梯级水库对南渡江干流底栖动物丰枯水期沿程变化的影响
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摘要
为探讨梯级水库影响下河流底栖动物种群在河流丰枯水期的沿程变化规律,通过对丰水期(8月)和枯水期(1月)采样处理和计量鉴定,对我国大型热带河流——海南南渡江干流的底栖动物的生物量、丰度、多样性、均匀度在丰枯水期的沿程变化进行了分析。结果表明:丰枯水期共检测出底栖动物2门4纲22种,各物种丰度在0～236个/m~2之间,生物量在0.27～31.5g/m~2之间;底栖动物种群结构沿程变化受梯级水库建设影响较大;丰、枯水量变化对底栖动物群落影响显著,受枯水期水库蓄水大幅度改变水流连通性影响,枯水期底栖动物种类沿程变化幅度大于丰水期;与温带河流不同,南渡江干流大多数底栖动物种类在冬季仍能较好繁殖,枯水期底栖动物丰度和生物量均大于丰水期。
In order to investigate the streamwise variation of zoobenthos communities along the river in wet and dry seasons under the influence of cascade reservoirs,sampling processing and metrological identification were carried out in wet season(August) and dry season(January) along Nandujiang River in Hainan Province,which is a large tropic river in China.The biomass,abundance,diversity and uniformity of zoobenthos were analyzed.The results show that there are 22 species of zoobenthos in 4 classes,2 phyla in wet and dry seasons.The abundance of each species ranges from 0 to 236 ind/m2,and the biomass ranges from 0.27 g/m2 to 31.5 g/m2.The streamwise variation of zoobenthos communities along main stream of Nandujiang River is greatly influenced by the cascade hydropower constructions.Water discharges in wet and dry seasons have significant influence on zoobenthos communities.Influenced by the water storage in reservoirs and the corresponding change of hydraulic connectivity during the dry season,the streamwise variation amplitude of zoobenthos in dry season is larger than that in wet season.Unlike temperate rivers,most of the zoobenthos in the main stream of Nandujiang River can reproduce well in winter,and the abundance and biomass of zoobenthos in dry season are larger than those in wet season.
In order to investigate the streamwise variation of zoobenthos communities along the river in wet and dry seasons under the influence of cascade reservoirs,sampling processing and metrological identification were carried out in wet season(August) and dry season(January) along Nandujiang River in Hainan Province,which is a large tropic river in China.The biomass,abundance,diversity and uniformity of zoobenthos were analyzed.The results show that there are 22 species of zoobenthos in 4 classes,2 phyla in wet and dry seasons.The abundance of each species ranges from 0 to 236 ind/m2,and the biomass ranges from 0.27 g/m2 to 31.5 g/m2.The streamwise variation of zoobenthos communities along main stream of Nandujiang River is greatly influenced by the cascade hydropower constructions.Water discharges in wet and dry seasons have significant influence on zoobenthos communities.Influenced by the water storage in reservoirs and the corresponding change of hydraulic connectivity during the dry season,the streamwise variation amplitude of zoobenthos in dry season is larger than that in wet season.Unlike temperate rivers,most of the zoobenthos in the main stream of Nandujiang River can reproduce well in winter,and the abundance and biomass of zoobenthos in dry season are larger than those in wet season.
引文
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[9]张欣,徐宗学,刘麟菲,等.应用底栖动物完整性指数评价济南市水生态健康状况[J].水资源保护,2016,32(6):123-130.(ZHANG Xin,XU Zongxue,LIU Linfei,et al.Health assessment of aquatic ecology in Ji'nan City using benthic-index of biotic integrity[J].Water Resources Protection,2016,32(6):123-130.(in Chinese))
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[14]HELSON J E,WILLIAMS D D.Development of a macroinvertebrate multimetric index for the assessment of low-land streams in the neotropics[J].Ecological Indicators,2013,29(3):167-178.
[15]CHEN Q,YANG Q,LI R,et al.Spring micro-distribution of macroinvertebrate in relation to hydro-environmental factors in the Lijiang River,China[J].Journal of Hydroenvironment Research,2013,7(2):103-112.
[16]陆强,陈慧丽,邵晓阳,等.杭州西溪湿地大型底栖动物群落特征及与环境因子的关系[J].生态学报,2013,33(9):2803-2815.(LU Qiang,CHEN Huili,SHAOXiaoyang,et al.Ecological characteristics of macrobenthic communities and its relationships with enviromental factors in Hangzhou Xixi Wetland[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(9):2803-2815.(in Chinese))
[17]HANN B J,WISHART M J,Watson S B.Long-term trends in benthic invertebrate populations(1929-2013)in Lake Winnipeg[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,2017,43(5):938-952.
[18]BEDNAR J P,TROBEJ M,SCHAGERL M,et al.Which factors shape macrozoobenthic communities in tufa springs?Results from Austrian meteogene travertine-depositing sites[J].Hydrobiologia,2017,799(1):293-307.
[19]VORONKOV A,HOP H,GULLIKSENB.Zoobenthic communities on hard-bottom habitats in Kongsfjorden,Svalbard[J].Polar Biology,2016,39(11):1-19.
[20]简东,黄道明,常秀岭,等.红水河干流梯级运行后底栖动物的演替[J].水生态学杂志,2010,3(6):12-18.(JIADong,HUANG Daoming,CHANG Xiuling,et al.The succession of zoobenthos in the mainstream of Hongshui River after the formation of the cascade reservoirs[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2010,3(6):12-18.(in Chinese))
[21]李晋鹏,董世魁,彭明春,等.梯级水坝运行对漫湾库区底栖动物群落结构及分布格局的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(12):4101-4108.(LI Jinpeng,DONGShikui,PENG Mingchun,et al.Effects of cascading hydropower dams operation on the structure and distribution pattern of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in Manwan Reservoir,Southwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(12):4101-4108.(in Chinese))
[22]朱苏葛,刘凌,罗娟,等.里下河地区典型湖泊大型底栖动物与环境因子的相关性分析[J].水资源保护,2016,32(3):99-104.(ZHU Suge,LIU Ling,LUO Juan,et al.Correlation analysis between macrozoobenthos and environmental factors in lakes of Lixia River Area[J].Water Resources Protection,2016,32(3):99-104.(in Chinese))
[23]林彰文,林生,顾继光,等.浮游植物群落对海南小水电建设的响应[J].生态学报,2013,33(4):1186-1194.(LIN Zhangwen,LIN Sheng,GU Jiguang,et al.Responses of phytoplankton community to the construction of small hydropower stations in Hainan Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(4):1186-1194.(in Chinese))
[24]刘唱,刘凌,张又,等.阳澄湖大型底栖动物群落结构和空间分布特征[J].水资源保护,2017,33(2):79-87.(LIU Chang,LIU Ling,ZHANG You,et al.Community structure and spatial distribution of macrozoobenthos in Yangcheng Lake,China[J].Water Resources Protection,2017,33(2):79-87.(in Chinese))
[25]张敏,蔡庆华,渠晓东,等.三峡成库后香溪河库湾底栖动物群落演变及库湾纵向分区格局动态[J].生态学报,2017,37(13):4483-4494.(ZHANG Min,CAI Qinghua,QUXiaodong,et al.Macroinvertebrate succession and longitudinal zonation dynamics in Xiangxi Bay,after impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(13):4483-4494.(in Chinese))
[26]徐梦珍,王兆印,段学花.输水管道中淡水壳菜的防治研究[J].给水排水,2009,35(5):205-208.(XUMengzhen,WANG Zhaoyin,DUAN Xuehua.Study on prevention and control of Limnoperna fortunei in Water Pipelines[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2009,35(5):205-208.(in Chinese))
[27]BAE Y J,MCCAFFERTY W P.Microhabitat of Anthopotamus verticis(ephemeroptera:potamanthidae)[J].Hydrobiologia,1994,288(2):65-78.
[2]蒋晓辉,王洪铸.黄河干流水生态系统结构特征沿程变化及其健康评价[J].水利学报,2012,43(8):991-998.(JIANG Xiaohui,WANG Hongzhu.Change of structural characteristics and health assessment of aquatic ecosystems along the mainstream of the Yellow River[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(8):991-998.(in Chinese))
[3]邬红娟,余秋梅,沈蕴芬,等.汉江中下游河段生态系统结构特征及其沿程变化[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(10):99-101.(WU Hongjuan,YUQiumei,SHEN Yunfen,et al.A structure characteristics of ecosystem along the middle and lower reaches of Han River in spring[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2005,33(10):99-101.(in Chinese))
[4]徐宗学,顾晓昀,刘麟菲.渭河流域河流健康调查与评价[J].水资源保护,2018,34(1):1-7.(XU Zongxue,GU Xiaoyun,LIU Linfei.Investigation and assessment on river health of Weihe River Basin[J].Water Resources Protection,2018,34(1):1-7.(in Chinese))
[5]胡征宇,蔡庆华.三峡水库蓄水前后水生态系统动态的初步研究[J].水生生物学报,2006,30(1):1-6.(HUZhengyu,CAI Qinghua.Preliminary report on aquatic ecosystem dynamics of the Three Gorges Reservoir before and after impoundment[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2006,30(1):1-6.(in Chinese))
[6]麻泽龙,程根伟.河流梯级开发对生态环境影响的研究进展[J].水科学进展,2006,17(5):748-753.(MAZelong,CHENG Genwei.Progress in research on impacts of river hydro-power engineering on eco-environment[J].Advances in Water Science,2006,17(5):748-753.(in Chinese))
[7]刘静玲,尤晓光,史璇,等.滦河流域大中型闸坝水文生态效应[J].水资源保护,2016,32(1):23-28.(LIUJingling,YOU Xiaoguang,SHI Xuan,et al.Hydrological and ecological effects of dams in Luanhe River Basin[J].Water Resources Protection,2016,32(1):23-28.(in Chinese))
[8]盛萧,毛建忠,曹然,等.基于5种大型底栖动物评价指数的河流生态健康评价[J].水资源保护,2017,33(1):75-82.(SHENG Xiao,MAO Jianzhong,CAO Ran,et al.River health assessment based on five biological indices for macroinvertebrates[J].Water Resources Protection,2017,33(1):75-82.(in Chinese))
[9]张欣,徐宗学,刘麟菲,等.应用底栖动物完整性指数评价济南市水生态健康状况[J].水资源保护,2016,32(6):123-130.(ZHANG Xin,XU Zongxue,LIU Linfei,et al.Health assessment of aquatic ecology in Ji'nan City using benthic-index of biotic integrity[J].Water Resources Protection,2016,32(6):123-130.(in Chinese))
[10]邹家祥,翟红娟.三峡工程对水环境与水生态的影响及保护对策[J].水资源保护,2016,32(5):136-140.(ZOU Jiaxiang,ZHAI Hongjuan.Impacts of Three Gorges Project on water environment and aquatic ecosystem and protective measures[J].Water Resources Protection,2016,32(5):136-140.(in Chinese))
[11]TERRA B D F,ARAUJO F G.A preliminary fish assemblage index for a transitional river-reservoir system in southeastern Brazil[J].Ecological Indicators,2011,11(3):874-881.
[12]LARSEN L G,CHOI J,NUNGESSER M K,et al.Directional connectivity in hydrology and ecology[J].Ecological Applications,2012,22(8):2204-2220.
[13]YANYGINA LV.Macrozoobenthos as an indicator of the ecological state of mountain watercourses[J].Russian Journal of Ecology,2017,48(2):185-190.
[14]HELSON J E,WILLIAMS D D.Development of a macroinvertebrate multimetric index for the assessment of low-land streams in the neotropics[J].Ecological Indicators,2013,29(3):167-178.
[15]CHEN Q,YANG Q,LI R,et al.Spring micro-distribution of macroinvertebrate in relation to hydro-environmental factors in the Lijiang River,China[J].Journal of Hydroenvironment Research,2013,7(2):103-112.
[16]陆强,陈慧丽,邵晓阳,等.杭州西溪湿地大型底栖动物群落特征及与环境因子的关系[J].生态学报,2013,33(9):2803-2815.(LU Qiang,CHEN Huili,SHAOXiaoyang,et al.Ecological characteristics of macrobenthic communities and its relationships with enviromental factors in Hangzhou Xixi Wetland[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(9):2803-2815.(in Chinese))
[17]HANN B J,WISHART M J,Watson S B.Long-term trends in benthic invertebrate populations(1929-2013)in Lake Winnipeg[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,2017,43(5):938-952.
[18]BEDNAR J P,TROBEJ M,SCHAGERL M,et al.Which factors shape macrozoobenthic communities in tufa springs?Results from Austrian meteogene travertine-depositing sites[J].Hydrobiologia,2017,799(1):293-307.
[19]VORONKOV A,HOP H,GULLIKSENB.Zoobenthic communities on hard-bottom habitats in Kongsfjorden,Svalbard[J].Polar Biology,2016,39(11):1-19.
[20]简东,黄道明,常秀岭,等.红水河干流梯级运行后底栖动物的演替[J].水生态学杂志,2010,3(6):12-18.(JIADong,HUANG Daoming,CHANG Xiuling,et al.The succession of zoobenthos in the mainstream of Hongshui River after the formation of the cascade reservoirs[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2010,3(6):12-18.(in Chinese))
[21]李晋鹏,董世魁,彭明春,等.梯级水坝运行对漫湾库区底栖动物群落结构及分布格局的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(12):4101-4108.(LI Jinpeng,DONGShikui,PENG Mingchun,et al.Effects of cascading hydropower dams operation on the structure and distribution pattern of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in Manwan Reservoir,Southwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(12):4101-4108.(in Chinese))
[22]朱苏葛,刘凌,罗娟,等.里下河地区典型湖泊大型底栖动物与环境因子的相关性分析[J].水资源保护,2016,32(3):99-104.(ZHU Suge,LIU Ling,LUO Juan,et al.Correlation analysis between macrozoobenthos and environmental factors in lakes of Lixia River Area[J].Water Resources Protection,2016,32(3):99-104.(in Chinese))
[23]林彰文,林生,顾继光,等.浮游植物群落对海南小水电建设的响应[J].生态学报,2013,33(4):1186-1194.(LIN Zhangwen,LIN Sheng,GU Jiguang,et al.Responses of phytoplankton community to the construction of small hydropower stations in Hainan Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(4):1186-1194.(in Chinese))
[24]刘唱,刘凌,张又,等.阳澄湖大型底栖动物群落结构和空间分布特征[J].水资源保护,2017,33(2):79-87.(LIU Chang,LIU Ling,ZHANG You,et al.Community structure and spatial distribution of macrozoobenthos in Yangcheng Lake,China[J].Water Resources Protection,2017,33(2):79-87.(in Chinese))
[25]张敏,蔡庆华,渠晓东,等.三峡成库后香溪河库湾底栖动物群落演变及库湾纵向分区格局动态[J].生态学报,2017,37(13):4483-4494.(ZHANG Min,CAI Qinghua,QUXiaodong,et al.Macroinvertebrate succession and longitudinal zonation dynamics in Xiangxi Bay,after impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(13):4483-4494.(in Chinese))
[26]徐梦珍,王兆印,段学花.输水管道中淡水壳菜的防治研究[J].给水排水,2009,35(5):205-208.(XUMengzhen,WANG Zhaoyin,DUAN Xuehua.Study on prevention and control of Limnoperna fortunei in Water Pipelines[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2009,35(5):205-208.(in Chinese))
[27]BAE Y J,MCCAFFERTY W P.Microhabitat of Anthopotamus verticis(ephemeroptera:potamanthidae)[J].Hydrobiologia,1994,288(2):65-78.
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