不同温度生物炭对油茶林红壤呼吸作用和酶活性的影响研究
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摘要
烧制生物炭是油茶饼粕再利用的一项新措施。以福建油茶林红壤和不同温度(300℃和600℃)烧制的油茶饼粕生物炭为研究对象,在连续120 d微宇宙培养实验基础上,对不同时间土壤样品进行分析,研究生物炭对土壤呼吸作用和酶活性的动态影响。结果表明:施用300℃生物炭显著提高了土壤呼吸速率、脲酶、转化酶和酸性磷酸酶活性,且促进作用主要表现在培养的前30 d,而在整个120 d培养阶段,600℃生物炭对土壤呼吸速率和酶活性均无显著影响。冗余分析表明,土壤有机质和可溶性碳含量是影响红壤微生物呼吸作用和酶活性的最重要因素。综上,生物炭能够提高土壤微生物活性,提高土壤矿质养分有效性。本研究可为油茶饼粕生物炭在改良油茶林土壤方面的应用提供依据。
Biochar is a new method for the reuse of oil tea forest waste. The biochar was fired at two Pyrolytic temperatures(300 ℃ and 600 ℃) and was prepared to investigate the effects of biochar on microbial respiration and enzyme activities in the Red Soil under oil tea forest in greenhouse cultivation experiment for 120 days. The results showed that biochar fired at low temperature(300 ℃) significantly improved the soil microbial respiration rate and enzyme activities, especially in the early stage of culture(30 days). However, biochar fired at high temperature(600 ℃)only showed little effect on them, and even inhibited the activities of invertase. Soil organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon were the main control factors of the respiration and enzyme activities of the Red Soil amended with biochar fired at different temperatures.
Biochar is a new method for the reuse of oil tea forest waste. The biochar was fired at two Pyrolytic temperatures(300 ℃ and 600 ℃) and was prepared to investigate the effects of biochar on microbial respiration and enzyme activities in the Red Soil under oil tea forest in greenhouse cultivation experiment for 120 days. The results showed that biochar fired at low temperature(300 ℃) significantly improved the soil microbial respiration rate and enzyme activities, especially in the early stage of culture(30 days). However, biochar fired at high temperature(600 ℃)only showed little effect on them, and even inhibited the activities of invertase. Soil organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon were the main control factors of the respiration and enzyme activities of the Red Soil amended with biochar fired at different temperatures.
引文
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[24]袁金华,徐仁扣.生物质炭的性质及其对土壤环境功能影响的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(4):779-785.
[25]袁金华,徐仁扣.稻壳制备的生物质炭对红壤和黄棕壤酸度的改良效果[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(5):472-476.
[26]AELOOT N,NLETEL S,CASED C,et al.Mineralization and micr obial activity in four biochar field experiments several years after incorporation[J].Soil biology and biochemistry,2014,78:195-203.
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[28]TIMOTHY M.BOWLESA,VERONICA ACOSTA-MARTINEZB,et al.Soil enzyme activities,microbial communities,and carbon and nitrogen availability in organic agroecosystems across an intensively-managed agricultural landscape[J].Soil Biology Biochemistry,2014,68:252-262.
[29]KOTROCZOA Z,VERESA Z,FEKETE I et al.Soil enzyme activity in response to long-term organic matter manipulation[J].Soil Biology Biochemistry,2014,70:237-243.
[30]SMOLANDER A,KITUNREN V.Soil microbial activities and characteristics of dissolved organic C and N in relation to tree species[J].Soil Biology Biochemistry,2002,34:651-660.
[31]梁桓,索全义,侯建伟,等.不同炭化温度下玉米秸秆和沙蒿生物炭的结构特征及化学特性[J].土壤,2015,47(5):886-891.
[2]El-NAGGAR AH,USMAN AR,Al-OMRAN A,et al.Carbon miner alization and nutrient availability in calcareous sandy soils amended with woody waste biochar[J].Chemosphere,2015,138:67-73.
[3]MUKHERJEE A,ZIMMERMAN AR.Organic carbon and nutrient release from a range of laboratory-produced biochars and biocharsoil mixtures[J].Geoderma,2013,193:122-130.
[4]夏海勇,王凯荣.有机质含量对石灰性黄潮土和砂姜黑土磷吸附-解吸特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(6):1303-1310.
[5]WU Y,XU G,LU Y,et al.Effects of biochar amendment on soil phy sical and chemical properties:current status and knowledge gaps.Advance in Earth Science,2014,29(1):68-79.
[6]DAI Z,BROOKES PC,HE Y,et al.Increased agronomic and envi ronmental value Provided by biochars with varied physiochemical properties derived from swine manure blended with rice straw[J].Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,2014,62(44):10623-10631.
[7]付登强,杨伟波,陈良秋,等.油茶林养分管理研究进展[J].热带农业科学,2013,33(2):17-21.
[8]黄凌志,魏世清,徐铁纯.浅谈沼肥用于油茶土壤改良的方法[J].农业开发与装备,2013,2(2):95-98.
[9]李远发,胡灵,王凌晖.油茶资源研究利用现状及其展望[J].广西农业科学,2009,40(4):450-454.
[10]姚玲丹,程广焕,王丽晓,等.施用生物炭对土壤微生物的影响[J].环境化学,2015,34(4):697-704.
[11]饶霜,卢阳,黄飞,等.生物炭对土壤微生物的影响研究进展[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(1):53-59.
[12]GOMEZ JD,DENEF K,STEWART CE,et al.Biochar Addition Rate Influence Soil Microbial Abundance and Activity in temperate soil[J].European journal of soil science,2014,65(1):28-39.
[13]万忠梅,吴景贵.土壤酶活性影响因子研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2005,33(6):87-91.
[14]刘恩科,赵秉强,李秀英.长期施肥对土壤微生物量及土壤酶活性的影响[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(1):176-182.
[15]CHUN Y,SHENG GY,CHIOU CT,et al.Compositions and sorptive properties of crop residue-derived chars[J].Environmental Science Technology,2004,38(17):4649-4655.
[16]CANG L,ZHOU DM,WANG QY,et al.Effects of electrokinetic treatment of a heavy metal contaminated soil on soil enzyme activities[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,172(2-3):1602-1607.
[17]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1987.
[18]李力,刘娅,陆宇,等.生物炭的环境效应及其应用的研究进展[J].环境化学,2011,30(8):1411-1421.
[19]LIU X,ZHANG A,JI C,et al.Biochar’s effect on crop productivity and the dependence on experimental conditions-a meta-analysis of literature data[J].Plant and soil,2013,373(1-2):583-594.
[20]WANG J,PAN X,LIU Y,et al.Effects of biochar amendment in two soils on greenhouse gas emissions and crop production[J].Plant and soil,2012,360(1-2):287-298.
[21]OLESZCZUK P,JOSKO I,FUTA B,et al.Effect of pesticides on microorganisms,enzymatic activity and plant in biochar amended soil[J].Geoderma,2014,214:10-18.
[22]王萌萌,周启星.生物炭的土壤环境效应及其机制研究[J].环境化学,2013,32(5):768-780.
[23]ANGST TE,SOHI SP.Establishing release dynamics for plant nutrients from biochar[J].GCB Bioenergy,2012,5(2):221-226.
[24]袁金华,徐仁扣.生物质炭的性质及其对土壤环境功能影响的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(4):779-785.
[25]袁金华,徐仁扣.稻壳制备的生物质炭对红壤和黄棕壤酸度的改良效果[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(5):472-476.
[26]AELOOT N,NLETEL S,CASED C,et al.Mineralization and micr obial activity in four biochar field experiments several years after incorporation[J].Soil biology and biochemistry,2014,78:195-203.
[27]刘天学,纪秀娥.焚烧秸秆对土壤有机质和微生物的影响研究[J].土壤,2003,35(4):347-348.
[28]TIMOTHY M.BOWLESA,VERONICA ACOSTA-MARTINEZB,et al.Soil enzyme activities,microbial communities,and carbon and nitrogen availability in organic agroecosystems across an intensively-managed agricultural landscape[J].Soil Biology Biochemistry,2014,68:252-262.
[29]KOTROCZOA Z,VERESA Z,FEKETE I et al.Soil enzyme activity in response to long-term organic matter manipulation[J].Soil Biology Biochemistry,2014,70:237-243.
[30]SMOLANDER A,KITUNREN V.Soil microbial activities and characteristics of dissolved organic C and N in relation to tree species[J].Soil Biology Biochemistry,2002,34:651-660.
[31]梁桓,索全义,侯建伟,等.不同炭化温度下玉米秸秆和沙蒿生物炭的结构特征及化学特性[J].土壤,2015,47(5):886-891.
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