹军骥,李小强,沈吉,刘禹,艾莉.2006.中新世以来我国季风-干旱环境演化与青藏高原的生长.第四纪研究,26(5):678-693
白志民,王英滨,姜波,刘旭,常有军,文智慧,庞宁.2004.太平洋富钴结壳中稀土元素的赋存状态.地学前缘,11(2):387-392
卜文瑞,石学法,彭建堂.2001.中太平洋海山铁锰结核形成环境的地球化学制约.科学通报,(S1):89-95.
国家海洋局科技司.1996.东太平洋多金属结核资源调查.北京:海洋出版社
胡镕,陈天宇,凌洪飞.2012.晚新生代北太平洋西部深水洋流演化:来自铁锰结壳Nd同位素的证据.科学通报,57(28-29):2755-2764
牛京考.1996.中国对大洋多金属结核研究与开发述评.中国矿业,5(5):5-6,19
石学法,彭建堂,卜文瑞.2000.太平洋铁锰结壳铂族元素的初步研究.矿物岩石地球化学通报,19(4):339-340
王海峰,刘永刚,朱克超.2015.中太平洋海盆多金属结核分布及其与CC区中国多金属结核开辟区多金属结核特征对比.海洋地质与第四纪地质,35(2):73-79
王晓红,周力平,王毅民,张学华,柳小明,樊兴涛,刘克新,周剑雄.2008.太平洋富钴结壳高密度环境记录解读.中国科学(D辑),38(9):1112-1121
杨子赓.2004.海洋地质学.济南:山东教育出版社
赵其渊.1988.海洋生源碳酸盐沉积的研究及其地球化学意义.矿物岩石地球化学通报,7(1):66-68
赵其渊.1989.海洋地球化学.北京:地质出版社
Burton K W,Ling H F,O'Nions R K.1997.Closure of the Central A-merican isthmus and its effect on deep-water formation in the North Atlantic.Nature,386(6623):382-385
De Carlo E H.1991.Paleoceanographic implications of rare earth element variability within a Fe-Mn crust from the central pacific ocean.Marine Geology,98(2-4):449-467
Ehrmann W U,Mackensen A.1992.Sedimentological evidence for the formation of an East Antarctic ice sheet in Eocene/Oligocene time.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,93(1-2):85-112
Flower B P,Kennett J P.1995.Middle Miocene Deepwater paleoceanography in the southwest Pacific:Relations with East Antarctic ice sheet development.Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology,10(6):1095-1112
Frank M,O’Nions R K,Hein J R,Banakar V K.1 999.60 Myr records of major elements and Pb-Nd isotopes from hydrogenous ferromanganese crusts:Reconstruction of seawater paleochemistry.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,63(11-12):1689-1708
Frank M.2002.Radiogenic isotopes:Tracers of past ocean circulation and erosional input.Reviews of Geophysics,40(1):1-1-1-38
Halbach P,Hebisch U,Scherhag C.1981.Geochemical variations of ferromanganese nodules and crusts from different provinces of the Pacific Ocean and their genetic control.Chemical Geology,34(1-2):3-17
Halbach P,Puteanus D.1984.The influence of the carbonate dissolution rate on the growth and composition of Co-rich ferromanganese crusts from Central Pacific seamount areas.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,68(1):73-87
Halbach P,Segl M,Puteanus D,Mangini A.1983.Co-fluxes and growth rates in ferromanganese deposits from central Pacific seamount areas.Nature,304(5928):716-719
Heye D.1978.The internal micro-structure of manganese nodules and their relationship to the growth rate.Marine Geology,26(3-4):M59-M66
Hun C A,Ku T L.1984.Radiochemical observations on manganese nodules from three sedimentary environments in the north Pacific.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,48(5):951-963
Jauhari P,Pattan J N.2000.Ferromanganese nodules from the central Indian Ocean basin.In:Cronan D S(ed).Handbook of Marine Mineral Deposits.Boca Raton,FL:CRC Press,171-195
Koschinsky A,Halbach P.1995.Sequential leaching of marine ferromanganese precipitates:Genetic implications.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,59(24):5113-5132
Lei G,Bostr9m K.1995.Mineralogical control on transition metal distributions in marine manganese nodules.Marine Geology,123(3-4):253-261
Ling H F,Burton K W,O'Nions R K,Kamber B S,Von Blanckenburg F,Gibb A J,Hein J R.1997.Evolution of Nd and Pb isotopes in central pacific seawater from ferromanganese crusts.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,146(1-2):1-12
Ling H F,Jiang S Y,Frank M,Zhou H Y,Zhou F,Lu Z L,Chen XM,Jiang Y H,Ge C D.2005.Differing controls over the Cenozoic Pb and Nd isotope evolution of deepwater in the central North Pacific Ocean.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,232(3-4):345-361
Livermore R,Hillenbrand C D,Meredith M,Eagles G.2007.Drake passage and Cenozoic climate:An open and shut case?Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,8(1):Q01005
Manheim F T.1986.Marine Cobalt Resources.Science,232(4750):600-608.
Piper D Z,Williamson M E.1977.Composition of Pacific Ocean ferromanganese nodules.Marine Geology,23(4):285-303
Puteanus D,Halbach P.1988.Correlation of co concentration and growth rate-a method for age determination of ferromanganese crusts.Chemical Geology,69(1-2):73-85
Rea D K,Leinen M,Janecek T R.1985.Geologic approach to the longterm history of atmospheric circulation.Science,227(4688):721-725
Segl M,Mangini A,Bonani G,Hofmann H J,Nessi M,Suter M,W9lfli W,Friedrich G,Plüger W L,Wiechowski A,Beer J.1 984.10Bedating of a manganese crust from Central North Pacific and implications for ocean palaeocirculation.Nature,309(5968):540-543
Shackleton N J,Kennett J P.1976.Paleotemperature history of the Cenozoic and the initiation of Antarctic glaciation:Oxygen and carbon isotope analyses in DSDP sites 277,279 and 281.Nitial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project,29:743-755
Sun X J,Wang P X.2005.How old is the Asian monsoon system?-Palaeobotanical records from China.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,222(3-4):181-222
Thiede J,Vorren T O.1994.The Arctic Ocean and its geologic record:Research history and perspectives.Marine Geology,119(3-4):179-184
Vincent E,Berger W H.2013.Carbon Dioxide and Polar Cooling in the Miocene:The Monterey Hypothesis In:Sundquist E T,Broecker WS(eds).The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric CO:Natural Variations Archean to Present.Tarpon Spring,FL,USA:American Geophysical Union,455-468
Wang P X.1990.Neogene stratigraphy and paleoenvironments of China.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,77(3-4):315-334
安芷生,张培震,王二七,王苏民,强小科,李力,宋友桂,常宏,刘晓东,周卫健,刘卫国,曹军骥,李小强,沈吉,刘禹,艾莉.2006.中新世以来我国季风-干旱环境演化与青藏高原的生长.第四纪研究,26(5):678-693
白志民,王英滨,姜波,刘旭,常有军,文智慧,庞宁.2004.太平洋富钴结壳中稀土元素的赋存状态.地学前缘,11(2):387-392
卜文瑞,石学法,彭建堂.2001.中太平洋海山铁锰结核形成环境的地球化学制约.科学通报,(S1):89-95.
国家海洋局科技司.1996.东太平洋多金属结核资源调查.北京:海洋出版社
胡镕,陈天宇,凌洪飞.2012.晚新生代北太平洋西部深水洋流演化:来自铁锰结壳Nd同位素的证据.科学通报,57(28-29):2755-2764
牛京考.1996.中国对大洋多金属结核研究与开发述评.中国矿业,5(5):5-6,19
石学法,彭建堂,卜文瑞.2000.太平洋铁锰结壳铂族元素的初步研究.矿物岩石地球化学通报,19(4):339-340
王海峰,刘永刚,朱克超.2015.中太平洋海盆多金属结核分布及其与CC区中国多金属结核开辟区多金属结核特征对比.海洋地质与第四纪地质,35(2):73-79
王晓红,周力平,王毅民,张学华,柳小明,樊兴涛,刘克新,周剑雄.2008.太平洋富钴结壳高密度环境记录解读.中国科学(D辑),38(9):1112-1121
杨子赓.2004.海洋地质学.济南:山东教育出版社
赵其渊.1988.海洋生源碳酸盐沉积的研究及其地球化学意义.矿物岩石地球化学通报,7(1):66-68
赵其渊.1989.海洋地球化学.北京:地质出版社
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