海上事故有害气体的扩散研究——以“桑吉”轮撞船事故为例

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英文篇名：Study on the diffusion of harmful gases in marine accidents:Sanchi ship collision accident case 作者：付金宇 ; 李颖 ; 吴鹏 ; 杨硕 ; 张照亿 英文作者：FU Jin-yu;LI Ying;WU Peng;YANG Shuo;ZHANG Zhao-yi;Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University;Environmental Information Institute, Dalian Maritime University; 关键词：海上事故 ; 有害气体 ; 高斯烟羽 ; 扩散模型 ; 范围可视化 英文关键词：marine accident;;harmful gas;;Gaussian plume;;diffusion model;;range visualization 中文刊名：HUTB 英文刊名：Marine Science Bulletin 机构：大连海事大学航海学院;大连海事大学环境信息研究所; 出版日期：2019-02-15 出版单位：海洋通报 年：2019 期：v.38;No.222 基金：船舶污染排放快速在线监测技术应用示范(2017YFC0211904) 语种：中文; 页：HUTB201901032 页数：6 CN：01 ISSN：12-1076/P 分类号：118-123

摘要

发生海上事故后,为对周边海域船只和人员进行疏散及为应急处置提供科学依据,并实现对不同检测位置检测浓度的校正,需要对事故有毒有害气体的扩散进行计算。本文先通过经验公式计算,模拟事故船舶自然燃烧,而后采用高斯烟羽模型,通过结合事故现场的风浪等水文气象参数,构建海上事故有毒有害气体扩散模型。该模型在改进的高斯烟羽模型的基础上,通过与ArcGIS结合,实现事故海域区域范围内有害气体扩散定量可视化,实验结果表明,"桑吉"轮撞事故中,有害气体沿向下风向西北处扩散,以事故点为起点向西北方向划线为轴线,宽幅选取4 km范围,最高浓度区域是以事故点下风向3 km处为圆心,500 m为半径的圆形区域,浓度可以达到4×10-5mg/m~3,边缘处气体浓度已低至0.5×10-5mg/m~3。其模型简单且可以直观体现有毒有害气体扩散范围。
        When an accident happened at sea, in order to conduct evacuation of vessel personnel in surrounding sea areasand to provide scientific basis for emergency disposal, the calculation of toxic and harmful gases diffusion in accidents need tobe calculated, so that the concentrations detected at different detection locations can be corrected. In this paper, the empiricalformula is used to simulate the natural combustion of the accident ship, and then the Gaussian plume model is used toconstruct a toxic and hazardous gases diffusion model for marine accidents by combining wind and waves and other hydro-meteorological parameters at the accident site. The model is based on the improved Gaussian plume model and combined withArcGIS to realize the quantitative visualization of harmful gas diffusion in the area of the accident. In Sanchi ship collisionaccident case, results indicate that the harmful gas diffuses along the northwest of the downwind direction, starting from theaccident point. Scribe to the northwest as the axis, wide selection of 4 km range, the highest concentration area is centered onthe 3 km of the accident point down the wind, and the largest concentration is in the circular area of 500 m radius, theconcentration can reach 4 × 10-5 mg/m3, the gas concentration at the edge has been reduced to 0.5 × 10-5 mg/m3. The model issimple and can visualize the diffusion range of existing toxic and harmful gases.

引文

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